考點10推理判斷之寫作態度練高考心中有數1.2021年新高考I卷之D篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskillbasedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwellbeing.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersreevaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatiningdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisamonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest. B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills. D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic. B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication. D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了情商的定義以及對有關于情商未來研究的期望。【32題】細節理解題。通過文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于這些品質的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一個人的積極品質。故選D項。【33題】推理判斷題。通過文章第二段“Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.(醫生可能利用這種準確理解他人感受的能力來找到最好的幫助病人的方法，而騙子可能利用這種能力來控制潛在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“醫生”和“騙子”是舉例子來闡明下文的觀點——情商高并不一定能使一個人成為有道德的人。故選B項。【34題】推理判斷題。通過文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣傳的總體效果一直是利大于弊。這種普及最積極的方面是雇主、教育者和其他對促進社會福利感興趣的人對情感進行了新的、迫切需要的強調。情商的普及幫助了公眾和研究人員)”可推知，作者認為情商普及是對人們有利的。故選A項。【35題】推理判斷題。通過文章最后一段“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatiningdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(我們希望這種關注將激發人們對情感科學和學術研究的更大興趣。我們希望在未來的幾十年里，科學的進步將為研究人們如何管理自己的生活提供新的視角)”可推知，本段主要談了對未來關于情商研究的期望。故選B項。2.（2021·北京）Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（學期）projectofvolunteeringatanonprofitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwaspleted.Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerepleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten.Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.64.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.65.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A.ImagesofIraqichildren. B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateacher'sintroduction. D.Arepresentative'sments.66.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento________..A.beeOICvolunteers B.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountries D.influenceotherchildren67.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A.One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Hewhohesitatesislost.【答案與解析】本文是記敘文。講述了作者一開始認為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。64.細節理解題。根據第一段“Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewith

theplansIhadinmind.”（當老師向我們介紹了需要我們幫助的不同組織時，我最后的選擇是伊拉克兒童行動(OIC)。我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產生足夠的影響。）可知，一開始作者認為加入伊拉克兒童行動項目不會達到他的期望。故選D。65.細節理解題。根據第二段“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（絕望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.”（當我上網訪問OIC網站時，我看到了伊拉克兒童的照片。他們的臉上傳遞的信息是絕望和需要幫助，我毫不猶豫地加入了這個項目。）可知，伊拉克兒童圖片幫助作者改變了他對這個項目的態度。故選A。66.細節理解題。根據最后一段“Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten.Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.”（現在我們的項目結束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個人的生活，而且影響了十個人的生活。在我們的努力下，10名男孩和女孩現在將能夠繼續接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克兒童行動組織幫助十個伊拉克兒童繼續接受教育。故選B。67.推理判斷題。根據第一段“MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.”（我對這個組織的第一印象是，它不會對我心中的計劃產生足夠的影響。）和最后一段“Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelife

ofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten.Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.”（一開始，我鼓勵自己去改變另一個人的生活。現在我們的項目結束了，我意識到我不僅影響了一個人的生活，而且影響了十個人的生活。在我們的努力下，十名男孩和女孩現在將能夠繼續接受教育。）可知，一開始作者認為加入伊拉克兒童行動不會達到他的期望，但是最后通過努力對自己和他人帶來影響，說明第一印象不總是可信的。故選B。3.2020年新課標Ⅰ卷之C篇Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了競走相比跑步有諸多的優勢，但是之前受過傷的人，要想從事這樣運動要謹慎，最好咨詢專家的建議。28.細節理解題。根據第二段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項運動的規則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動腿的大部分時間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運動員是需要具備某些條件的運動員是因為運動員需要遵守特殊的規則。故選C項。29.細節理解題。根據最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areunmonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優勢是不太可能導致膝蓋受傷。故選D項。30.細節理解題。根據最后一段Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事實上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應該首先咨詢教練或有經驗的競走運動員，學習適當的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項。31.推理判斷題。根據第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，競走和跑步一樣有很多健身益處，而且它還很少導致受傷。不過，它也有自己的問題。由此判斷出作者對于競走的態度是客觀的。故選B項。4.2018年北京卷之D篇PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofselfdrivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforpaniestotesttrulyselfdrivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforpaniestosellorrentoutselfdrivingcars,andforpaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.panieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowselfdrivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualselfdrivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheselfdrivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinridehailing(叫車)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrolpoweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,selfdrivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基礎設施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstmerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyridehailingservices,consideringthecostofselfdrivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(責任與維護問題).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebeefortablewiththetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecarcontrolledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Theingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureising.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportationrelatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety. B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability. D.Management.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed. B.Replaced.C.Shared. D.Reduced.50.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofselfdrivingcars?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic.【文章大意】本文為議論文。文章主要討論有關無人駕駛汽車的發展前景和面臨的問題。47.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據第二段Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowselfdrivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.可知，政策制定者應該討論無人駕駛車怎么幫助削減交通阻塞，減少尾氣排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行選擇，由此可見人們應該多關注無人駕駛車怎么幫助處理與交通有關的問題。故選A。48.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據文章第一段Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.可知，不管花多長時間，這項技術都有可能改變我們的交通系統和我們的城市，不管是好是壞，這取決于如何這種轉變如何被規范，再根據文章最后一句話Thecarofthefutureising.Wejusthavetoplanforit.可知，我們需要為其做好計劃，故作者的主要關注點是對這種轉變的管理規范，故選D。49.A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據第四段Thefirstmerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyridehailingservices,consideringthecostofselfdrivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(責任與維護問題).可知，鑒于自主駕駛的費用以及責任和維護問題，無人駕駛車幾乎可以肯定將會被打車服務使用。故劃線詞是“被應用”的意思。A.Employed被應用；B.Replaced被取代；C.Shared被分享；D.Reduced被減少。故選A。50.B【解析】觀點態度題。根據文章最后一段Theingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureising.Wejusthavetoplanforit.中的advancement，movemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.以及planforit可推知，作者是積極的態度。故選B。5.2018年浙江卷之C篇Asculturalsymbolsgo,theAmericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（裝配線）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttypicalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandaneverendinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpublicworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarmbasedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.Theproblemsofexcessive（過度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwriterThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（經濟）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytodesign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerinthenewcentury.”28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.ToshowtheinfluenceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroadsystem.29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy. B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply. D.Afarmbasedsociety.30.WhatisFriedman’sattitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.【文章大意】文章講述了汽車在美國經濟和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽車帶來的環境問題。28.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據第二段ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.可知現代美國誕生于公路和汽車，汽車塑造了美國文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽車塑造的美國文化的一個方面。用這個例子是在說明汽車對美國文化的影響，故選B。29.B【解析】細節理解題。根據第四段ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.可知美國汽車的迅速發展，導致生態災難。故選B。30.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.和最后一段中的Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（經濟）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.可見Friedman雖然對未來擔心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了發展綠色積極的想法。可見Friedman對未來是充滿希望的，故選C。6.（2015年，重慶卷）Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed(診斷)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks,Icouldnot.Inmyfirstliteratureclass,Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandtheirwriteonit,allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid,“Mrs.Smith,yousee,thedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses,“youarenotdifferentfromyourclassmates,youngman.”Itried,butIdidn’tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithomie.Inthequietnessofmybedroom;the‘storysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson,LouisBraille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn’tgetmucheducation.ButLouisdidn’tgiveup.Instead,heinventedareadingsystemofraisedots(點),whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.Wasn’tIthe“blind”inmyclass;beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students?Mythoughtsspilledout(溢出)andmypenstartedtodance.Ipletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed,Iwasnotdifferentfromothers;Ijustneededaquieterplace:IfLouiscouldfindhis“Wayoutofhisproblems,whyshouldIevergiveup?”Ididn’texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith,soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebackto‘methenextday.withan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:.“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying?”1.Theauthordidn’tfinishthereadinginclassbecause.A.HewasnewtotheclassB.HewastriedofliteratureC.HehadanattentiondisorderD.Hewantedtotakethetaskhome2.WhatdoweknowaboutLouisBraillefromthepassage?A.HehadgoodsightB.Hemadeagreatinvention.C.HegaveupreadingD.Helearnedalotfromschool3.WhatwasMrs.Smith’sattitudetotheauthorattheendofthestory?A.AngryB.ImpatientC.SympatheticD.Encouraging4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B.Ateachercanopenupanewworldtostudents.C.Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D.Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.C【解析】作者患上了注意力障礙癥，無法完成老師布置的作業，但在老師的鼓勵下，通過自己的努力完成了任務，得到了A，受到了老師的表揚。這說明通過努力，我們可以找到克服困難的方法。1.C細節理解題。根據文章第一段Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed（診斷）withkindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks,Icouldnot.可知我患了注意力障礙癥，無法集中注意力于某件事情。所以我無法在課堂上集中注意力完成老師布置的閱讀任務。故C項正確。2.A細節理解題。根據第五段最后一句Instead,heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(點),whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.可知他為盲人發明出一種方法進行閱讀。故A項正確。3.D推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段Ididn’texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith,soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextdaywithan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying?”可知最后作者的文章得到了A等級，受到了老師的表揚。作者感覺到很受鼓舞。故D項正確。4.D主旨大意題。作者患上了注意力障礙癥，在課堂上無法集中注意力，無法完成老師布置的作業。但在老師的鼓勵下，他克服了困難，通過自己的努力完成了任務，得到了A，受到了老師的表揚。這說明通過努力，我們可以找到克服困難的方法。故D項正確。7.（2014年，山東卷）Onemorning,Ann’sneighborTracyfoundalostdogwanderingaroundthelocalelementaryschool.SheaskedAnnifshecouldkeepaneyeonthedog.Annsaidthatshecouldwatchitonlyfortheday.Tracytookphotosofthedogandprintedoff400FOUNDfliers(傳單),andputtheminmailboxes.Meanwhile,Annwenttothedollarstoreandboughtsomepetsupplies,warninghertwosonsnottofallinlovewiththedog.Atthetime,Ann’ssonThomaswas10yearsold,andJack,whowasrecoveringfromaheartoperation,was21yearsold.FourdayslaterAnnwasstilllookingafterthedog,whomtheyhadstartedtocallRiley.Whenshearrivedhomefromwork,thedogthrewitselfagainstthescreendoorandbarkedmadlyather.Assoonassheopenedthedoor,Rileydashedintotheboys’roomwhereAnnfoundJacksufferingfromaheartattack.RileyranovertoJack,butassoonasAnnbentovertohelphimthedogwentsilent.“Ifithadn’tetogetme,thedoctorsaidJackwouldhavedied,”Annreportedtoalocalnewspaper.Atthispoint,noonehadcalledtoclaimthedog,soAnndecidedtokeepit.ThenextmorningTracygotacall.AmannamedPeterrecognizedhislostdogandcalledthenumberontheflier.Tracystartedcrying,andtoldhim,“Thatdogsavedmyfriend’sson.”PeterdrovetoAnn’shousetopickuphisdog,andsawThomasandJackcryinginthewindow.AfterafewmomentsPetersaid,“MaybeOdiewassupposedtofindyou,maybeyoushouldkeepit.”1.WhatdidTracydoafterfindingthedog?A.Shelookedforitsowner B.ShegaveittoAnnasagift.C.Shesoldittothedollarstore. D.Sheboughtsomefoodforit.2.HowdidthedoghelpsaveJack?A.BybreakingthedoorforAnn. B.ByleadingAnntoJack’sroom.C.BydraggingJackoutoftheroom. D.ByattendingJackwhenAnnwasout.3.WhatwasAnn’sattitudetothedogaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Sympathetic B.DoubtfulC.Tolerant D.Grateful4.ForwhatpurposedidPetercallTracy?A.Tohelpherfriend’sson. B.TointerviewTracyC.Totakebackhisdog. D.Toreturnthefliertoher.5.Whatcanweinferaboutthedogfromthelastparagraph?A.ItwouldbegiventoOdie. B.ItwouldbekeptbyAnn5family.C.ItwouldbereturnedtoPeter. D.ItwouldbetakenawaybyTracy.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。一天，Tracy在當地學校附近撿到一只流浪狗，把它交代給鄰居Ann照顧，自己去找狗的主人。Ann答應只照顧這只狗一天。結果在沒找到狗主人之前Ann和她的兩個兒子一直照顧這只狗而且很快喜歡上了它。Ann的大兒子有心臟病，多虧了這只狗幫Ann及時救了她兒子，所以當狗主人來認領狗時全家人都舍不得它走。最終，狗留在了Ann家里，成為家庭一員。1.A考查細節理解。根據第二段開頭句子“Tracytookphotosofthedogandprintedoff400FOUNDfliers…”可知，Tracy照了狗的照片，印了400張傳單。這都是為了找到狗的主人。故選A。2.B考查判斷推理。根據第三段句子“Whenshearrivedhome…whereAnnfoundJack…”可以推斷，狗Riley是通過向Ann狂叫并領Ann進入Jack的房間讓Ann發現Jack犯了心臟病從而及時救了Jack的。故選B。3.D考查判斷推理。根據第四段Ann跟報社說的話，“Ifithadn’t…”,如果不是狗領著Ann找到Jack，Jack可能就死了。也就是狗救了Jack的命，所以可以推斷Ann對狗很感激，感激它救了她兒子的命。故選D。4.C考查細節理解。根據第五段句子“AmannamedPeterrecognizedhislostdog…”可知，Peter給Tracy打電話的目的是為了領回他丟失的狗。故選C。5.B考查判斷推理。根據最后一段Peter去Ann家里領回他的狗時看到的場景“sawThomasandJackcrying…”及他說說的話“Maybe…youshouldkeepit.”可以推斷，狗最終是留著了Ann家里。故選B。8.（2012年，安徽卷）WhenKate'spaintingswereonshowinLondon，apoetdescribedherpaintingsas“aribbon(絲帶）aroundabomb”.SuchmentsseemtosuggestKatehadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime.Sadly，sheisactually_________todaythanshewasduringhertime.Bornin1907inavillagenearMexicoCity，Katesufferedfrompolio（小兒麻痹癥）attheageofseven.Herspine(脊柱)becamebentasshegrewolder.Then，in1925，herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschoolbusaccident.Throughouttherestofherlife，theartisthadmanyoperations，butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback.However，theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect.Whilelyinginherbedrecovering，Katetaughtherselftopaint.In1929，shegotmarriedtoDiegoRivera，anotherfamousMexicanartist.Rivera'sstronginfluencesonKate'sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks，butherlaterworksfromthe1940s，knowntodayasherbestwor