第第頁(yè)譯林版（2024）八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit8單元語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)講義過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)我們可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:Iwasreadingat8p.m.lastnight.昨晚八點(diǎn)我正在讀書。Whatwereyoudoinglastmonth?你上個(gè)月一直在做什么?過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“was/were+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成,否定結(jié)構(gòu)是由“was/were+not+動(dòng)詞-ing形式”構(gòu)成。如:Theboywascleaningthehouse.那個(gè)男孩在打掃房子。Wewerenotshoppingatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)侯我們沒(méi)在購(gòu)物。有些動(dòng)詞通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí),主要有:1.表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞,如love,hate,like,know等。2.部分連系動(dòng)詞,如seem、appear等。3.感官動(dòng)詞,如see,hear,smell,sound,taste等。4.短暫性動(dòng)詞,如decide、stop等。拓展：1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：1)then,atthis/thattime,at9.00lastnight…,when…,while,atteno’clockyesterday2)thismorning,thewholeday/morning,alldayyesterday,from8to10pmyesterdayevening.…etc.2.動(dòng)詞ing形式的構(gòu)成：1)大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞+ing: think→thinking2)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去-e+ing: take→taking3)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞, -ie+y+ing: lie→lying//tie→tying//die→dying4)某些以“一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,雙寫輔音字母+ing: run→running//swim→swimming//get→getting3.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1)S主語(yǔ)+was/were+verb-ing.如：Iwasdoingsomeshopping.Peoplewererunningwildly.2)否定形式：S主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+doing.wasnot=wasn’t//werenot=weren’t;如：Iwasnotreading.Peoplewerenotrunningwildly.3)一般疑問(wèn)句：將was/were調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前。結(jié)構(gòu)為:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+verb-ing?肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+wasnot/wasn’t.//werenot/weren’t.如：Washerunning?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.Weretheyrunning?Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.注意：肯定回答時(shí)主語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞不能縮寫，否定回答時(shí)be動(dòng)詞和not可以用完全形式也可以用縮寫。4)特殊疑問(wèn)句：wh-+was/were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing.特殊疑問(wèn)句的問(wèn)答，如：Whatwasthegirldoingjustnow?Shewasrunningjustnow.Whatweretheboysdoingjustnow?Theywerejumpingjustnow.Whatwasthebeardoingjustnow?Itwasskiingjustnow.4.注意：1)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由“be的某種形式+動(dòng)詞ing形式”這兩部分構(gòu)成。這時(shí)be是助動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意思，只起構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的作用。如：Wehavingbreakfastatthattime.(錯(cuò)）Wewerehavingbreakfastatthattime.(正)2)表示感覺(jué)，愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞，如：have（有），know,understand,love,like,want,hope,hear,see等一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)。3)雙寫末尾一個(gè)輔音字母再加ing形式的動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在分詞須雙寫的動(dòng)詞）有：一M一D一R加二G;一個(gè)MM點(diǎn)頭喜歡游泳。（swimming/nodding/preferring）;兩個(gè)GG慢跑著去挖掘;(jogging/digging)四N五P加十一T;四N：開(kāi)始計(jì)劃跑贏了；(beginning/planning/running/winning);五P：停止踩踏放棄拖地去購(gòu)物。(stopping/stepping/dropping/mopping/shopping);十一T：得到讓坐去聊天，遺憾的是忘記放下切割，打賭設(shè)置擊打！(getting/letting/sitting/chatting;regretting/forgetting/putting/cutting；betting/setting/hitting)4)有幾個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)詞可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)，如：begin,start,come,go,leave,arrive,return,die等。如：Mr.WangwasleavingDonghaiforBeijingatthistimeyesterday.=Mr.WangwouldleaveDonghaiforBeijingatthistimeyesterday.鞏固練習(xí)：按照要求完成下列練習(xí)。()1.She________applesinhergardenwhenI________toseeheryesterday.A.picked，wentB.waspicking，wentC.picked，wasgoingD.waspicking，wasgoing()2.—Whydidn’tyoucomeandopenthedoorforme,dear?—Oh,sorry,I________inthekitchen.Ididn’thearyou.A.cookedB.wouldcookC.wascookingD.amcooking ()3._______theBlacks________TVatsevenyesterday?A.Did;watchB.Was,watchingC.Were;watchingD.Do;watch()4.Asshe_______thenewspaper,Granny________asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading；fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell5.MybrothercameintothebedroomwhileI__________(dance).6.Icalledyouat4:00yesterdayafternoon,butnooneanswered.Sorry,I_____________(swim)withmyfriendsatthattime.7.Whenyou____________(knock)atthedooryesterday,I_____________(do)somewashing.8.Whilemymother________________(watch)TV,I_______________(make)akite.9.Theboywascleaningthehouse.(改為否定句)Theboy______________________thehouse.Theboy_____________thehouse.10.Wewerehavingbreakfastatthattime.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，并作肯定回答)_________you__________breakfastatthattime?_________,__________________.答案：1-4：BCCB5.wasdancing;6.wasswimming;7.knocked,wasdoing;8.waswatching,wasmaking;9.wasnotcleaning；wasn’tcleaning10.Were,having;Yes,wewere.when,while和as的用法when,while和as這三個(gè)詞均有“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”的意思。如:Therewerealreadymanypeopleinthemeetingroomwhenhearrived.他到場(chǎng)時(shí)會(huì)議室已有很多人。WhileMilliewaswatchingTV,hermumwassleeping.米莉在看電視時(shí)她媽媽在睡覺(jué)。IsawatrafficaccidentasIwasridingtoschoolthismorning.今天早晨我騎車上學(xué)時(shí)看見(jiàn)一起交通事故。when和as既可以指某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間,也可以指某一段時(shí)間,其引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作既可以是瞬間性的,也可以是延續(xù)性的;while指一段時(shí)間,其引導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。指一段時(shí)間時(shí),when,while和as都可用；指一點(diǎn)時(shí)間時(shí)，只能用when或as,不能用while。試比較:When/Ashewokeup,itwaseighto'clock.(√)Whilehewokeup,itwaseighto'clock.(x)When/While/AsIwaswaitingforabus,Imether.(√)當(dāng)某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),又發(fā)生了另一動(dòng)作,我們常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示正在進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示短動(dòng)作,此時(shí)when,while,as.都可以連接主從句,構(gòu)成“一般過(guò)去時(shí)+when/while/as+過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作成為一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的“背景”。這種情況下,連詞when,while,as既可位于句中,也可位于句首。如:Itbegantorainheavilywhen/while/aswewerehavingdinner.我們?cè)诔酝盹垥r(shí),開(kāi)始下起大雨。(havedinner為長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作)When/While/Aswewerereading,astrangercamein.當(dāng)我們正在看書時(shí),一個(gè)陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。(read為長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作)談?wù)搩蓚€(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作(事件、情況),常用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)+while+過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。while也可位于句首。如:Theywererowingboatswhilewewereclimbingthehill.當(dāng)我們?cè)谂郎綍r(shí)他們?cè)趧澊hileshewasmakingaphonecall,Iwaswritinganemail.當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí),我正在寫一封電子郵件。強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),另一個(gè)動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生,常用“過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)+when+一般過(guò)去時(shí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Iwaswalkinginthestreetwhenhecalledme.他打電話給我時(shí),我正走在街上。當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí),只能用as。此時(shí)as有“隨著…”“一邊……，一邊……”的意思。如:Asyearsgoby,Chinaisgettingricherandstronger.隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去,中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。Thelittlegirlssangastheyplayed.小姑娘們一邊玩,一邊唱。鞏固練習(xí)：用“when/while/as”填空。

1._________youmeetaw