第第頁重慶市烏江新高考協作體2022-2023學年高二下學期7月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解DonnaStricklandwasawardedthe2018NobelPrizeforphysicsjointlywithArthurAshkinandGérardMourou.It'sthefirsttimein55yearsthatawomanhaswonthisfamousprize,butwhyhasittakensolong?Welookatfiveotherpioneeringfemalephysicists—pastandpresent—whoactuallydeservetheprize.JocelynBellBurnellPerhapsthemostfamoussnub(冷落):then-studentBelldiscoveredthefirstradiopulsarsin1967,whenshewasaPhDstudentatCambridge.TheNobelPrizethatrecognisedthislandmarkdiscoveryin1974,however,wenttohermalesupervisor,AntonyHewish.Recentlyawardeda￡2.3millionBreakthroughPrize,whichshegaveawaytohelpunder-representedstudents,shejokedtotheGuardian,"IfeelI'vedoneverywelloutofnotgettingaNobelPrize."LeneHauHauisbestknownforleadingtheresearchteamatHarvardUniversityin1999thatmanagedtoslowabeamoflight,beforemanagingtostopitcompletelyin2001.OftentoppingNobelPrizepredictionlists,could2022beHau'syear?VeraRubinRubindiscovereddarkmatterinthe1980s,openingupanewfieldofastronomy.Shediedin2016,withoutrecognitionfromthecommittee.Chien-ShiungWuWu's"Wuexperiment"helpeddisprovethe"lawofconservationofparity".Herexperimentalworkwashelpfulbutneverhonoured,andinstead,hermalecolleagueswonthe1957NobelPrizefortheirtheoreticalworkbehindthestudy.LiseMeitnerMeitnerledgroundbreaking(開創性的)workonthediscoveryofnuclearfission.However,thediscoverywasacknowledgedbythe1944NobelPrizeforchemistry,whichwaswonbyhermaleco-lead,OttoHahn.1．WhenwasthediscoveryofradiopulsarsrecognisedbytheNobel?A．In1944. B．In1967. C．In1974. D．In1980.2．WhichwomanismostlikelytowinaNobelPrizelateraccordingtothetext?A．LeneHau. B．VeraRubin.C．DonnaStrickland. D．JocelynBellBurnell.3．Whatdoweknowaboutthefivefemales?A．Thefivefemalescientistsdidgreatlyinchemistry.B．VeraRubinhadopenedupanewfieldingeometry.C．LiseMeitner'steacherwonaNoblePrizeforherwork.D．Alltheirfindingshaven'tbeenrecognisedbytheNobel.閱讀理解Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜間活動的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences--calledlightpollution--whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels--andlightrhythms--towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We'vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight--darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth--iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We'velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁鐵).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing"captured"bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay--theedgeofourgalaxy--archingoverhead.4．Accordingtothepassage,humanbeings____.A．prefertoliveinthedarknessB．areusedtolivinginthedaylightC．werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD．hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon5．Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto____.A．provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB．showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC．comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD．explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined6．Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat____.A．lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB．lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC．humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD．humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse7．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheMagicLight B．TheOrangeHazeC．TheDisappearingNight D．TheRhythmsofNature閱讀理解Inthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof"likes"andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(關系淺表的)friends."Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,"saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof"peripheral(次要的)others"—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate."Theresearchshowsthatolderadults'smallernetworksdon'tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,"saidBruinedeBruin.8．Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey____.A．havefriendsofhugequantityB．haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC．havealotoffollowersonsocialmediaD．makefriendswitholderpeople9．Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A．Olderpeople'sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B．Youngerpeopledon'tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C．Olderpeople'shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D．Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.10．WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A．Sad. B．Happy. C．Lonely. D．Concerned11．Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?A．Differenttypesoffriendsinone'slife.B．Changesinpeople'shappinesslevels.C．Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D．Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.閱讀理解Fromcomposer,musician,andphilanthropist(慈善家)PeterBuffettcomes,awarm,wise,andinspirational,bookthatasks,"Whichwinyouchoose:thepathofleastresistanceorthepathofpotentiallygreatestsailsfaction?"Youmaythinkthatwithalastnamelikehis,Buffetthasenjoyedalifeofendlessprivilege.ButthesonofbillionaireinvestorWarrenBuffettsaysthattheonlyrealinheritancehandeddownfromhisparentsisaphilosophy:Buildyourownpathinlife.Itisaprinciplethathasallowedhimtofollowhisownpassions,establishhisownidentity,andreaphisownsuccesses.InLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt.Buffettexpoundson(闡釋)thestrongsetofvaluesgiventohimbyhistrustingandbroadmindedmother,hishardworkingandtalentedfather,andthemanylifeteachershehasmetalongtheway.Today'ssociety,Buffettassumes,hasbeguntoreplaceaworkethic,enjoyingwhatyoudo,withawealthethic,honoringthepayoffinsteadoftheprocess.Weconfuseprivilegewithmaterialwealth,characterwithexternalvalidation(認可).Yet,byfocusingmoreonsubstanceandlessonreward,wecanopendoorsofopportunityandstrivetowardagreatersenseoffulfillment.Inclearandbriefterms,Buffettrevealsagreattruth:Lifeisrandom,neitherfairnorunfair.Fromthereitbecomeseasytorecognizetheequaldignityandvalueofeveryhumanlifeourcircumstancesmayvarybutouressencedoesnot.Weseethatourjourneyinliferarelyfollowsastraightlinebutisoftenmetwithfalsestarts,crises,andmistakes.HowwepushthroughandpersevereinthesechallengingmomentsiswherewebegintocreatethelifeOfourdreams—fromdiscoveringourvocationstogivingbacktoothers.Personalandinstructive,LifeIsWhatYouMakeItisaboutchallengingyourcircumstances,takingcontrolofyourdestiny,andlivingyourlifetothefullest.12．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Todescribeafamousperson.B．Tointroduceabook.C．Totalkaboutwhatlifeisabout.D．Todiscusshowtoliveameaningfullife.13．WhatcanweinferaboutPeterBuffett?A．Hisfatherisveryrich.B．Oneofhishobbiesismusic.C．Heachievedsuccessbyhimself.D．HewrotethebookLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt.14．Whatistoday'ssocietylikeaccordingtoPeterBuffett?A．Peoplearefollowingtheirinterests.B．Peopleareseekingspiritualenjoyment.C．Peoplepaymoreattentiontotheprocess.D．Peoplefocusmoreontheresults.15．Whichproverbcanbestexpressthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A．Livingwithoutan,aimislikesailingwithoutacompass.B．Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.C．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D．Lifeisn'taboutgettingandhaving,it'saboutgivingandbeing.二、任務型閱讀(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheUpsidetoBeingOutsideResearchshowsthatbeinginnaturemakespeoplefeelgood,whetherthey'reroughingitinthewildernessfordaysorjusthangingoutatalocalparkforawhile.OnestudywasconductedinthecityofBirmingham,Alabama.Researchersfoundthatmostparticipants'moodandwell-beingimprovedsignificantlywhentheyspenttimeinurbanparks,eventhoughtheaveragevisitwasonlyaroundhalfanhour.16．Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe"30DaysWild"campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.17．Howdoesnatureboostpeople'shappiness?Scientistssaythatspendingtimeinnaturalsettingsreducesstressandanxiety,whichbenefitsmentalandphysicalhealth.Researchshowsourbrainsaremorerelaxedinnaturalsettings.Tomostpeople,it'snotnewsthatnaturecanbecalming.Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.18．Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.That'smoreproofthatgoingoutsideisasmartmove!Whataccountsfortheconnectionwithcognitionandcreativity?Itcouldbethatagooddoseofnatureactsasacuretoinformationoverload.Everydaylifeinvolvesalotofmultitasking.Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.19．Naturally,scientificstudiesdon'tcovereverythingthat'sgreataboutthegreatoutdoors.20．Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.A.Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.B.Accordingtomanyscientificstudies,there'sagoodchanceit'llmakeyouhappier,healthier,andmorecreative.C.What'smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.D.Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.E.Whentheonlylightyou'veseenalldayistheglowofascreen,itmightbeagoodideatoswitchitoff.F.Thismeansthatwhetheryou'restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.G.So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation.三、完形填空(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。I'macollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreatively.Interestingly,thislifetimepassionwas21．byacasualcontestwhenIwasachild.Atafamilypicnicforemployeesofthecompanywheremyfatherworked,theyheldacontestforthechildren-whocouldthrowaclothhandkerchiefthefarthest.Thefirst22．,thelittleones,tookmightywind-ups(揮臂動作),butwhentheclothlefttheirhands,itopenedandflewtothegroundafew23．infrontofthem.Thecrowdroaredwithlaughter,andbeing13,Ididn'tlikeadultslaughingatus.Itwas24．thatusingthesametechniquewouldnotwork.SupposeI25．arockinsidethehandkerchief?No,itwas"throwahandkerchief",not"arockandahandkerchief".Whentheyinspectedit,I'dbe26．SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleastfartherthantheothers,andwhenthey27．,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrocklandinginthegrass.Ihadagood28．ofgettingawaywithit(僥幸逃脫).However,Ididn'twanttowinbycheatingbuttoshowtheadultsthata(n)29．couldbeatothersattheirowngame.Ihadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.I30．begantyingknotafterknotuntilitwasthesizeofalargerock.Itookalongwind-upandthrewthe31．handkerchiefwhichlanded60feetaway.Thelaughing32．andeveryonewasdumbfounded.The33．thenrantofetchittoexaminehowI'dcheated."It'sjustthehandkerchief,"he34．,holdingitupanduntyingtheknots.TheadultsapplaudedkindlyandIfeltproud.Ihadn'tbrokentherules,butIhadbrokenthe35．ideas,whichwasthesecrettocreativethinking.21．A．awaken B．created C．enhanced D．spread22．A．students B．throwers C．runners D．tutors23．A．kilometers B．meters C．inches D．miles24．A．impossible B．essential C．unclear D．obvious25．A．tied B．cast C．hid D．drew26．A．included B．unemployed C．disqualified D．involved27．A．separated B．disappeared C．combined D．sank28．A．time B．reason C．chance D．excuse29．A．baby B．kid C．genius D．adult30．A．casually B．immediately C．secretly D．eventually31．A．arrowed B．balled C．light D．soft32．A．died B．rose C．declined D．doubled33．A．loser B．judge C．winner D．audience34．A．responded B．protested C．admitted D．announced35．A．critical B．modern C．innovative D．conventional四、語法填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Archaeological(考古的)36．(discover)ofChangshawares(陶器)haveoccurredrandomlyoverthedecades,andkeyfindingsofkiln(窯)ruins37．(make)particularlysince2010.TherewerenotonlyTangDynastyChangshawares38．(unearth),butalsosomeceladons(青瓷)fromaneven39．(early)period.They'rekeywitnesses40．theSilkRoadontheseaandSino-foreignexchangesofmaterialculture.ArchaeologicalfindingsshowthatChangshawareswereexportedtoabout30countries,41．(range)fromEastandSoutheastAsianneighborstoNorthAfrica.CraftsmenandworkshopownersinChangshaparticipatedinawaveofglobalization42．activelyexploredoverseasmarkets.43．(consequent),shapesofChangshawareswerealsoinfluencedbyforeignelements.Seeingtheantiques,wecanalsounderstand44．publicaesthetics(審美)oftheirtime.Theytell45．wasviewedastraditionalChinesebeauty.五、寫作(共兩節，滿分40分)46．為增強學生體質，你校將在下周舉辦一次"LoveSports,LoveLife"的體育活動。假定你是學生會主席李華，請你用英文寫一篇倡議信，呼吁同學們積極進行體育鍛煉。內容要點包括：

1.活動的目的；

2.進行體育運動的益處；3.提出倡議，表達期待。注意：

1．詞數100左右；

2．開頭已給出，不計入總詞數。Dearfriends,……Withbestwishes.TheStudents'Union47．閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。"I'mgoingtomissyousomuch,Poppy,"saidthetall,thinteenager.Hebentdowntohughisoldfriendgoodbye.Hestoodup,huggedhisparents,andsmiled,tryingnottolethisemotions(情緒)getthebetterofhim.Hisparentswerenotquiteabletokeeptheirsundercontrol.Theyhaddriventheirsonseveralhoursoutoftowntotheuniversitywherehewouldsoonbelivingandstudying.Itwastimetosaygoodbyefornowatleast.Thefamilyhuggedandsmiledthroughmistyeyesandthenlaughed.Theboyliftedthelastbagontohisshoulder,andflashedabrightsmile."Iguessthisisit,"hesaid."I'llseeyoubackhomeinamonth,okay?"Hisparentsnodded,andtheywatchedashewalkedoutofsightintothecrowdsofhundredsofstudentsandparents.Theboy'smotherturnedtothedog,"Okay,Poppy,timetogobackhome."Thehouseseemedquietasatombwithouttheboylivingthere.Allthatweek,Poppydidn'tseeminterestedinherdinner,herfavoritetoy,oreveninherdailywalk.Herownersweresadtoo,buttheyknewtheirsonwouldbebacktovisit.Poppydidn't.Theyofferedthedogsomeofherfavoritepeanutbuttertreats.Theyevenlethersitonthesofa,buttheoldgirljustwasn'therusualcheerfulself.Herownersstartedtogetworried."WhatshouldwedotocheerPoppyup?"askedDad."We'vetriedeverything.""Ihaveanidea,butitmightbealittlecrazy,"smiledMom."Withoutanybodyleftinthehousebutus,thisplacecoulduseabitoffun.Let'sgetalittledogforPoppy.Itdidn'ttakelongbeforetheywalkedthroughthefrontdoorcarryingabigbox.Poppywelcomedthemhomeasusualbutwhenshesawthebox,shestopped.Sheputhernoseonit.Hertailbeganwagging(擺動)eversoslowly,thenfasterasshecaughtthesmell.注意：

1.所續寫的短文詞數應為150左右；

2.續寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已經為你寫好。Paragraph1Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared.Paragraph2Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．A3．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，從50年來第一位獲諾貝爾物理學獎的女性談起，介紹了另外五位原本有資格獲得這個獎項的女科學家。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解題型的考查，是一篇人物類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節信息，并結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。1．考查細節理解。根據JocelynBellBurnell部分中的"then-studentBelldiscoveredthefirstradiopulsarsin1967,whenshewasaPhDstudentatCambridge.TheNobelPrizethatrecognisedthislandmarkdiscoveryin1974"當時還是學生的貝爾在1967年發現了第一顆射電脈沖星，當時她還是劍橋大學的博士生。1974年的諾貝爾獎認可了這一具有里程碑意義的發現。可知，第一個radiopulsars在1967年被發現，被授予諾貝爾獎是在1974年。故選C。2．考查細節理解。根據LeneHau部分中的"OftentoppingNobelPrizepredictionlists"常常榮登諾貝爾獎預言榜榜首，可知，LeneHau經常被列于諾貝爾獎預測名單上榜首，她最有可能獲諾貝爾獎。故選A。3．考查細節理解。根據第一段中的"It'sthefirsttimein55yearsthatawomanhaswonthisfamousprize,butwhyhasittakensolong?Welookatfiveotherpioneeringfemalephysicists—pastandpresent—whoactuallydeservetheprize."這是55年來第一次有女性獲得這個著名的獎項，但為什么花了這么長時間？我們來看看其他五位女性物理學家，無論是過去的還是現在的，她們實際上都配得上這個獎項?？芍狣onnaStrickland是50年來第一位獲諾貝爾物理學獎的女性，而文中介紹的5位女科學家都應該獲得諾貝爾物理學獎，但由于各種原因未能獲獎。故選D。【答案】4．B5．B6．D7．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人類熱衷于用人造光源將夜空照亮。由此引發的光污染對于動物和人類造成嚴重影響，呼吁我們反思自己的行為。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環保類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對應的內容，仔細核對，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。4．考查細節理解。根據第一段中的"Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight."而相反，我們人類屬于晝間活動的動物，眼睛適應了太陽的光線?？芍?，人類習慣生活在白晝時陽光照射下的環境。故選B。5．考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的"Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences"這項工程帶來好處的同時也帶來了壞處；以及"Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld，someaspectoflifeisaffected"無論人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都會受到一些影響?？赏浦岬进B和青蛙是為了表明光污染是如何影響動物的。故選B。6．考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的"Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse，toforgetthescaleofourbeing,"生活在一個刺眼的世界，我們已經遠離了進化和文化遺產：遙遠的星光和晝夜交替閃耀的光。在一個非常真實的意義上，光污染使我們在宇宙中失去真我。可知，作者認為光污染使得人類迷失了自我，這背離了人類在蒼茫宇宙的存在意義?？赏浦?，人類應當對此進行深刻的檢討和反思。故選D。7．考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的"We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight."我們設法將夜空用人造光源照亮；第二段中的"Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld，someaspectoflifeisaffected"無論人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都會受到一些影響；以及最后一段中的"Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage-thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight."生活在一個刺眼的世界，我們已經遠離了進化和文化遺產：遙遠的星光和晝夜交替閃耀的光?？芍?，本文主要介紹人類用耀眼的人造光源將夜空點亮，給自然環境中的動物和人類自身帶來了諸多的問題，呼吁人們順應天道，按照自然規律，還原一個"黑暗沉靜"的夜晚。"正在消失的夜空"適合做文章標題，故選C。【答案】8．B9．A10．B11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人們在擁有的朋友質量高而不是數量多時更快樂。研究發現有著少數親密朋友的人通常比那些有著大量膚淺朋友的人更快樂，而且孤獨與朋友數量關系不大，與和朋友相處的感覺關系較大。但對于老年人來說，他們的幸福感和對孤獨的看法卻不太受社交圈大小的影響。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關信息，就可以確定正確答案。8．考查細節理解。根據第二段中的"Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial（關系淺表的）friends."研究人員發現，那些有少數親密朋友的人通常比那些有著大量膚淺朋友的人更快樂?？芍?，那些有少數親密朋友的人通常比那些有許多關系淺薄的朋友的人更快樂。故選B。9．考查推理判斷。根據第四段"Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof‘peripheral(次要的)others'—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness."他發現，老年人的社交圈往往比年輕人小，但社交圈里的人往往與他們更親近。他還發現，年輕人往往有更大的社交圈，這些社交圈由"外圍人"組成——這些人不是他們真正的朋友，只是他們認識的人。這些人對他們的幸福沒有影響?？芍?，研究發現，盡管較年長的人的社交圈比年輕人小，但圈子里的人往往和他們之間的關系更親密。可推斷，較年長的人的朋友質量更高。故選A。10．考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的"Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults"事實上，老年人往往比年輕人更幸福?？芍?，她認為較年長的人往往比年輕人的幸福感更強。故選B。11．考查主旨大意。根據第一段中的"Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappiestwhentheirfriendsarehighquality-nothighquantity."但事實證明，人們最快樂的時候是他們的朋友質量高，而不是數量多。可知，本文介紹了一項關于人的幸福感與其朋友數量和質量的關系的研究。研究發現，影響一個人幸福感的并非是其擁有朋友的數量，而是其朋友的質量。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．B13．C14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，沃倫·巴菲特之子彼得·巴菲特通過自己的生活經歷探索人生的意義：打造自己的人生道路。這一人生哲學在他的著作《生活由你打造》中有著深刻的體現。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。12．考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的"InLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt,Buffettexpoundson(闡釋)thestrongsetofvaluesgiventohimbyhistrustingandbroadmindedmother,hishardworkingandtalentedfather,andthemanylifeteachershehasmetalongtheway."生活是你自己創造的。巴菲特詳細闡述了他信任他人、心胸開闊的母親、勤奮而有才華的父親，以及他一路走來遇到的許多人生導師給他帶來的強大價值觀；以及最后一段中的"Personalandinstructive,LifeIsWhatYouMakeItisaboutchallengingyourcircumstances,takingcontrolofyourdestiny,andlivingyourlifetothefullest."《生活是你創造的》是一本個人的、有教育意義的書，它是關于挑戰你的環境，控制你的命運，充實地過你的生活?？芍?，本文旨在介紹彼得·巴菲特的一本名為LifeIsWhatYouMakeIt的書，故選B。13．考查推理判斷。根據第二段中的"ButthesonofbillionaireinvestorWarrenBuffettsaysthattheonlyrealinheritancehandeddownfromhisparentsisaphilosophy:Buildyourownpathinlife."但億萬富翁投資者沃倫·巴菲特的兒子說，他從父母那里繼承的唯一真正的遺產是一種哲學:開辟自己的人生道路?？赏浦?，彼得·巴菲特通過自己打造人生道路獲得了成功，而不是利用他父親的幫助，故選C。14．考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Today'ssociety,Buffettassumes,hasbeguntoreplaceaworkethic,enjoyingwhatyoudo,withawealthethic,honoringthepayoffinsteadoftheprocess."巴菲特認為，今天的社會已經開始用財富倫理取代職業道德，即享受你所做的一切，尊重回報而不是過程?？芍说谩ぐ头铺卣J為，今天的社會已經開始用財富倫理取代工作倫理，人們只關注結果而忽視過程，故選D。15．考查段落大意。根據第五段"Fromthereitbecomeseasytorecognizetheequaldignityandvalueofeveryhumanlifeourcircumstancesmayvarybutouressencedoesnot.Weseethatourjourneyinliferarelyfollowsastraightlinebutisoftenmetwithfalsestarts,crises,andmistakes.HowwepushthroughandpersevereinthesechallengingmomentsiswherewebegintocreatethelifeOfourdreams—fromdiscoveringourvocationstogivingbacktoothers."從這一點出發，我們很容易認識到每個人生命的平等尊嚴和價值——我們的環境可能會有所不同，但我們的本質是不變的。我們看到，我們的人生旅程很少是一條直線，而是經常遇到錯誤的開始、危機和錯誤。我們如何在這些充滿挑戰的時刻堅持下去，我們就開始創造我們夢想的生活——從發現我們的職業到回饋他人?？芍?，我們的人生之旅很少遵循一條直線，但常會遇到錯誤的開始、危機和錯誤，結合本段內容可推斷，該段主要說明了人生起伏無常，故選B?！敬鸢浮?6．C；17．G；18．A；19．F；20．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了戶外活動的好處。

【點評】考查七選五，本文是運用類閱讀，要求在理解細節信息的基礎上，著重考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據空后"Forexample"可知，空后內容是對該空的舉例說明，所以該空為本段的主題句，結合空后"Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too."在整個挑戰過程中，參與者都更快樂、更健康……之后的幾個月也是如此?？芍摱沃v述的是在戶外活動給參與者帶來的快樂會持續很久，C.What'smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting."更重要的是，人們從大自然中獲得的提升是持久的。"表述的內容與舉例說明中的內容一致，符合語境。故選C。17．根據空前"Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe‘30DaysWild'campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too."例如，英國科學家研究了"野外30天"運動的影響。它要求人們在30天內與大自然互動，享受像喂鳥和種花這樣的樸實活動。參與者在整個挑戰過程中以及之后的幾個月里都明顯更快樂、更健康。在整個挑戰過程中，參與者都更快樂、更健康……之后的幾個月也是如此?？芍摱沃v述的是在戶外活動給參與者帶來快樂，G.So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation."所以，在公園里放松一下有點像給你的大腦放個小長假。"，是對前面的總結，符合語境。故選G。18．根據空前"Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving."但多項研究發現，花時間在大自然中也有一些更令人驚訝的好處，比如提高創造力和解決問題的能力；以及空后"Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests."另一項研究發現，接觸大自然有助于人們在考試中取得更好的成績?？芍摽崭駪撌顷P于在戶外好處的相關研究，A.Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip."一項研究表明，人們在為期四天的露營旅行后更善于找出謎題。"講述的為一項關于戶外好處的研究，符合語境。故選A。19．根據空前"Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness."一些科學家認為，花時間在大自然中可以讓我們的大腦休息并從精神疲勞中恢復過來。可知，戶外會讓大腦得到休息，從精神疲勞中恢復過來，F.Thismeansthatwhethe