Module4SandstormsinAsia-Grammar:Infinitive,動詞不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主語,賓語,表語,定語,狀語,賓補,不定式的用法,不定式的句法功能1.作主語:往往放在謂語動詞之后,用it作形式主語e.g.:Toseeistobelieve.Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.,作主語,Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.,Togiveupsmokingisright.,1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。,2.放棄吸煙是對的。,_withhimisagreatpleasure.A.TotalkB.TalkC.TalkedD.Totalking,本題考察動詞不定式做主語的情況,動詞不定式做主語,謂語動詞用單數形式,其他三項都不能用來做主語.本句的意思是:跟他聊天是件很快樂的事.,2.作賓語:作賓語時如果還帶有賓語補足語,往往把不定式放在補足語之后,而用it作形式賓語。e.g.:Hewantedtogo.IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.,作賓語,Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.,Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.,1.Fred沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。,2.他答應不告述任何人這事。,Ididnt_ituntilyouhadexplainedhow.A.managetodoB.managedtodoC.managetohavedoneD.managedoing,本句的意思是:直到你解釋了如何去做我才能做到成功。manage后面用todo形式作賓語。,3.做賓語補足語e.g.:Heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim.在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等詞后的補足語中,不定式不帶to。,作賓補,Sheaskedmetostayhere.,1.她叫我呆在這兒。,2.請允許我介紹Mr.White給你們。,PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.,Thegovernmentcallsonus_ourproduction.A.IncreasedB.increasingC.IncreaseD.toincrease,本句意思是:政府號召我們增加生產。本題考察動詞不定式做賓語補足語,通常用語及物動詞和一些動詞短語之后。如:wantsbtodo,wishsbtodo,asksbtodo.,注意,有些動詞后面的不定式不帶to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二聽）make,have,let（三讓）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,不定式作賓語補足語省略to的情況有下列口訣：一感二聽三讓五看半幫助。但是這些句子如果變成被動結構時,就必須帶上toe.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.,4.作定語Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.當作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點,工具等時,不定式后面必須有相應的介詞。,作定語,Doyouhaveanythingtosay?,1.你有什么要說的嗎?,2.Betty是第一個知道這真相的人,Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth,e.g.：Heislookingforaroomtolivein.當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時,不定式即可以用主動語態,也可以用被動語態。但含義有所不同。,試比較：Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么東西要（自己）寄嗎？Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么東西要（我或別人）寄嗎？,Atlast,theyfoundahouse_.A.toleavehisthingswithB.toleavehisthingsinC.leavinghisthingsinD.leavinghisthings,本句的意思是:最后他們終于找到了一間可以存放東西的屋子。當動詞不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式的地點,工具等時,不定式后面應有必要的介詞。,5.作狀語,表示目的,原因,結果或條件。e.g.:IcameheretoseeyouWewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere.Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.,目的,原因,結果,條件,作狀語,Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Imtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.,目的狀語.,原因狀語.,結果狀語,6.作表語e.g.:Myjobistohelpthepatient.注意：主,表都是不定式,前者為條件,后者為目的或結果。Tolearnalanguageistouseit.,作表語,MyjobistoteachEnglish.,Toseeistobelieve.,1.我的工作是教英語。,2.眼見為實。,Mychiefpurposeis_thedifficultiesofthematter.A.pointingoutB.tobepointedC.pointedD.topointout,本句的意思是:我的主要目的是指出問題的難處.考查動詞不定式做表語的情況。pointout是”指出”的意思。,注意,A.動詞不定式的否定式只須在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,注意,B.帶疑問詞的動詞不定式在to前加疑問詞。,Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.,Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?,注意,C.作簡短回答或避免不必要的重復時，動詞不定式常常省去to后面的動詞，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。,1.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing,Letstrysomemoreexercises.,2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,3._lateintheafternoon.Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep,4.Withalotofproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled,5.Herwishis_adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeD.beingcome,1.不定式的一般形式所表示的動作通常與謂語的動作(狀態)同時(或幾乎同時)發生,或是在它之后發生。e.g.:Isawhimgoout.(同時）Iplantoattendthemeeting.(之后）,不定式的時態和語態,2.如果謂語表示的動作發生時,不定式表示的動作正在進行,這時要用進行時。e.g.:Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.Theyseemtobetalkingaboutsomethingimportant.(不定式的動作與謂語動詞的動作總是同時發生的）,3.如果不定式的動作發生在謂語動詞之前,就要用完成時。e.g.:Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.Heseemstohaveseenthefilm.(不定式的動作在前）,4.當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般要用被動形式。e.g.:Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.Thisbookwassaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.,1.Tom_whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed,Haveatry,2.Alltheroomsinthehouserequire_.A.beingcleanedB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned,3.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told,1.不定式在介詞but,except,besides,otherthan后面時,如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do(非助動詞)的各種形式時,那么這些介詞后面的不定式不帶to,否則帶to。,but+不定式的用法,e.g.:Shecoulddonothingbutcry.Therewasnothingformetodootherthan（but)waituntilthemeetingwasover.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttowait.IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.(無事可做只有做),2.當句子的謂語動詞是cant,canthelp,cantchoose等結構時,but,except,besides后的不定式to也省略。canthelpbutdo(不得不干;不可能不干某事)cantbutdo(禁不住，情不自禁)Wecantbutadmirehisbravery.Wecantchoosebutwait.SheissuchalovelygirlthatIcanthelpbutloveher.,注意:but作“除了以外”解時,若前面部分有do,did,done時,but之后接dosth.反之,后接todosth.Hecandonothingbutwait.Hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark.,1.Sandycoulddonothingbut_tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit,Letstrysomeexercises,2.-Howdidyouspendyourweekend,Jone?-Ididntfindanythinginterestingforme_somewashinginsteadofmymother.A.butdidB.butdoC.butdoingD.buttodo,3.Thestudentsdidnothingexcept_alldaylong.A.playedB.playingC.playD.toplay,Puttheverbsinbracketsintothecorrectinfinitiveforms.Itisfrightening_(walk)intheroadinasandstorm.IhopeIreachhomesoon.2.Expertshope_(learn)moreaboutthemoveme