單元要點(diǎn)透視Section ACould you please tell me where the restrooms are?請(qǐng)你告訴我公共廁所在哪兒好嗎？ Could you please? 意思是“請(qǐng)你好嗎？”也可以寫成“Can you please?”是表示有禮貌地請(qǐng)求的交際用語，后接動(dòng)詞原形，前者比支持者更委婉。如：Could you please say it again? 請(qǐng)你再說一遍好嗎？Could you please tell me your address? 請(qǐng)告訴我你的地址好嗎？思維拓展：表示有禮貌地請(qǐng)求的句式還有： Would you please? 后接動(dòng)詞原形。如：Would you please get some water for me? 請(qǐng)你給我取點(diǎn)水好嗎？ Would you like ? 后接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：Would you like to come to my birthday party next week?請(qǐng)你下周參加我的生日晚會(huì)好嗎？ Would you mind ? 后接doing意思是“你介意嗎？”，如：Would you mind (my) smoking here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？（我在此處吸煙你介意嗎？） 在這里where引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。無論主句是陳述的還是疑問的定語從句都應(yīng)用陳述語序。如：Do you know where he lives? 你知道他住在哪兒嗎？I dont know when he will come back. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候會(huì)回來。Turn left. 向左拐。turn作為及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，向左拐或說為turn left; 也可說為turn to the left.如：You may turn right at the first crossing. 你可以在第一個(gè)十字路口向右轉(zhuǎn)。Turn to a corner, you will find the supermarket. 轉(zhuǎn)到一個(gè)拐角，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)超市。The drugstore is between the furniture store and the bookstore. 藥房在家具店和書店之間。furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“家具”。不能說a furniture, 也不能說furnitures, 表示“一件家具”，要說a piece of furniture. 如：The room has little furniture. 房間里的家具很少。There is no furniture here.這兒沒有家具。I go to the mall because my friends hang out there.我去購物中心是因?yàn)槲业呐笥褌兂Ｈツ抢镩e逛。hang out 為俚語，意思是“閑逛”。如：You shouldnt hang out alone at night.你不應(yīng)該一個(gè)人閑逛。Its dangerous for you to hang out alone everywhere. 你一個(gè)人到處閑逛是很危險(xiǎn)的。I prefer being outside. 這寧愿待在戶外。 prefer 是動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于like better,常用于prefer to 結(jié)構(gòu)中，意思是“喜歡而不喜歡；比起更喜歡”，其中to 為介詞，其后接名詞、代詞，若跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用doing形式。如：She prefers Beijing to Shanghai.她比起北京來，更喜歡上海。I prefer doing nothing to going to the cinema.我寧愿什么都不做也不愿意看電影。 prefer 后還可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語，常用于prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 中，相當(dāng)于would rather do sth. than do sth. ，意思是“寧愿做而不愿做”。如：I prefer to work rather than have a rest. 我寧愿工作也不想休息。Its also just fun to watch people.就算是只看看人也是一種快樂。 fun 作為形容詞時(shí)常用于口語中，意思是“有趣的”，通常用表語。 fun 也可作不可數(shù)名詞表示“高興、樂趣”，前面一般不加冠詞，也不能有復(fù)數(shù)形式。It is (great/ a lot of) fun to do sth. 意思是“做很有趣”sb. have (great/ a lot of) doing sth. 意思是“某人做很有趣”如：It is great fun to swim in the sea on such hot weather.這么熱的天在海里游泳真是很有趣。We are going to have lots of fun learning English this term.這學(xué)期我們將在學(xué)習(xí)英語中有很多樂趣。Its kind of small. 有點(diǎn)兒小。kind of 意思是“有幾分，有點(diǎn)兒”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞，可以修飾形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞（用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式），常用于非正式的口語中。例如：Its kind of late. 天色有點(diǎn)晚了。（接形容詞）I am kind of falling asleep on my feet.我差一點(diǎn)站著睡著了。（接動(dòng)詞）Section BWatertown is a great place for the family to take a vocation.水上樂園是全家游泳度假的好地方。 英語中常用介詞for引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語。動(dòng)詞不定式to take a vacation 在句中作名詞place 的定語，被修飾的名詞與其定語被介詞短語for the family.分隔開來。 vacation指“假期”，相當(dāng)于holiday.Teenagers will want to visit the worlds largest water slides and eat at Uncle Bobs.青少年會(huì)想去參觀世界上最大的水滑道并且去鮑勃大叔餐廳吃飯。 want 可與will 連用，但不可與be going to 連用。Will 在此作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表料想。如：I believe these girls will want to get flowers and praises on that day.我相信這些姑娘們?cè)谀且惶鞎?huì)想得到鮮花和贊揚(yáng)。名詞所有格s后的名詞如果指商店、家宅、診所等地點(diǎn)時(shí)，該名詞通常可以省略。如： at Uncle Bobs 在鮑勃大叔的餐廳。At the doctors 在診所To my uncles 去我叔叔家They have organized games and the staff dress up as clowns.他們已經(jīng)安排好游戲，工作人員都裝扮成小丑。 organize 在此為及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“組織；安排”，如：She loves to organize people.她喜歡做組織工作。Id like to organize a picnic. 我想要籌備一次野餐活動(dòng)。 the staff 此處為集體名詞，本句指其復(fù)數(shù)概念，所以謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)形式。可作集體名詞的單詞有：family, people, class, term等。 dress up as 意思是“裝扮成”，后通常接指人的名詞。如：My little sister was dressed up as a family.我的小妹妹被裝扮成仙女。If they love good food, they can find it at the Farmers Market where the food is both delicious and cheap. 如果他們喜歡美食，他們可以在農(nóng)家市場找到，那里的東西既好吃又便宜。 where 為關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中只用作狀語。因此，同樣為表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞，由于在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌氂貌煌年P(guān)系詞去代替它。例如：This is the place where he works.這是他工作的地方。（關(guān)系詞做狀語，等于in the place,要用where）This is the place, which we visited. 這是我們參觀過的地方。（關(guān)系詞做賓語，等于the place, 要用which） bothand意思是“兩者都；既又；不但而且”。人們?cè)谑褂眠@一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，both和and 后面一般都跟著相同詞類的詞。例如：He both fears and hates at once.他又怕又恨。He plays both the piano and the guitar.他既彈鋼琴，又彈吉他。（連接名詞）The little boy is both tired and hungry. 這個(gè)男孩又累又餓。（連接形容詞）He was a success both as a pianist and as a conductor.他是個(gè)出色的鋼琴家和指揮家。（連接介詞短語）both and 做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Both the teacher and the students have come.老師和學(xué)生都來了。While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.孩子們玩耍的同時(shí)，父母們可以在海灘上學(xué)習(xí)跳舞。While 為連詞，引導(dǎo)狀語從句，意思是“與同時(shí)”，主句和從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間。如：Could you look after the dog for me while I am away?我不在的時(shí)候，你能為我照看狗嗎？思維拓展：while 用作連詞時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的句子謂語只能為延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作。具體如下： 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“正當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，與同時(shí)”。如：While mother was cooking, I got home. 媽媽正在做飯時(shí)候，我到家了。（從句動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作也發(fā)生了，這時(shí)主句用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)While he was reading, I was writing.他讀書的時(shí)候，我在寫字。（從句動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作也在進(jìn)行。含有比較、對(duì)比的意思） 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于although,表示“雖然；盡管”之意。While I admit there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在，但我不同意說這些問題不能解決。 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于as long as ,表示“只要”。There will be life while there is water and air.只要有水和空氣，就會(huì)有生命。Could you please tell my if there are any good museums in Newtown?你能告訴我新城是否有博物館嗎？If 在本句中意思是“是否”，引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句，而且在正式文體中不能和or(not)連用；而whether作“是否”講時(shí)，能引導(dǎo)所有的名詞性從句，而且能和or(not)連用。如：I wonder if/whether it will be sunny tomorrow. 我知道明天是否會(huì)是晴天。I dont know whether (不能用if) I should take his advice or not.我不知道是否要接受他的勸告。Self-check and ReadingI find stamps fascinating. Ive been collecting then for many years.我發(fā)現(xiàn)郵票令人著迷。我已經(jīng)集郵多年了。 fascinating 在此用做find 的賓語補(bǔ)足語。Find做及物動(dòng)詞意思是“找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)”時(shí)，其后可直接跟名詞、代詞做賓語，可接賓語從句，也可以接復(fù)合賓語（賓語賓補(bǔ)）；其賓補(bǔ)可由現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞和介詞短語來充當(dāng)。如：We found him waiting to receive us. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正在等在那兒接我們。（現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)）He found those books (to be) very interesting.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那些書很有趣。(形容詞作賓補(bǔ))We went to her house but we found her out.我們?nèi)ニ遥l(fā)現(xiàn)她出去了。（副詞作賓補(bǔ)）Youll find it a difficult book. 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很難。（名詞作賓補(bǔ)）The worker found the machine out of order. (這位工人發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)器出了毛病) 句中Ive been collecting用的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示到現(xiàn)在為止以前的時(shí)間里一直進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作也可能仍在進(jìn)行，也可能停止了一會(huì)兒；其結(jié)構(gòu)為：have /has +V-ing。如：She has been reading novels. 她一直在讀小說。Has she been reading novels. 她一直在讀小說嗎？Yes, she has. 是的。No, she hasnt. 不，不是。Its important to use correct language, but sometimes this alone is not enough- we need to learn how to be polite when we make requests. 運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確的語言很重要，但有時(shí)僅僅這樣還不夠我們需要學(xué)會(huì)如何禮貌地提出要求。 it 是形式主語，代替后面的不定式to use correct language. Need 在本句中是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，其后的動(dòng)詞要用不定式。如：You dont need to leave so early. 你們不需要走那么早。The expressions you use might depend on whom you are speaking to or how well you know them. 你采用的表達(dá)方式可能取決于我正在和誰或是你對(duì)他們的熟悉程度。 expression 在此意思是“表達(dá)方式；措辭；詞句”，是可數(shù)名詞。此外，expression還有作不可數(shù)名詞“表達(dá)；表示”以及可數(shù)名詞“表情；臉色；聲調(diào)”等。如：She gave expression to her sadness.她流露出了悲傷之情。There is an expression of happiness on every face.每個(gè)人臉上都喜氣洋洋。 depend 為不及物動(dòng)詞，與on 或upon連用；depend在本句中意思為“依照而定”，還可以表示”依賴；信任“的意思。如：Good health depends upon good food, exercise and getting enough sleep.良好的健康狀況依賴于良好的食物、運(yùn)動(dòng)和充足的睡眠。I depend on his coming.我相信他會(huì)來。 whom 引導(dǎo)的從句和how引導(dǎo)的從句分別用作介詞on的賓語從句。How ever, in order not to offend people, lear