PAGEPAGE19一、細微環節推斷題(2024·江蘇，C)WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine？Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople’sopinions.However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution，representedbytheInternet，hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso“yesterday”thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin“post-industrialsociety”hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業)，withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly，thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe“digitaldivide”betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople’slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages.Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant，butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample，afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina“borderlessworld”.Asaresult，inthelasttwentyyearsorso，manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress，goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld，manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital，labourandgoods，withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies，bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels，andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However，ourfascinationwiththelatest，andourunder-valuationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon，can，andhas，ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.語篇解讀對于新科技作用的誤判可能會誤導人們對已有的技術的相識和運用，影響對社會的認知。61.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyBaslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictorpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據其次段中的“However，theyhaverealimpacts，astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.”可知，對于新技術影響的誤判導致了對于稀缺資源的誤用，故選D。62.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould.A.takepeople’sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableInternetfacilities答案A解析推理推斷題。依據第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通過事例說明捐贈者應當考慮人們的基本要求，而不要片面地認為有了高科技產品，受贈者的生活水平就會產生巨大飛躍。故本題答案為A。63.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據第五段內容可知，隨著通信和交通運輸技術的發展，人們認為我們生活在一個“無國界的世界”，由此很多政府取消了一些必要的規則，故本題答案為B。64.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.答案B解析推理推斷題。通讀全文，尤其是依據文章最終一段中的“However，ourfascination...wrongdirections.”可知，我們對于最新技術的入迷，和對于已經普遍存在的技術作用的低估會將我們引向錯誤的方向，即傳統的技術在當今仍有著重要的作用。故B項符合文意。一、題型解讀細微環節推斷題要求考生依據語篇內容，推斷詳細細微環節，如時間、地點、人物關系、人物身份、事務等。一般可依據短文供應的信息，或者借助生活常識進行推理推斷。考生只有正確把握文章的內在關系，理解文章的真正含義，才可能作出精確的推斷。題干主要包括六個動詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(象征，示意)，imply(示意)，suggest(示意)，conclude(作出結論)和assume(假定，設想)。該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現：1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.4.Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat.二、解題技巧——關鍵詞句細推敲第一步：定位細微環節——依據題干供應的信息，抓住某一段話的關鍵信息(關鍵詞語)。其次步：揣摩細微環節——對原文中的信息進行分析，推理推斷，利用逆向思維和正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。留意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一個細微環節內容作為推理的結論。2.勿脫離原文而憑個人看法主觀臆斷。例如：【真題感悟】中的第62題：依據第四段中的“Thequestion，however，iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells，extendingelectricitynetworksand...inruralvillages.”可知，作者想通過事例說明捐贈者應當考慮人們的基本要求，而不要片面地認為有了高科技產品，受贈者的生活水平就會產生巨大飛躍。故本題答案為A。AThisweek，amammoth(猛犸象)possiblykilledbyhumans10,000to15,000yearsagowasfoundinsoyfieldsabout50mileswestofDetroit.ItwasfoundbyfarmerJamesBristleandhisneighborTrentSatterthwaite，whowerereportedlydigginginthefield.Atfirst，theycouldn’t1figureoutwhattheywereseeing.“Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，”BristletellsAnnArborNews.“Wethoughtitwasabentfence9post.”Uponcloser6inspection，however，itbecamecleareventountrainedeyesthiswasnofencepost.“Weknewitwassomethingspecial.”Thentheyspedupthedig.AfterfindingthebonesMondaynight，BristlecalledtheUniversityofMichiganTuesdaymorningtoreporthisfind.ScientistDanielFisherarrivedtoinspectitWednesday，andbyThursdaymorninghehad2confirmedit’sawoollymammoth.Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayof7preservingthemeatforfutureuse.It’s4stilltooearlytotellexactlyhowitdied，FishertellsDetroit’sWWJ-TV，“buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”11Thebonesarebeing3temporarilystorednearby，accordingtotheFreePress，anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.Theirresearchvaluewillbedeterminedoncethey’vebeencleanedanddried.WoollymammothsoncelivedinEurasiaandNorthAmerica，andmostdisappearedby10,000yearsago—ademise(終止)thathasbeenlinkednotonlytohumans，butalsotochangingclimate.It’snowbelievedthatwarmingweather8weakenedtheirpopulationsbeforehumansdealtthefinalblows.語篇解讀一位農夫及其鄰居在底特律旁邊的地里發覺了猛犸象的尸骨，跡象表明它們是被人類捕殺的。科學家們對此正在進行進一步的探討。1.HowdidJamesBristleandhisneighborfindwhattheyfoundatfirst?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sold.C.It’sunique.D.It’sworthless.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據其次段第一、二句“‘Itwasprobablyaribbonethatcameup，’BristletellsAnnArborNews.‘Wethoughtitwasabentfencepost.’”可知，JamesBristle和他鄰居認為最早發覺的猛犸象的肋骨是一根彎曲的柵欄柱子，沒有什么價值。故選D。2.Whatcanweknowaboutthemammothaccordingtothetext?A.Itmightdieinits40s.B.ItwasnativetoEurasia.C.Itpreferredwalkinginthefields.D.Itmainlydiedfromclimatechange.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據第三段第三句“Heconcludestheanimalwasabout40yearsoldwhenitdied.”可知，這頭猛犸象死時大約40歲。故選A。3.WhichisDanielFisher’sopinion?A.Thebonesarewellworthstudying.B.Themammothwaskilledbyabutcher.C.Thenewfoundsitehasevidenceofhumanactivity.D.It’sunclearwhethertheboneswereamammoth’s.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據第三段第四句“Itwashuntedbyhumans，hesays，whokilleditandstoredtheremainsinapondasawayofpreservingthemeatforfutureuse.”和最終一句中的“...buttheskeletonshowedsignsofhuman’sbutchering.”可知，DanielFisher認為發覺猛犸象的地方以前有人類活動的痕跡。故選C。4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphmean?A.Driedtheirbones.B.Tooktheirlives.C.Destroyedtheirhome.D.Preservedtheirmeat.答案B解析句意揣測題。此處指現在人們信任在人類對它們進行最終的打擊之前，氣候變暖使猛犸象的數量削減了。人類的最終打擊指人類對猛犸象的大量捕殺。故選B。BBarcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence，137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.12ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(長方形基督教堂)，whichisBarcelona’smostvisitedtouristattraction，beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.However，whenhesteppeddown，architectAntoniGauditookoverthedesignin1883.Thebuildingwon’tbefinisheduntil2026—onehundredyearsafterthearchitectwaskilledbyastreetcarinthecity.HisbodywasburiedinaroomundertheflooroftheSagradaFamilia.Togetitspaperworkrubber10stamped，thechurchauthoritieshaveagreedtofinallypaythegovernmenta€36millionfeeforabuildingpermit.Gaudiwastoldtogetthepaperworkprocessed，butthearchitectfailedtodoso—proceedingwithconstructionregardless.Themoneyfromthechurch’spermitwillbeusedtoupgradetransportlinksandbeautifythearea.GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona，thecapitalcityofCatalonia，northeastSpain.GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.Hewouldoftenrequestthatworkbemodifiedandadjusteduntilitwasexactlywhathehadinmind.However，5interpretationofthedesignsbypresentdayarchitectsisparticularlychallengingbecauseofthenatureoftheexistingdesigns.TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了巴塞羅那聞名的SegradaFamilia教堂最終獲得了建筑許可。這座137年前起先建立的尚未完工的教堂又起先動工了。5.WhatdoweknowabouttheSegradaFamilia?A.Ithasbeencompletelyconstructed.B.ItwasfirstdesignedbyAntoniGaudi.C.Itwillgetabuildingpermitin2026.D.Itbegantobebuilt137yearsago.答案D解析細微環節理解題。依據第一段“Barcelona’sfamousSegradaFamiliaisfinallysettogetabuildinglicence，137yearsafterworkonthestilluncompletedchurchbegan.”可知，SegradaFamilia始建于137年前。故選D。6.WhatcanweinferaboutAntoniGaudi?A.Hewishedtobeburiedinthechurch.B.Heisrememberedasagreatarchitect.C.Hedidn’tknowapermitwasnecessary.D.Heistoblamefortheunfinishedchurch.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據第三段最終一句“GaudiandhisworkshavebecomesymbolsofBarcelona，thecapitalcityofCatalonia，northeastSpain.”和第四段第一句“GaudiplayedanactiveroleindirectingtheconstructionoftheSagradaFamiliauntilhisdeathin1926.”可推知，AntoniGaudi是一位宏大的建筑師。故選B。7.WhatmakestheSegradaFamiliasopopular?A.Itsunusualdesignstyle.B.Itstwofamousarchitects.C.Itsspecialbuildingmaterials.D.Itsillegalconstructionpaperwork.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據最終一段第一句“TheunfinishedbuildingiscalledamasterpieceofGothicarchitectureanditisperhapsthemostuniqueandmysteriousbuildinginthestyleeverconstructed.”可知，獨特的設計風格讓SegradaFamilia大受歡迎。故選A。8.Thechurchmanagedtopayforthelicence.A.inthesupportofthegovernmentB.byreducingconstructioncostsC.withtheaidoftouristincomeD.throughdonationsfromarchitects答案C解析細微環節理解題。依據第三段第一句可知，該座教堂沒有建筑許可證。再依據最終一段的末句“Thepopularityofthesitewithtouristshashelpedfundthepushtocompletethechurchandpayforthepaperwork.”可知，教堂通過旅游收入來支付建筑許可證的費用。故選C。Ⅰ.障礙詞匯突破(一)閱讀下列句子，并依據句意揣測畫線部分的意思1.Ittookthemaboutonemonthtofigureouthowtostarttheequipment.弄清2.Toconfirmtheresults，hemadecalculationsbasedonhisowndata，whoseresultswerealmostthesame.v.確認3.Thedailyflighttothecityhasbeentemporarilydelayedbecauseoftheearthquake.adv.短暫地4.Thesun，atleast，sofarasweareconcerned，isstandingstill.adj.靜止的5.It’sdifficulttoputanaccurateinterpretationonthesurveyresultswithoutenoughreference.n.說明(二)同義詞語替換6.OnarrivalinAustraliayoumustdeclareallfood，plantmaterialandanimalproductsforinspectiontoensuretheyarefreeofpestsanddiseases.check7.Ttect8.Frequentlycheckingyourmessagesandmicroblogscanweakenyourconcentrationandproductivity.reduce(三)一詞多義9.postv.發帖子n.柱子；帖子；職位v.&n.郵寄(1)Asaresult，you’llreceiveyourbookthroughthepost.n.郵寄(2)Myfatherhasheldfull-timeteachingpostsatseveraluniversities.n.職位(3)Belowisamessageandsomeresponsesthatarepostedonahealthwebsite.v.發帖子(4)Eddieparkedhiscycleagainstalamppostandlockedit.n.柱子10.stampn.郵票；印，章v.蓋章；跺腳(1)It’samazingthathepossessessuchalargecollectionofstamps.n.郵票(2)Hestampedhisnameonallhisbookstokeeptrack.v.蓋章(3)Chinesepaintingsgenerallyhavecalligraphicinscriptionsintheformofpoetryandaspecialstamp.n.印，章(4)Inordertokeepwarm，westampedourfeetconstantly.v.跺腳Ⅱ.長難句理解11.Thebonesarebeingtemporarilystorednearby，accordingtotheFreePress，anditremainsunclearwherethey’lleventuallyendup.[句式分析]本句為并列句。and前謂語動詞是arebeingstored，是現在進行時的被動語態；and后面主句為itremainsunclear，其中it作形式主語，真正的主語是where引導的從句。[精致譯文]據自由媒體報道，這些骨頭被短暫存放在旁邊，但還不清晰它們最終會去哪兒。12.ConstructionontheUNESCOWorldHeritagebasilica(長方形基督教堂)，whichisBarcelona’smostvisitedtouristattraction，beganin1882basedonadesignbyarchitectFranciscoLozano.[句式分析]本句為復合句，主語是construction，謂語是began。which引導的是定語從句，修飾先行詞basilica。basedon...作狀語，表示“以……為依據”。[精致譯文]被列為聯合國教科文組織世界遺產的大教堂(長方形基督教堂)是巴塞羅那最受歡迎的旅游景點，它始建于1882年，依據建筑師弗朗西斯科·洛扎諾的設計建立。強化練(十九)Ⅰ.單項填空1.Thoughourfootballboysarefacedwithfourgoalsbehind，theyarestillstrugglinghardinthefieldto.(2024·南徐鹽常四市聯考)A.facethemusicB.savefaceC.costtheirarmandlegD.landontheirfeet答案B解析考查習語。facethemusic勇于擔當后果；saveface挽回顏面，保住面子；costtheirarmandleg付出巨大代價；landontheirfeet逢兇化吉。句意為：我們的足球隊落后四個球，但隊員們仍在球場上努力挽回面子。依據“fourgoalsbehind”及“stillstrugglinghard”推斷此處表示“挽回顏面”，故B項正確。2.Asaresultofisnowknowninphysicsandchemistry，scientistshavebeenabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesinbiologyandmedicine.(2024·蘇州八校高三聯考)A.whatB.itC.whichD.that答案A解析考查賓語從句。句意為：由于目前在物理學和化學上已知的學問的緣由，科學家們已經能夠在生物學和醫藥上取得重要發覺。分析句子可知，所填詞引導賓語從句，作of的賓語，且從句中缺乏主語，故用連接代詞，故選A。which表示在范圍內的某一個，本句沒有范圍，故解除。3.Afterintomorethan50languages，SpongeBobSquarePants，alsosimplyasSpongeBobhasearnednumerousawardsincludingfourEmmyAwards.(2024·江蘇江都、華羅庚等中學聯考)A.translating；beingreferredtoB.havingbeentranslated；referringtoC.translated；referringtoD.beingtranslated；referredto答案D解析考查非謂語動詞。句意為：在被翻譯成50多種語言后，SpongeBobSquarePants，又名《海綿寶寶》，贏得了包括四次艾美獎在內的眾多獎項。介詞after后接動名詞作賓語，SpongeBobSquarePants與translate之間是被動關系，而且被翻譯成多種語言和獲獎幾乎同時發生，沒有明顯的先后依次，所以第一空用beingtranslated，SpongeBobSquarePants與referto之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，應當用過去分詞表示被動，所以其次空用referredto，故D項正確。4.—Iwonderwhatmakesyouagoodsalesperson.—Iasawaiterforthreeyears，whichcontributesalottomytoday’swork.A.serve B.haveservedC.hadserved D.served答案D解析考查時態。句意為：——我想知道什么使你成為一個好的銷售員。——我當了三年服務員，這對我現在的工作很有幫助。依據句意，做服務員是過去發生的事，因此才說對現在銷售員的工作產生很多幫助，用過去時即可，故選D。5.Theinfrastructureprojecthasconsumedsomuchmoneythatwecan’tfindanyfinancialsupportandhaveto.(2024·南徐鹽常四市聯考)A.pullout B.pullthroughC.catchup D.catchon答案A解析考查動詞短語辨析。pullout離開，撤離；pullthrough渡過難關；catchup趕上；catchon變得流行。句意為：這個基礎設施項目花費了太多的錢，我們找不到資金支持，只好撤出。故A項正確。6.Thelatestsurvey，bytheforeigncompany，foundthatmorethan12%teenagerswanttoworkaspilotswhentheygrowup.A.tobeconducted B.beingconductedC.conducted D.havingconducted答案C解析依據句意和結構可知bytheforeigncompany作定語，修飾Thelatestsurvey，Thelatestsurvey和conduct是被動關系，用過去分詞作定語。7.Theresultisduetobeannouncedtomorrow.Whyyouknowitnow?A.can B.mightC.need D.must答案D解析句意為：預料明天公布結果。你為什么偏要現在知道呢？must“偏要，非要”符合語境。“Whymustyou...？”為常用句型，表示“為什么你非要……？”，用以告知某人其舉止令人生氣或困擾。can能，會；might可能；need須要。8.Anyoffendershallbebroughtbackandbroughttojusticehe/shemayfleeabroad.A.incase B.evenifC.nowthat D.ifonly答案B解析句意為：任何違法者都必需被抓回國內并且對其進行法律制裁，即使他/她可能潛逃到國外了。incase以防萬一；evenif即使；nowthat既然；ifonly要是……就好了。故選B。9.—HowcomeyourmothercanreadbooksinGerman?—Well，sheonaprojectwithsomeGermanengineersfortwoyearswhenshewasyoung.A.works B.workedC.wasworking D.wouldwork答案B解析依據時間狀語whenshewasyoung可知主從句動作同時發生，解除A、D項，依據語境可知，她現在不再和德國工程師共事，只是強調過去的一個事實，解除C項，運用一般過去時。10.—IfeelsonervousabouttheNationalEnglishSpeechCompetitiontomorrow.—.A.Ireallyenvyyou B.GladtohearthatC.Soundsgreat D.Takeiteasy答案D解析Ireallyenvyyou我真的很嫉妒你；Gladtohearthat很興奮聽到這些；Soundsgreat聽起來很不錯；Takeiteasy別焦急，漸漸來。依據上文“IfeelsonervousabouttheNationalEnglishSpeechCompetitiontomorrow.”可知，對方因為要參與明天的全國英語演講競賽而感到驚慌，所以說話者要勸慰對方，讓對方放松下來。Ⅱ.閱讀理解ACarve，thecountry’sfirstskateboardingmagazine，islookingforapublishingassistanttohelpwithproductionofthisaward-winningpublication.Youmustbesomeonewithideas，energyandenthusiasm；someonewithapassionforgrammar，spellingandcreative，originalcontent；someonewho’shappytogetstuckinandworkcloselywithaunited，committedteam.Youneedtofeelcomfortableaboutworkingtotightdeadlinesandrealenthusiasmforskatingwon’tgoastray(走錯方向)either.Responsibilities：·Creatingandresearchingstoryideas·Conductingmediamonitoring(printandonline)·Subeditingandproofreading·Respondingtocustomerenquiries·Communicatingwithfeaturecontributors·Dataentry·Assistingwithlayoutsandpagination(頁碼編定)·Pictureeditinganduploading·UpdatingthemagazinewebsiteanduploadingcontentintoCMS·Assistingwithmarketingoperations·AssistingwithsubscriptionanddatabasemanagementRequirements：·Tertiary(高校的)qualificationsinEnglish，communicationsorediting/publishing·Excellentoralandwrittenlanguageskills·Excellentinterviewingandresearchskills·Solideditingandproofreadingskills·Abilitytoprioritizeandmultitask·WillingnesstobeahighlymotivatedandcommittedteammemberIfyouthinkyou’vegottherightstuffforthisexcitingroleinpublishing，sendyourresumeandcoverlettertoRexClayton，ChiefEditor：rex.clayton@email.語篇解讀本文是一篇應用文，內容有關出版助理聘請。文章主要介紹了職責、職位要求和應聘方式。11.WhatisthepublishingassistantexpectedtodoinCarve?A.Seeksponsorsforthemagazine.B.Providerelevantcustomerservice.C.Collectstoriesforfeaturecontributors.D.Takechargeofthedatabasemanagement.答案B解析細微環節理解題。依據Responsibilities部分中的“Respondingtocustomerenquiries”可知，出版助理的職責之一是為顧客供應相關服務。故選B。12.Whichisrequiredofthepublishingassistant?A.Beingabletogettheprioritiesright.B.Masteringseveraldifferentlanguages.C.Havingricheditingexperience.D.Havingagreataffectionforskating.答案A解析細微環節理解題。依據Requirements部分中的“Abilitytoprioritize”可知，出版助理須要能夠分清事情的輕重緩急。故選A。B(2024·蘇錫常鎮四市高三學情調查)InFlorida，agroupofparentsknownas“thebreakmoms”hasbeenfightingtopassalawguaranteeingthestate’selementary-schoolstudentsatleast20minutesofdailyfreeplay.Inasurveyofschool-districtadministrators，roughlyathirdsaidtheirdistrictshadreducedoutdoorplayintheearly2000s.Disadvantagedkidshavebeenthemostlikelytobeshortchanged(克扣).Accordingtoa2003study，just56percentofchildrenlivingatorbelowthepovertylinehadbreak，comparedwith83percentofthoseabovethepovertylineasimilardisparity(差異)existedbetweenblackchildrenandtheirwhitepeers.Thebenefitsofbreakmightseemobvious—timetorunaroundhelpskidsstayfit.Butalargebodyofresearchsuggeststhatitalsopromotescognition(認知).Manystudieshavefoundthatregularexerciseimprovesmentalfunctionandacademicperformance.Andananalysisofstudiesthatfocusedspecificallyonbreakfoundpositiveassociationsbetweenphysicalactivityandtheabilitytoconcentrateinclass.Inoneseriesofexperiments，researcherscontrolledbreakstarttimes.Somedayschildrenwereletoutat10am，andotherdaysat10∶30.Thekids’attentivenessdecreasedwhentheyhadtowaitlongerforbreak，andrefreshedthemselvesaftertheyplayed.Andwhenfourth-gradersinabreak-freeschoolweregivenaweeklybreak.Anothergroupofresearchersfoundthattheyhadaneasiertimestayingontaskandweremuchlessrestless.Theseexperimentalfindingsaresupportedbyananalysisof10,000questionnairesfilledoutbythird-gradeteachers：Evenasingle15-minutedailybreakwasconnectedwithmore-positiveratingsofclassroombehavior.Perhapsmostimportant，breakallowschildrentodesigntheirowngames，totesttheirabilities，torole-playandtosettletheirownconflicts—activitiesthatarekeytodevelopingsocialskillsandmanagingcomplicatedsituations.InitialresultsfromanongoingstudyinTexassuggestthatelementary-schoolchildrenwhoaregivenfour15-minutebreaksadayaresignificantlymoresympathetictowardtheirpeersthankidswhodon’tgetbreak.語篇解讀本文是一篇爭論文。文章談論的是關于學生的“休息”。“休息”允許孩子們設計自己的嬉戲，測試他們的實力，角色扮演和解決他們自己的沖突——這些活動是發展社會技能和管理困難狀況的關鍵。13.Whatcauses“thebreakmoms”tostartafight?A.Pupilslackofoutdoorplay.B.Poorschoolmanagement.C.Absenceofeducationlaws.D.Inequalityamongstudents.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據第一段中的“...agroupofparentsknownas‘thebreakmoms’hasbeenfightingtopassalawguaranteeingthestate’selementary-schoolstudentsatleast20minutesofdailyfreeplay.”可知，選A。14.Inoneseriesofexperiments，researchersfindthat.A.childrenbehavebetterwhenletoutearlierB.kidswaitinglongerareunabletostayfocusedagainC.third-gradershavedifficultyinfocusingontasksD.fourth-gradersaremoreconcentratedwithoutabreak答案A解析推理推斷題。依據第四段中的“Inoneseriesofexperiments，researcherscontrolledbreakstarttimes.Somedayschildrenwereletoutat10am，andotherdaysat10∶30.Thekids’attentivenessdecreasedwhentheyhadtowaitlongerforbreak，andrefreshedthemselvesaftertheyplayed.”可知，在一系列的試驗中，探討人員發覺，孩子們早一點被放出去會表現得更好。故選A。15.Whatcanweinferifwecanensurechildrenacertainamountofdailybreak?A.Theyescapefromlifeconflicts.B.Theymaystrengthendependence.C.Theyaremoreconsideratetowardsothers.D.Theyareeagertomanagecomplicatedsituations.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的“InitialresultsfromanongoingstudyinTexassuggestthatelementary-schoolchildrenwhoaregivenfour15-minutebreaksadayaresignificantlymoresympathetictowardtheirpeersthankidswhodon’tgetbreak.”可知，假如我們能保證孩子們每天有確定的休息時間，我們能推斷出“他們對別人更愛護”。故選C。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·南通泰州七市高三一調)WhenIwas13yearsold，Istoppedspeaking.I’mstillnotexactlysure16—IthinkIfeltthatwordsgotmeintotrouble.Theboysinmyclasswerealways17me，tellingmetoshutup.Oneday，I18intouncontrollablesobsbehindthesportshall.Sothroughoutmy19，Iclammedup—dealingwiththewiderworldonlyinwhispersandshrugs.Myisolation(孤立)ledtoindescribable20thatnothingcouldrelieve.Icouldn’t21orsocialise.Then，at15，apsychologistsaw22inme—shesaidIwasintelligentbut23，andneededtochangeschoolsforafreshstart.Myparentssentmetoadifferentcomprehensive.IknewnooneandIhadthechanceto24myself.Cheeredbythepsychologist’s25inme，Iworkedhardandbecameaswot(刻苦學習的人).Asaresult，myparentswere26.Finallyat20，Iwasreferredtoapsychiatristandhediagnosedmewithamildformofautism(自閉癥).Itwassucha(n)27toknowwhatwashappeningthatIcriedonthebusonthewayhome.Ittookafurtherfiveyearsto28again，adecisionthatwasasmuchasurprisetomeasitwastoeveryoneelse.I29myselfhard，becomingmoreconfident.Gradually，I30myspeech.Idefinitelygetmorethanusualpleasurefromtheuseof31.It’sstillsuchafreshexperienceforme32differentwords—onesthatcansoundsocomplex，andcarrysomuch33.WhenIthinkofwhatIhave34，Ifeellikecrying，butIdon’t