高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1江蘇省南通市海安市2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期4月期中英語試題第一部分：聽力（略）第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheAustralia’sonlyheritage-listedwildlifereserveissituatedinnaturalbushlandandalivewithnativewildlife.ItislocatedjustanhourbycarfromSydney.Yourscheduleataglance(minimumoneweek-maximumfourweeks):ArrivalDay,Sunday:ArriveatSydneyKingsfordSmithInternationalAirport.YouwillbepickedupfromtheairportandsettleintoyournewhomeinCalga.Days1—5,Monday—Friday(8amto5pm):Meettheranger(園林管理員)teamandtheanimals.Learnhowthereserveoperatesandhowtofindyourwayaround.Arangerwillworkwithyou.Typicaltasksincludefoodpreparationanddailycleaningfortheanimals.Youalsoneedtomonitorgeneralmaintenance,bushregeneration(再生),andwhateverelseneedstobedone.Day6—7,Saturday&Sunday:Ifitistheendofyourprogram,SaturdayisadayoffandSundayyoudepartinthemorning.TheteamwilldriveyoutoGosfordStationandhelpyouuselocalonlinetransportappssoyoucanplanyourconnectionwithflightsoronwardtravel.Ifyou’reextending,youcanchoosehowtospendtheweekend.RestinthereserveorgotoexplorethelocalareaorSydney.JumponthefreeshuttletoGosfordStationonFridaymorning.Alternatively,youcanarrangeataxiatadifferenttime(taxisareatyourowncost).Remainingweeks:TheremainingweeksfollowtheschedulefromMondaytoFridaywithweekendsfree.Wanttojointheprogram?Clickhere/area/volunteer-in-australasia/1.Whatcanyoudointhereserve?A.Revisetherulesofrunningthereserve.B.Feedanimalsanddocleaningforthem.C.Workoutthedailyscheduleforparticipants.D.Giveanimalsaphysicalcheck-upbyyourself.2.Howcanyouspendtheweekendsduringtheprogram?A.Havingaguidedtourbycar. B.Takingataxitotravelforfree.C.Leavingthereserveforcefully. D.HeadingouttoSydneybyshuttle.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TopromotethewildlifereserveinAustralia.B.Toinformthetravelingscheduleforvisitors.C.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingwildlife.D.Toadvocatevolunteersparticipatingintheprogram.【答案】1.B2.D3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了澳大利亞一個(gè)野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)的志愿者項(xiàng)目，詳細(xì)說明了工作內(nèi)容及日程安排。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Days1—5部分的“Typicaltasksincludefoodpreparationanddailycleaningfortheanimals.(平常的任務(wù)包括為動物準(zhǔn)備食物和進(jìn)行日常清潔)”可知，志愿者可以在保護(hù)區(qū)給動物喂食，給它們做清潔。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day6—7部分的“RestinthereserveorgotoexplorethelocalareaorSydney.JumponthefreeshuttletoGosfordStationonFridaymorning.(留在保護(hù)區(qū)休息，或是去探索當(dāng)?shù)鼗蛳つ岬娘L(fēng)景。周五早上可以搭乘免費(fèi)班車前往戈斯福德車站)”可知，志愿者可以在項(xiàng)目期間乘坐班車前往悉尼度過周末。故選D項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“Wanttojointheprogram?Clickhere/area/volunteer-in-australasia/(想加入這個(gè)項(xiàng)目嗎？點(diǎn)擊此處/area/volunteer-in-australasia/)”可知，文章主要介紹志愿者在澳大利亞一個(gè)野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)的工作內(nèi)容及日程安排，并附上報(bào)名鏈接。由此可知，其目的是招募志愿者參與該項(xiàng)目。故選D項(xiàng)。BJordanChiles,atwo-timeOlympianandthree-timeWorldChampionshipmedalist,hasmadehistoryaspartofthefirstall-Blackgroupofgymnaststomedalatthe2022U.S.GymnasticsChampionships.Twoyearslater,sherepeatedtheaccomplishmentattheParisOlympics,whereshehelpedTeamUSAwingoldandChilesclaimedbronzeforherfloorroutine.However,notallofChiles’shistory-makingmomentshavebeencelebratory.ShortlyafterearningherindividualOlympicmedal,theCourtofArbitrationforSport(CAS)removedherfromthebronze,arguingthataninquiryfromhercoachCecileLandichallengingherroutine’sdifficultyratingthatincreasedherscorehadn’tbeenmadewithintheone-minutedeadline.ThiscontroversialdecisionmadeChilesheartbroken,andshesharestheemotionaljourneyinhermemoir(回憶錄),I’mThatGirl:LivingthePowerofMyDreams.Inhernewmemoir,sheopensupaboutstrugglesfewknew.Asagymnastwithamoremuscularbody,sheencounteredself-imageissues,worsenedbyharmfulcommentsandunequaljudging.Shealsorevealstheemotionalabuseshesufferedfromaformercoach,referredtoas“CoachX,”whocriticizedherbodyandcausedhertodevelopaneatingdisorder.Despitethesechallenges,Chilesfoundsupportinherfamilyandfriends,includingfellowgymnastSimoneBiles.BilesencouragedhertotrainattheWorldChampionsCentreafterChilesleftCoachX.Theirbondstrengthenedfurtherthroughsharedexperiences,especiallyaftertheabusecaseinvolvingLarryNassar,thoughChilesandBilesneveropenlydiscussedit.Chiles’sjourneyalsoinvolvedstrugglingwithdarkmoments,includingsuicidalthoughtsafterasetbackinhercareer.Butthroughitall,shehasfoundstrengthandhealing.“EverythingthathappenedshapedwhoIamtoday—afighterstillstanding.”Now,shehopesherstoryhelpsothersfeelempoweredtospeakoutabouttheirstruggles.HavingmovedonfromtheOlympicruling,Chilesisfocusedonherfuture,balancinghercollegelifeatUCLAwhilekeepingthedooropenforapotentialreturntotheOlympicsin2028.“I’mjustlikeyou,”shewrites.“Tryingtostriveforgreatness.”4.WhywasChiles’bronzemedaltakenawayaftertheParisOlympics?A.Hercoach’sinquiryaboutherscorewassubmittedtoolate.B.Shefailedtomeetthedifficultyrequirementsofherroutine.C.Shedisobeyedcompetitionrulesregardingherperformance.D.ShelifteddifficultylevelswithoutthepermissionoftheCAS.5.Whatwasthelittle-knownstruggleChilessharedinhermemoir?A.Withdrawalofthebronze. B.Physicalandmentalsuffering.C.Severeinjuriesduringthetraining. D.Thecoach’scriticismforherirregulardiet.6.WhatdoesChiles’sstorymainlywanttoconvey?A.Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.B.Lifejourneyisfullofunavoidablehardship.C.Truestrengthgrowswherelovedonessupport.D.Opportunitiesalwaysfavorthepreparedminds.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.JordanChiles’sMemoir:AGuidetoOlympicSuccessB.TheDarkSideofCompetitiveSports:AbuseandUnfairJudgingC.TheRiseofaGymnasticsChampion:JordanChiles’OlympicJourneyD.OvercomingAdversity:JordanChiles’sFightforStrengthandHealing【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了奧運(yùn)體操選手JordanChiles經(jīng)歷了獎牌被收回、情感虐待與心理低谷，但她憑借堅(jiān)韌和親友支持走出陰影，并通過自傳激勵他人。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ShortlyafterearningherindividualOlympicmedal,theCourtofArbitrationforSport(CAS)removedherfromthebronze,arguingthataninquiryfromhercoachCecileLandichallengingherroutine’sdifficultyratingthatincreasedherscorehadn’tbeenmadewithintheone-minutedeadline.(在獲得個(gè)人奧運(yùn)獎牌后不久，體育仲裁法庭(CAS)取消了她的銅牌成績，理由是她的教練CecileLandi對其動作難度評分的申訴未在一分鐘截止時(shí)間內(nèi)提交，而該申訴提高了她的得分。)”可知，巴黎奧運(yùn)會后Chiles的銅牌被取消是因?yàn)樗慕叹氷P(guān)于她分?jǐn)?shù)的申訴提交得太晚。故選A項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inhernewmemoir,sheopensupaboutstrugglesfewknew.Asagymnastwithamoremuscularbody,sheencounteredself-imageissues,worsenedbyharmfulcommentsandunequaljudging.Shealsorevealstheemotionalabuseshesufferedfromaformercoach,referredtoas“CoachX,”whocriticizedherbodyandcausedhertodevelopaneatingdisorder.(在她的新回憶錄中，她首次袒露了鮮為人知的掙扎。作為一名肌肉更發(fā)達(dá)的體操運(yùn)動員，她長期飽受自我形象問題的困擾，而充滿惡意的評論和不公正的評判更是雪上加霜。她還揭露了前教練“X教練”對她的情感虐待——對方不僅對她的身材百般挑剔，還導(dǎo)致她患上了飲食失調(diào)癥。)”和最后一段中“Chiles’sjourneyalsoinvolvedstrugglingwithdarkmoments,includingsuicidalthoughtsafterasetbackinhercareer.(在職業(yè)生涯遭遇挫折后，她甚至一度產(chǎn)生輕生念頭，經(jīng)歷了人生至暗時(shí)刻。)”可知，Chiles在回憶錄中分享的不為人知的掙扎是身體和心理上的痛苦。故選B項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要講述Chiles如何克服獎牌被收、虐待、自殺念頭這些困難，并變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的故事，以及最后一段中“Butthroughitall,shehasfoundstrengthandhealing.“EverythingthathappenedshapedwhoIamtoday—afighterstillstanding.”(但歷經(jīng)磨難，她最終找到了力量與治愈。“所有經(jīng)歷塑造了今天的我——一個(gè)依然挺立的斗士。”)”可知，經(jīng)歷逆境淬煉的Chiles變得更為強(qiáng)大。由此可知，她的故事主要想傳達(dá)“那些殺不死你的，終將使你更強(qiáng)大”。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段中“Butthroughitall,shehasfoundstrengthandhealing.“EverythingthathappenedshapedwhoIamtoday—afighterstillstanding.”(但歷經(jīng)磨難，她最終找到了力量與治愈。“所有經(jīng)歷塑造了今天的我——一個(gè)依然挺立的斗士。”)”可知，文章聚焦Chiles的掙扎和她的韌性，講述了她在經(jīng)歷一系列低谷后，憑借堅(jiān)韌和親友支持走出陰影，并通過自傳激勵他人的故事。因此，D項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)勝逆境：JordanChiles的力量與治愈之路”最全面概括了JordanChile的故事，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選D項(xiàng)。CCansciencefictiontellusaboutthefuture?Settingasidealiensandspaceships,muchcontemporarysciencefictionisconcernedwiththemessuchastheimpactofartificialintelligence,thedangerofecologicalcollapseandthemisuseofcorporatepower.Inallthesecases,sciencefictionwritersaretakingadvantageofthefreedomthatthistypeofwritinggivesthemtothinkaboutongoingconcernsandpicturewhattheymightleadtointhefuture,comingtosurprisingandthought-provokingconclusions.Allofthosedohavesomepredictivevalue.Itmeanssciencefictioncanplayausefulroleasawaytopredicttechnological,socialandpoliticaltrends—butinthenearterm,notthedistantfutureinwhichitisoftenset.Thisisthefirstofthreewaysinwhichsciencefictioncangiveusaglimpseofthefuture.Thesecondisthatitcanhelpbroadenthemindwhenassessingfuturescenarios(設(shè)想)forplanningpurposes,bothingovernmentandinbusiness.France’sDefenceInnovationAgencyissettingupa“redteam”ofsci-fiwriterstoproposescenariosthatmightnothaveoccurredtomilitaryplanners.Arup,anengineeringfirm,commissionedTimMaughan,ascience-fictionwriter,tocreatefourscenariosofwhateverydaylifemightlooklikeasaresultofclimatechange.TechgiantsincludingGoogle,MicrosoftandApplehavealsoemployedsci-fiwritersasconsultants,usingaprocesssometimescalled“designfiction.”Andthenthethirdoneismoredirect:byinspiringpeopleinthetechindustrywhowanttomakethesefictionsareality.ThecreationofthemobilephoneatMotorolawasmotivatedbythehandheldwirelesscommunicatorsfromStarTrek,andAmazon’sAlexavoice-assistantbythetalkingcomputerontheEnterprise.TheKindlewasinspiredbyanelectronic-bookdeviceinNealStephenson’snovelTheDiamondAge,andanentireindustryistryingtobringtolifethevirtualworldhedescribedinSnowCrash.Thefuturetechnologyleadersarecertainlyreadingsciencefictiontoday.8.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsciencefiction?A.Itfocusesmainlyonaliensandspaceships.B.Itexplorescurrentissuestoimaginethefuture.C.Itaddressesthecontemporaryexistingproblems.D.Itaimstopredicttechnologicalprogressinthefuture.9.Whydothegovernmentandthebusinesshiresci-fiwriters?A.Togivesupporttotheircreations.B.Tobetterunderstandsciencefiction.C.Tobenefitfromtheirexpansiveimagination.D.Toenhancetheirinfluenceandcommercialvalue.10.Howdoesthelastparagraphshowtheimpactofsciencefiction?A.Bylistingmainpoints. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Byexplainingaconcept.11.Whatisthemainideaaboutthetext?A.Whyissciencefictiongainingpopularity?B.Sciencefictionprovidesinsightsintothefuture.C.Howdoessciencefictionbroadenpeople’svision?D.Sciencefictionservesasaninspirationforinventions.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科幻小說通過推演現(xiàn)實(shí)問題的發(fā)展趨勢、輔助戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和直接激發(fā)科技創(chuàng)新，為人類提供了多維度預(yù)見未來的獨(dú)特視角。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Itmeanssciencefictioncanplayausefulroleasawaytopredicttechnological,socialandpoliticaltrends—butinthenearterm,notthedistantfutureinwhichitisoftenset.(這意味著科幻小說可以作為一種預(yù)測技術(shù)、社會和政治趨勢的有效工具——但這種預(yù)測更側(cè)重于近期發(fā)展，而非故事中常見的遙遠(yuǎn)未來)”可知，作者認(rèn)為科幻小說探索當(dāng)前問題以想象未來。故選B項(xiàng)。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Thesecondisthatitcanhelpbroadenthemindwhenassessingfuturescenarios(設(shè)想)forplanningpurposes,bothingovernmentandinbusiness.(第二種方式是，科幻小說能夠幫助政府和企業(yè)拓寬思維，更好地評估未來情景以制定規(guī)劃)”可知，政府和企業(yè)雇傭科幻作家，是為了拓展思維邊界，從這些作家廣闊的想象力中受益。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThecreationofthemobilephoneatMotorolawasmotivatedbythehandheldwirelesscommunicatorsfromStarTrek,andAmazon’sAlexavoice-assistantbythetalkingcomputerontheEnterprise.TheKindlewasinspiredbyanelectronic-bookdeviceinNealStephenson’snovelTheDiamondAge,andanentireindustryistryingtobringtolifethevirtualworldhedescribedinSnowCrash.(摩托羅拉發(fā)明手機(jī)是受到《星際迷航》中手持無線通訊器的啟發(fā)，亞馬遜的Alexa語音助手則源自“企業(yè)號”飛船上的智能電腦。Kindle電子閱讀器的靈感來自NealStephenson的小說《鉆石時(shí)代》中的電子書設(shè)備，而整個(gè)科技行業(yè)都在努力將他筆下《雪崩》中描繪的虛擬世界變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí))”可推知，最后一段通過列舉摩托羅拉手機(jī)、亞馬遜的Alexa、Kindle等實(shí)例，體現(xiàn)科幻作品的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Allofthosedohavesomepredictivevalue.(所有這些確實(shí)都具有一定的預(yù)測價(jià)值)”、“Thisisthefirstofthreewaysinwhichsciencefictioncangiveusaglimpseofthefuture.(這是科幻小說能讓我們窺見未來的三種方式中的第一種)”、第三段中“Thesecondisthatitcanhelpbroadenthemindwhenassessingfuturescenarios(設(shè)想)forplanningpurposes,bothingovernmentandinbusiness.(第二種方式是，科幻小說能夠幫助政府和企業(yè)拓寬思維，更好地評估未來情景以制定規(guī)劃)”和最后一段中“Andthenthethirdoneismoredirect:byinspiringpeopleinthetechindustrywhowanttomakethesefictionsareality.(而第三種方式則更為直接：通過激勵科技行業(yè)的從業(yè)者，讓他們將這些虛構(gòu)構(gòu)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，全文通過三個(gè)層面，即預(yù)測趨勢、拓展規(guī)劃思維、直接啟發(fā)技術(shù)，說明科幻小說為人們提供了對未來的洞見。故選B項(xiàng)。DFreedivingisahigh-risksport.Divers,swimmingunderwaterwithoutoxygentanks,frequentlyblackoutfromlowoxygenandputthemselvesatriskofdrowning.Marinemammalssuchasseals,bycontrast,canspendmostoftheirlivesbelowthesurfacewithoutsuchrisks.Sealscanholdtheirbreathfor20to30minutesonaverageandsomeevenforoveranhour.AMarch20thSciencepaperexplainswhy:sealscanapparentlysensehowmuchoxygentheyhaveintheirbloodandplantheiractionsaccordingly.Whenamammalholdsitsbreath,oxygenlevelsdropwhilecarbondioxiderises.Inhumanslowoxygenmostlydoesnotringanyalarmbellsontheirown—instead,highlevelsofcarbondioxideeventuallyproducetheunpleasanturgetobreathe.Assealsdivemorefrequently—andforlonger—thanhumansdo,therangeofcarbondioxideintheirbodiesvariesmorewidely.ThatledChrisMcKnight,amarinebiologist,towonderiftheanimalscouldalsosenseoxygen.Totestthis,heandhisteamplacedsixwild-caughtsealsinatankcontaininganunderwaterfeedingstationandabreathingchamber(forsurfacing)atoppositeends.Theairinthatchamberwasthensettooneoffourconditions:normalair(21%oxygenand0.04%carbondioxide,plusothergases);airwithreducedoxygen(11%);elevatedoxygen(50%);andelevatedcarbondioxide(8%).Ifthesealswere,likehumans,moresensitivetocarbondioxide,theirbehaviorwouldbeidenticalinallbutthefinalcondition.Theresultssuggestedotherwise.Withmoreoxygen,thesealsextendedtheirdivesbyanaverageof14seconds.Theyshortenedthembyroughlyhalfaminutewithlessoxygen.Highcarbondioxidelevels,bycontrast,hadnosignificanteffect.Dr.McKnightsuggeststhattheabilitytosenselowoxygenmaybecommoninmarinemammals,possiblyasadefenseagainstdrowning.Moreresearchisneededtounderstandhowwidespreadthisabilityisandhowdivinganimalsperceiveoxygen.Whileexpertdiversusethesensationofanapproachingblack-outfromlowoxygenasacuetoresurface,howsealsdothisisstillamystery.12.Theunderlinedphrase“blackout”inparagraph1mostlikelymeans_______.A.turnpale B.sinkslowly C.stopbreathing D.passout13.WhatmotivatesChrisMcKnighttostudyoxygen-sensingabilityofseals?A.Loweroxygentoleranceinhumandivers.B.Seals’abilitytodiveforextendedperiods.C.Seals’widevariationsinCO2levelsduringdives.D.Humans’strongreactiontorisingcarbondioxide.14.Whatistrueaccordingtoparagraph3andparagraph4?A.Elevatedoxygenlengthensseals’diveduration.B.Lowoxygencausessealstodive14secondslonger.C.SealsprioritizeCO2sensitivityoveroxygendetection.D.Seals’reactionswerepresumedexactlyequaltohumans’.15.Whichremainsunknownaboutsealsaccordingtothetext?A.Thedurationofholdingtheirbreath.B.Thereasonwhytheycandivesafely.C.Theabilitytoadjustthetimingofresurfacing.D.Themechanismfortriggeringtheirresurfacing.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究表明，海豹能感知血氧水平并據(jù)此規(guī)劃潛水行為，但觸發(fā)其浮出水面的具體機(jī)制仍然未知。【12題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Divers,swimmingunderwaterwithoutoxygentanks(潛水員，在沒有氧氣罐的情況下在水下游泳)”和下文“l(fā)owoxygenandputthemselvesatriskofdrowning(低氧并使自己處于溺水的危險(xiǎn)之中)”可知，此處是描述自由潛水員因缺氧而失去意識的場景，對比選項(xiàng)可知，“昏厥”最符合這種因缺氧導(dǎo)致的短暫意識喪失的情況。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Assealsdivemorefrequently—andforlonger—thanhumansdo,therangeofcarbondioxideintheirbodiesvariesmorewidely.ThatledChrisMcKnight,amarinebiologist,towonderiftheanimalscouldalsosenseoxygen.(由于海豹比人類潛水更頻繁、時(shí)間更長，它們體內(nèi)的二氧化碳含量變化也更大。這讓海洋生物學(xué)家ChrisMcKnight想知道這些動物是否也能感知氧氣)”可知，海豹潛水時(shí)體內(nèi)二氧化碳水平變化范圍更大，這引發(fā)McKnight思考海豹是否能感知氧氣。故選C項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Withmoreoxygen,thesealsextendedtheirdivesbyanaverageof14seconds.(有了更多的氧氣，海豹的潛水時(shí)間平均延長了14秒)”可知，高氧延長了海豹的潛水時(shí)間。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Whileexpertdiversusethesensationofanapproachingblack-outfromlowoxygenasacuetoresurface,howsealsdothisisstillamystery.(雖然專業(yè)潛水員會利用低氧導(dǎo)致的即將昏厥的感覺作為浮出水面的線索，但海豹是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的仍然是個(gè)謎)”可知，觸發(fā)海豹重新浮出水面的機(jī)制仍然未知。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Nexttimeyou’repushingthroughtheburnofaworkout,rememberthatexercisecanalsobearemedy(療法).Researchindicatesthatitservesasaneffectiveapproachtofightingchronicinflammation,particularlyamongthosewithphysicallyinactivehabits.___16___Itcanbeginwithaninfectionorinjurybutevolveintoalastingstate.Thentheimmunesystemattackshealthytissuegradually.Thisprocessraisesdiseaserisksandcontributestotiredness,depression,orbrainfog.Thescientificevidenceisclearthatsedentary(久坐的)peopletendtohavehigherlevelsofinflammationcomparedwithpeoplewhoexerciseregularly.___17___Someresearchersbelievethatexercise’spowertofightinflammationmayevenbeattheheartofwhyphysicalactivityissoeffectiveatprotectingusagainstotherchronicconditions.Whilesomefindingshighlightexercise’santi-inflammatorypower,maximizingitseffectsrequiresstrategicapproaches.___18___Forexample,a20-minutewalkorjogeverydayregularlycansparktemporaryanti-inflammatoryeffects.Mostmoderate-intensityexercisereducesinflammationshort-term,butstickingwithitiskey.High-intensityexerciseitselfproducesatemporarysurge(激增)ininflammation.___19___Forsimilarreasons,youshouldavoidovertraining,sincerepeatedintenseworkoutswithoutappropriaterecoverycanheightenyourlevelsofinflammationandweakenyourimmunesystem.Ifpossible,prioritizestrengthtraining.Peoplewithchronicinflammationtendtolosemusclemassmorerapidlyastheyagethanthosewithlessinflammation.Sostrengthtrainingmaybeespeciallyimportantforthemtoremainmobileandindependent.Itisrecommendedthatadultsmaketimeforatleasttwostrength-trainingsessionsperweek.___20___Thiscombinedapproachnotonlybuildsmusclebutalsointerruptschronicinflammatorypathways.A.Soit’simportanttoproperlyhealbetweenworkouts.B.Findingshaveconfirmedthatworkoutscanhelpyourelaxed.C.Chronicinflammationisamildconditionthatcanpersistforyears.D.Butoncetheystartmovingconsistently,thelevelsgenerallydecline.E.Sometimesinflammationservesavitalfunctioninkeepingyouhealthy.F.Itishowyouexercisenotjustwhetheryouexercisethatplaysacriticalrole.G.Suchtrainingtargetsinflammation-causingcells,especiallywithaerobicexercise.【答案】16.C17.D18.F19.A20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了運(yùn)動能有效對抗慢性炎癥，但需通過科學(xué)策略來優(yōu)化效果，同時(shí)避免過度訓(xùn)練引發(fā)的炎癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。【16題詳析】前文“Researchindicatesthatitservesasaneffectiveapproachtofightingchronicinflammation,particularlyamongthosewithphysicallyinactivehabits.(研究表明，它是一種對抗慢性炎癥的有效方法，尤其是對那些有不運(yùn)動習(xí)慣的人來說。)”引出慢性炎癥的概念，后文“Itcanbeginwithaninfectionorinjurybutevolveintoalastingstate.(它可以從感染或受傷開始，但會發(fā)展成一種持久的狀態(tài)。)”提到慢性炎癥的開始和發(fā)展，因此C項(xiàng)“Chronicinflammationisamildconditionthatcanpersistforyears.(慢性炎癥是一種可能持續(xù)多年的輕微病癥。)”符合語境，解釋慢性炎癥的含義，引出后文，選項(xiàng)中的persistforyears與后文的evolveintoalastingstate呼應(yīng)。故選C。【17題詳析】前文“Thescientificevidenceisclearthatsedentary(久坐的)peopletendtohavehigherlevelsofinflammationcomparedwithpeoplewhoexerciseregularly.(科學(xué)證據(jù)清楚地表明，與經(jīng)常鍛煉的人相比，久坐不動的人患炎癥的程度更高。)”對比久坐人群與運(yùn)動人群的炎癥水平差異，后文“Someresearchersbelievethatexercise’spowertofightinflammationmayevenbeattheheartofwhyphysicalactivityissoeffectiveatprotectingusagainstotherchronicconditions.(一些研究人員認(rèn)為，運(yùn)動對抗炎癥的能力甚至可能是體育活動如此有效地保護(hù)我們免受其他慢性疾病侵害的核心原因。)”提到運(yùn)動對抗炎癥的作用，因此D項(xiàng)“Butoncetheystartmovingconsistently,thelevelsgenerallydecline.(但一旦他們開始堅(jiān)持運(yùn)動，炎癥水平通常會下降。)”符合語境，指出久坐人群的炎癥水平可以通過運(yùn)動降低，和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文。故選D。【18題詳析】前文“Whilesomefindingshighlightexercise’santi-inflammatorypower,maximizingitseffectsrequiresstrategicapproaches.(雖然一些研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)了運(yùn)動的抗炎能力，但要想最大限度地發(fā)揮其作用，需要有策略的方法。)”指出發(fā)揮運(yùn)動的抗炎能力依賴于具體的策略，后文“Forexample,a20-minutewalkorjogeverydayregularlycansparktemporaryanti-inflammatoryeffects.Mostmoderate-intensityexercisereducesinflammationshort-term,butstickingwithitiskey.(例如，每天20分鐘的散步或慢跑可以產(chǎn)生暫時(shí)的抗炎效果。大多數(shù)中等強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動都能在短期內(nèi)減少炎癥，但堅(jiān)持是關(guān)鍵。)”舉例說明不同運(yùn)動的抗炎效果，因此F項(xiàng)“Itishowyouexercisenotjustwhetheryouexercisethatplaysacriticalrole.(關(guān)鍵不僅在于是否運(yùn)動，更在于如何運(yùn)動。)”符合語境，點(diǎn)明運(yùn)動方式的重要性，承接前文，后文是對其例證。故選F。【19題詳析】前文“High-intensityexerciseitselfproducesatemporarysurge(激增)ininflammation.(高強(qiáng)度的運(yùn)動本身會導(dǎo)致炎癥的短暫激增。)”指出高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動會暫時(shí)增加炎癥，后文“Forsimilarreasons,youshouldavoidovertraining,sincerepeatedintenseworkoutswithoutappropriaterecoverycanheightenyourlevelsofinflammationandweakenyourimmunesystem.(出于同樣的原因，你應(yīng)該避免過度訓(xùn)練，因?yàn)榉磸?fù)的高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練沒有適當(dāng)?shù)幕謴?fù)會增加你的炎癥水平，削弱你的免疫系統(tǒng)。)”警告過度訓(xùn)練的危害，因此A項(xiàng)“Soit’simportanttoproperlyhealbetweenworkouts.(因此，在鍛煉之間充分恢復(fù)很重要。)”符合語境，建議做好恢復(fù)，承前啟后。故選A。【20題詳析】前文“Itisrecommendedthatadultsmaketimeforatleasttwostrength-trainingsessionsperweek.(建議成年人每周至少抽出時(shí)間進(jìn)行兩次力量訓(xùn)練。)”建議進(jìn)行力量訓(xùn)練，后文“Thiscombinedapproachnotonlybuildsmusclebutalsointerruptschronicinflammatorypathways.(這種綜合方法不僅可以增強(qiáng)肌肉，還可以阻斷慢性炎癥途徑。)”提到綜合的方式的好處，因此G項(xiàng)“Suchtrainingtargetsinflammation-causingcells,especiallywithaerobicexercise.(這種訓(xùn)練針對引發(fā)炎癥的細(xì)胞，尤其結(jié)合有氧運(yùn)動。)”符合語境，說明力量訓(xùn)練可以與有氧運(yùn)動結(jié)合，承前啟后。故選G。第三部分：語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。OnaFridaynight,Lucas,apooryoungartist,wasplayinghiswornviolinatthegateofthesubwaystation.Themusicwasso___21___thatmanypeoplestoppedandputsomemoneyintothefaded___22___ontheground.Thenextday,Lucascametothesameplace.___23___,hetookoutalargepieceofpaper,laiditonthegroundandbeganplaying.Beforelong,theyoungmanwassurroundedbyaudience,someofwhomwere___24___bythewordsonthepaper.It___25___,“Lastnight,agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhat___26___.Pleasecometo___27___itsoon.”Afterabouthalfanhour,amiddle-agedmanhurriedlyranthereandsaidhewasMr.GeorgeSang.ThenLucasasked,“Didyou___28___something?”“Alotteryticket(彩票),withmynameonit,”saidtheman.Lucas___29___alotteryticket.“Isit?”heasked.“Yes,Mine!”Georgewaswildwithjoy,hiseyesbrightening_____30_____.Hismind_____31_____toafewdaysago,whenhepurchasedalotteryticketandwon$500,000.Onthewayhome,hepassedbyLucasandput$50intoLucas’shat.However,thelotteryticketwasalso_____32_____.Nowseizingthe_____33_____ticket,Georgeasked,“Thischangeseverything!HowcanIrepayyou?”Theyoungmanshookhishead.Acrowdgatheredasnewsspread.Ateenagerasked,“Whyrefusehim?You’re_____34_____!”Lucassmiled.“Moneycomesandgoes.Butloseyourhonesty?”Hedrewaclearnotefromhisviolin.“That’slikelosingthe_____35_____inyourheart.”21.A.weird B.boring C.pleasant D.primitive22.A.box B.hat C.bowl D.pocket23.A.Somewhat B.Typically C.Likewise D.Differently24.A.touched B.shocked C.attracted D.troubled25.A.wrote B.said C.put D.told26.A.bymistake B.onpurpose C.inadvance D.atlength27.A.justify B.submit C.assign D.claim28.A.remember B.lose C.forget D.find29.A.smoothedout B.tookon C.tookout D.drewon30.A.instantly B.decently C.humbly D.urgently31.A.fetched B.wandered C.suspended D.corresponded32.A.putaway B.handedout C.givenaway D.thrownin33.A.restored B.rejected C.regained D.reserved34.A.broke B.lost C.subjective D.superior35.A.wire B.chapter C.place D.tune【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了貧窮的小提琴手Lucas主動歸還誤得的50萬美元彩票并拒絕報(bào)酬的故事。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：音樂如此悅耳，許多人停下來，把一些錢放進(jìn)地上褪色的帽子里。A.weird奇怪的；B.boring無聊的；C.pleasant令人愉悅的；D.primitive原始的。根據(jù)下文“manypeoplestoppedandputsomemoneyintothefaded______ontheground”可知，Lucas演奏的音樂吸引了許多人駐足并投錢，說明音樂是令人愉悅的。故選C。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：音樂如此悅耳，許多人停下來，把一些錢放進(jìn)地上褪色的帽子里。A.box盒子；B.hat帽子；C.bowl碗；D.pocket口袋。根據(jù)下文“Lastnight,agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhat”可知，錢是被放進(jìn)帽子里。故選B。【23題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不同的是，他拿出一大張紙，把它放在地上，開始演奏起來。A.Somewhat稍微；B.Typically通常；C.Likewise同樣地；D.Differently不同地。根據(jù)下文“hetookoutalargepieceofpaper,laiditonthegroundandbeganplaying”可知，第二天Lucas在地上放了一張紙，該行為與前一天不同。故選D。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：沒過多久，年輕人就被觀眾包圍了，其中一些人被紙上的字吸引住了。A.touched打動；B.shocked使震驚；C.attracted吸引；D.troubled麻煩。根據(jù)下文“Lastnight,agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhat______.”可知，Lucas的紙上表明有人把重要的東西放進(jìn)了自己的帽子里，這一內(nèi)容會吸引人群。故選C。【25題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：紙上面寫著……A.wrote寫；B.said表達(dá)；C.put放；D.told告訴。根據(jù)下文“Lastnight,agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhat______.”可知，紙上寫著這些內(nèi)容，英文用said表達(dá)文字內(nèi)容。故選B。【26題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：昨晚，一位名叫GeorgeSang的先生誤把一件重要的東西放進(jìn)了我的帽子里。A.bymistake錯(cuò)誤地；B.onpurpose故意地；C.inadvance提前；D.atlength詳細(xì)地。根據(jù)下文“Alotteryticket(彩票),withmynameonit”可知，帽子里放進(jìn)了一張彩票，這應(yīng)該是被誤放進(jìn)去的。故選A。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：請盡快來認(rèn)領(lǐng)。A.justify證明合理；B.submit提交；C.assign分配；D.claim認(rèn)領(lǐng)。根據(jù)上文“agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhat”可知，GeorgeSang先生把一件重要的東西放進(jìn)了Lucas的帽子里，Lucas是讓這位先生來認(rèn)領(lǐng)這件重要的東西。故選D。【28題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Lucas問：“你丟了什么東西嗎？”A.remember記住；B.lose丟失；C.forget忘記；D.find找到。根據(jù)上文“agentlemannamedGeorgeSangputanimportantthingintomyhat”可知，GeorgeSang先生把重要的彩票放進(jìn)了Lucas的帽子里，因此Lucas問他是否丟了東西。故選B。【29題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：Lucas拿出一張彩票。A.smoothedout撫平；B.tookon承擔(dān)；C.tookout拿出；D.drewon利用。根據(jù)下文““Isit?”heasked.”可知，Lucas是拿出彩票，詢問它是否屬于GeorgeSang先生。故選C。【30題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“是的，我的!”George欣喜若狂，眼睛立刻亮了起來。A.instantly立即地；B.decently得體地；C.humbly謙遜地；D.urgently緊急地。根據(jù)上文““Yes,Mine!”Georgewaswildwithjoy”可知，George確定是自己的彩票，欣喜若狂，眼睛會因?yàn)槭Ф鴱?fù)得而立刻亮起來。故選A。【31題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的思緒飄到了幾天前，他買了一張彩票，中了50萬美元。A.fetched取來；B.wandered走神；C.suspended暫停；D.corresponded符合。根據(jù)上文“Hismind”和下文“toafewdaysago”可推知，George走神了，思緒飄到了幾天前，表示在回憶幾天前的事。故選B。【32題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然而，彩票也被扔了進(jìn)去。A.putaway收好；B.ha