B3U4ReadingChinesescientistwins2015NobelPrize中國科學(xué)家榮獲2015年諾貝爾獎TuYouyouhasbecomethefirstfemalescientistofthePeople’sRepublicofChinatoreceiveaNobelPrize,awardedforhercontributiontothefightagainstmalaria,oneofthedeadliestdiseasesinhumanhistory.Thankstoherdiscoveryofqinghaosu,malariapatientsallovertheworldnowhavehadagreatlyincreasedchanceofsurvival.屠呦呦成為中華人民共和國首位獲得諾貝爾獎的女科學(xué)家。她獲獎是因?yàn)樗秊榭箵舣懠菜龀龅呢暙I(xiàn)——瘧疾是人類歷史上最致命的疾病之一。得益于她發(fā)現(xiàn)的青蒿素，如今全世界瘧疾患者的存活率大大提高。

Bornin1930,inNingbo,ZhejiangProvince,TustudiedmedicineatuniversityinBeijingbetween1951and1955.Aftergraduation,sheworkedattheAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine.ShecompletedfurthertrainingcoursesintraditionalChinesemedicine,acquiringabroadknowledgeofbothtraditionalChinesemedicineandWesternmedicine.1930年，屠呦呦出生于浙江寧波。1951年至1955年，屠呦呦在北京讀大學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)藥學(xué)。畢業(yè)后，她在中醫(yī)研究院工作。她完成了中醫(yī)領(lǐng)域的培訓(xùn)課程深造，獲得了廣泛的中西醫(yī)知識。Tu’seducationwassoontoproveveryuseful.Inthe1960s,manypeopleweredyingofmalaria,andin1969Tubecameheadofateamthatintendedtofindacureforthedisease.Shecollectedover2,000traditionalChinesemedicalrecipesformalariatreatmentandmadehundredsofextractsfromdifferentherbs.Whentheyfailedtoproduceanypromisingresults,TureferredtotheancientbooksoftraditionalChinesemedicineagain.屠呦呦接受的教育很快被證明非常有用。20世紀(jì)60年代，許多人死于瘧疾，于是1969年屠呦呦擔(dān)任了一個旨在找到瘧疾療法的小組組長。她收集了2,000多種治療瘧疾的中藥配方，并從不同的草藥中獲取了數(shù)百種提取物。當(dāng)這些未能取得任何有希望的效果時(shí)，屠呦呦就再次查閱中醫(yī)典籍。Inspiredbyanover1,600-year-oldtextaboutpreparingqinghaoextractwithcoldwater,Turedesignedtheexperimentsandtriedextractingtheherbatalowtemperatureinordernottodamageitseffectivepart.On4October1971,after190failures,shesucceededinmakingqinghaoextractthatcouldtreatmalariainmice.在一本1,600多年前的典籍中，關(guān)于用冷水制備青蒿提取物的記載給了屠呦呦啟發(fā)，她重新設(shè)計(jì)了試驗(yàn)，并嘗試在低溫下對這種草藥進(jìn)行提取，以不損害其有效成分。1971年10月4日，在歷經(jīng)190次失敗之后，她成功制備出可以治療老鼠瘧疾的青蒿提取物。However,itwashardtoproduceenoughqinghaoextractforlargetrials

becauseresearchresourceswerelimited.Tuandherteammanagedto

findsolutionstotheproblem.Whentherewasnoresearchequipment,theyhadtoextractherbsusinghouseholdwatercontainers.Theyworkeddayandnightandtheirhealthbegantosufferbecauseofthepoorconditions,buttheynevergaveup.然而，由于研究資源有限，很難制造出足夠的青蒿提取物用于大規(guī)模試驗(yàn)。屠呦呦團(tuán)隊(duì)成功找到了解決這個問題的方法。當(dāng)時(shí)沒有研究設(shè)備，他們只好用家用儲水的容器來提取草藥。他們夜以繼日地工作，由于條件惡劣，他們的健康開始受損，但卻從未放棄。Evenwith

largeamountsofqinghaoextractproduced,however,theystillfacedanotherproblem.Thetrialsonpatientswerelikelytobepostponedbecausetheydidnothavesufficientsafetydata.To

speeduptheprocessandensureitssafety,Tuandherteamvolunteeredto

testqinghaoextractonthemselvesfirst.然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他們?nèi)匀幻媾R著另外一個問題。由于沒有足夠的安全數(shù)據(jù)，對患者的試驗(yàn)可能會推遲。為了加快進(jìn)度并保證其安全性，屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)自愿先在他們自己身上試驗(yàn)青蒿提取物。TheeffortsofTuandherteamfinallypaidoff.InNovember1972,throughtrialanderror,theysuccessfullydiscoveredqinghaosu—themosteffectivepartoftheqinghaoextract.Asakeypartofmanymalariamedicines,qinghaosuhassincebenefitedabout200millionmalariapatients.Morethan40yearsafteritsdiscovery,TuwaseventuallyawardedaNobelPrizeforherwork.屠呦呦團(tuán)隊(duì)的努力最終得到了回報(bào)。1972年11月，經(jīng)過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，他們成功發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素——青蒿提取物中最有效的成分。作為許多抗瘧藥物中的關(guān)鍵成分，青蒿素迄今已經(jīng)造福了近2億瘧疾患者。在發(fā)現(xiàn)青蒿素40多年后，屠呦呦終于因此獲得了諾貝爾獎。InherNobelLecture,sheencouragedscientiststofurtherexplorethetreasurehouseoftraditionalChinesemedicineandraiseittoahigherlevel.Perhapsthenextgenerationofscientists,drawingonthewisdomoftraditionalChinesemedicine,willindeeddiscovermoremedicinesbeneficialtoglobalhealthcare.在她的獲獎演講上，屠呦呦鼓勵科學(xué)家們進(jìn)一步探索中醫(yī)這座寶庫，并讓其更上一層樓。也許新一代的科學(xué)家汲取中醫(yī)的智慧，確實(shí)能發(fā)現(xiàn)更多有益于全世界醫(yī)療的藥物。Itwasnotuntil…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)句e.g.:①Hedidn’trealizehismistakeuntilhispartnerpointeditout.→Notuntilhispartnerpointeditout__________________________.→Itwas____________________________that___________________.②Wedidn’tcomebackhomeuntilwegottheresult.→→notuntil直到…才…【位于句首，句子要部分倒裝】didherealizehismistakenotuntilhispartnerpointeditoutherealizedhismistakeNotuntilwegottheresultdidwecomebackhome.Itwasnotuntilwegottheresultthatwecamebackhome.without引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句類別從句謂語動詞主句謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式(be用were)would/could/might+動原與過去事實(shí)相反haddonewould/could/might+havedone與將來事實(shí)相反過去式(be用were)would/could/might+動原should+動原wereto+動原if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的用法：e.g.:①Iftheapartmenthadbeencoveredwithcarpet,Iwouldhavehadtospendalotoftimehavingthecarpetcleaned.(課課練B3U2P54)without引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬條件句e.g.:①Iftheapartmenthadbeencoveredwithcarpet,Iwouldhavehadtospendalotoftimehavingthecarpetcleaned.(課課練B3U2P54)②IwishIhadhadachancetotalktoyoulastnight,butyouleftsoearly.(教材B3U1P6)③HetalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeentherebefore．④Withoutyoursincereandgeneroushelp,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.intend(vt.&vi.)想要,計(jì)劃;意指e.g.:①Theyintended________(go)onahoneymoonafterthewedding.②I,aswellasmyfriends,hadintendedtohaveatripaftergraduation,butweendedupfindingajobfirst.③Theprogramwassetup_____theintentionofhelpingthehomeless.④Theschoolbeingbuiltatpresentissaidtobeintended____thedisabledchildren.(1)intendtodosth打算做某事intendsbtodosth打算讓某人做某事hadintendedtodosth原本打算做某事(2)intended(adj.)打算的;為…打算/設(shè)計(jì)的;計(jì)劃的beintendedtodosth目的是…beintendedforsb/sth專門為…設(shè)計(jì)的(3)intention(n.)意圖,目的;企圖withan/theintentionof抱有…的目的;打算…h(huán)avean/nointentionofdoing有/沒有做…的打算togowithforreferto查閱,參考;提到,談及e.g.:①Thescientistreferredtothediscovery____themostexcitingnewdevelopmentinthisfield.②Asthesituationwasunusual,hereferredthematter____theeditor.③Shemadeno_______(refer)toherillnessbutonlytoherfutureplans.④如果你不理解某些單詞，可以查詞典。(1)referto…as…把…稱作…refer…to…把…提交給…(2)reference(n.)談及;提及;參考;查閱makereferenceto提及referencebook參考書Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomewords,youcanrefertothedictionary.

astoreferencelimited(adj.)有限的e.g.:①Hewasbornintoapoorfamily,andonlyreceivedlimitededucationinhischildhood.②Readingsatisfiesmydesiretokeeplearning.AndI’vefoundthatthepossibilitiesthatliewithinbooksarelimitless.③Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimited____400wordsorso.④Withhardworkanddetermination,there’snolimittowhatyoucanachieve.(1)limit(vt.)限制(n.)限制;極限;界限limit…to…把…限制在…內(nèi)beyondthelimit超出限度