精選文庫1994 Passage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done, wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: How come nobody thought of that before?The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67. What does the author probably mean by untaught mind in the first paragraph?A A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.B A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C A person who has had no education.D An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68. According to the author, what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?A The variety of ideas they have.B The intelligence they possess.C The way they deal with problems.D The way they present their findings.69. The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because _.A Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativityB the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doing thingsC the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of viewD the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70. The phrase march to a different drummer (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are _.A diligent in pursuing their goalsB reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC devoted to the progress of scienceD concerned about the advance of society科學技術上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造被“不知內情者”看做靈感的眩目閃現或戲劇性事件的結果。亞歷山大弗萊明爵士可不是像傳說中的那樣，看了一眼奶酪上的霉就立刻想到了青霉素的發(fā)明。他是對抗菌物質進行了長達9年的實驗才有了這項發(fā)明的。發(fā)明及創(chuàng)新幾乎都是艱苦的試驗和失敗的產物。創(chuàng)新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球員也會痛失進球機會，其射門被擋出的機會大大多于進球的機會。問題在于得分最多者正是那些射門次數最多的球員，而任何領域的創(chuàng)新活動都是如此。創(chuàng)新者與普通人的主要區(qū)別在于處理問題的方法不同。每一個人都有想法，但創(chuàng)新者會自覺地鉆研他的想法，并不懈努力直到證明想法切實可行或不可行。普通人視為憑空想像的抽象概念在職業(yè)創(chuàng)新者眼里卻具有堅實的可能性。“創(chuàng)造性思維也許只不過意味著能夠意識到按老辦法辦事沒什么特別可取之處。”語言權威人士魯道夫弗萊契寫到。這解釋了我們看到像塑料垃圾袋和帶輪箱包之類令生活更便利但看似簡單的發(fā)明時的反應：“怎么過去就沒有人想到這辦法呢？”創(chuàng)造性方法始于“一切不可貌相”的主張。創(chuàng)新者不會接受辦事只有一種方法的論調。面對從A到B的挑戰(zhàn)，普通人會自動踏上一條最為人熟悉、顯然最簡單的路徑。創(chuàng)新者則會探尋另外不同的道路，而這樣的道路將（guangxian注：may宜譯為“可能”）會最終被證實更簡單、也一定更有趣、更富挑戰(zhàn)性，即使它們通向絕境。極富創(chuàng)造性的人的確是伴著不同鼓手打出的鼓點前進的。試題解析：67. A 根據原文第1段，“untaught minds”本文應該指那些不了解發(fā)明與革新的艱辛的人。B、D則明顯不對。C“untaught”一詞有“未受過教育的”這個意思，但從本文第1段來看，這里并非指未受過教育的人，不了解發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的艱辛的人未必沒有受過教育。68. C 這是文章主要要說明的問題。文章第2段第2句指出：有創(chuàng)造力的人與他人的最大區(qū)別在于他們對待事物的方法不同，此句中“one”指“difference”。文章最后一段以結論的形式再次說明了這一主旨。A意為：有創(chuàng)造力的人所擁有的各種各樣的思想。如上文解釋C項時所指出的，本文重點要說明的是：在對待事物的方法上，有創(chuàng)造力的人與常人不同，這與他們所持有的思想的多少沒有關系。B如上所分析，二者的主要區(qū)別不在于智力上的不同。D意為：善于發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的人表述自己的發(fā)現的方式與人不同。這也是不對的。69. B 作者引用Flesch的話當然是為了支持自己的觀點：有創(chuàng)造力的人經常探索做事的新方法。文章第3段Flesch指出：創(chuàng)造性思維往往只起源于一種認識：做事情的傳統(tǒng)的方法未必是最好的。A、C所表達的內容也許是正確的，但并不是文章引用Flesch的目的。DFlesch的話所表達的思想與作者的看法是相吻合的，并沒有添加新的思想。像舉例一樣，引用其他人的觀點（正面引述也好反面引述也好）都是為了說明文章的主旨或主題，否則，引述便顯得沒必要了，引用其他人的發(fā)現或數據也是如此。從這一點也可以看出把握文章的主旨、主題與思路對正確選擇答案的重要性。70. B 文章中“march to different drummer”是一個比喻。“drummer”意為“鼓手”，“to”意為“伴著”，整個詞組的意思為：伴著一個不同的鼓手所敲出的節(jié)奏行進，即：不隨波逐流，與其他人走的道路或所持的思路不同。這是對文章主旨的一個形象總結。A強調的是毅力，而不是方法方面。C、D強調的是責任心，而不是方法方面。難句解析：Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.本句的主干是Discoveries are thought by. to do sth. or as sth.。在句中by untaught minds后面有兩個并列的用or連接起來的結構作為被認為的對象。要理解本句，就首先要知道untaught minds的是指那些“對科學實驗的艱辛過程不了解的人”；而blinding flashes指“眩目的一瞬”，其實意思相當于漢語中的“靈光一閃”。Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.本句的主干是Sir Alexander Fleming did not. look at and get the idea.。中間兩個逗號隔開的部分是一個插入成分，并不影響閱讀。要理解本句，就要對科學史有一定的了解，弗萊明爵士發(fā)明了青霉素penicillin；而there and then表示“當時當地”，用來強調人們傳說的活靈活現。Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.本句的主干是由分號隔開的兩個分句，后半句比較復雜，主語是the best players有兩個并列的謂語miss和have their shot blocked，后面有一個比較結構。復習分號的用法，就知道后半句是補充說明前半句的。The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity.本句由兩個并列句構成，前面的一個的表語比較復雜，里面還有兩個定語從句，分別修飾表語從句的主語和表語。破折號后面的結構較簡單。理解so it goes的意思是理解本句的重點，它表示“同樣的道理，同理，也一樣”。注意在本句和上一句中作者都把發(fā)明創(chuàng)造比喻為踢足球，而把發(fā)明家比喻為足球運動員。Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there is no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always be