第頁一、動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“todosth”（有時(shí)可以省略to）,在句中除了不能充當(dāng)謂語外其他成分都可以充當(dāng)，如主語、表語、賓語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語等，這學(xué)期我們主要學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和目的狀語。1.作賓語需要用動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語的動(dòng)詞有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,start,forget,remember,need,ask,learn,decide,wouldlike,try,offer,plan,refuse,agree,help等。Remembertoposttheletter.Ihopetostaywithyou拓展：（1）當(dāng)作賓語的不定式后跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，通常需要形式賓語it代替不定式，并將真正的賓語（不定式）置于賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+謂語+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+動(dòng)詞不定式。IfinditdifficulttolearnJapanesewell.（2）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式連用時(shí)，后面的不定式往往省略to.Hebegantoreadandwriteafterdinner.（3）動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞who(m),which,what,when,how,where(why除外)等連用，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。Howtocontrolthewaterpollutionisabigproblem.Thetroubleiswhomtoinvite.（4）”疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）”作賓語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句Idon’tknowwhattodonexttime.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonexttime.2.作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，放在賓語的后面，表示賓語是什么或者怎么樣。其后接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞（短語）有：ask,tell,like,love,hate,wouldlike,order,teach,want,wish,advise等。Thedoctoradvisedhimtotakeagoodrest.Weaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.拓展：（1）動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，在使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后面需要省略to，常見的此類動(dòng)詞有：have,let,make,feel,hear,notice,see,watch.Thebossmadetheworkersworkover10hoursadayinthepast.IsawLiLeifalldownfromhisbike,（2）help接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)可以省略也可以不省略。Heoftencomestohelpus(to)dosomefarmingwork.3.作目的狀語動(dòng)詞不定式表目的時(shí)，可放在句子的前面，也可以放在句子的末尾，但在句子前面時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常用逗號(hào)與句子隔開，而在句子末尾時(shí)一般不用逗號(hào)隔開。Hegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.練習(xí)1.Thechildrendecide_______theirschoolyardthisFridayafternoon.A.cleanB.tocleanC.cleaningD.cleaned2.Helosthiskey.Itmadehim______inthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay3.Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan_______me.A.helpB.helpingC.tohelpD.helps4.Itwastimeforclass.MrKingaskedallthechildren________downquietly.A.sitB.satC.tositD.sitting5.______abookinthelibrary,youshouldenterakeywordintothecomputerfirst.A.TofindB.FindC.TowriteD.Write6.Whichdressdoyoulikebest,Madam?Sorry,Ican’tdecide________now.A.tobuywhichoneB.buywhichoneC.whichonetobuyD.whichIshouldbuyit7.TrytosingmoreEnglishsongs,andyouwillfinditinteresting______aforeignlanguage.A.learningB.learnsC.learnD.tolearn8.IwillgohoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?Ihaven’tdecidedwhere_______.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo9.Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?BecauseIhavemuchhomework_______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo二、動(dòng)名詞Communicatingismorethanjustspeaking.交流不僅僅是說話Debbieenjoyssmilingandalwayslooksfriendly.黛比喜歡微笑并且看上去總是很友好I’mlookingforwardtogoingtoBeijing.我正盼望著去北京。動(dòng)名詞是由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成，它在句中可作多種成分。變化規(guī)則一般在詞尾加ing。buy-buyingwait-waitingrain-raining以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去掉e再加ing。use-usingride-riding以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加ing。begin-beginningcut-cutting少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變ie為y，再加ing。die-dyinglie-lyingtie-tying以oe,ee,ye結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，直接在詞尾加ing。see-seeingflee-fleeing用法1.作主語常位于句首，此時(shí)位于動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Swimmingintheseaisherfavouritesport.2.作表語用于表示主語是什么。Myfavouritehobbyiscollectingstamps.3.作動(dòng)詞和介詞的賓語IpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.2.Annie_____totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.A.invitesB.isinvitedC.wasinvitedD.hasinvited3.Anewpark_______inourhometownnextyear.Really?Ourhometownmustbemorebeautiful.A.willbuildB.willbebuiltC.isbuilt4.Excuseme,I’mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.Sorry.Thebookyouaskforis______out.A.issellingoutC.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold5.Eachyearquitealotoffood______aroundtheworld.It’sreallytimeforustodosomething.A.waswastedB.iswastedC.wastedD.willbewasted6.Flowers_____alongtheroadlastyear.A.plantB.plantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted7.Itissaidanewmuseum_______inourcitynextyear.A.buildsB.isbuildingC.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt8.DoesshelikesingingEnglishsongs?Yes,she_____tosingEnglishsongsinherroom.A.oftendoesB.isoftenheardC.oftenhearsD.oftenheard9.Teenagers______allowedodrive.A.shouldnotbeB.shouldbenotC.notshouldbe10.Wastepapershouldn’t______everywhere.It’sourdutytokeepourcityclean.A.bethrownB.throwC.isthrownD.arethrown11.Papermoney______foroverathousandyears.A.usedB.hasusedC.hasbeusedD.hasbeenused12.Parentsshouldallowtheirchildrentochoosetheirownclothes.Childrenshould______________tochoosetheirownclothesbytheirparents.13.Weshouldnotallowthestud