PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.For

questions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）、B）、C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththe

informationgiveninthepassage.

TheThree-YearSolution

HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNewYork,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earn

yourundergraduatedegreeinthreeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000—theamountofoneyearnstuitionandfees.Anumber

ofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudentsanxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.Thatsbothanopportunityanda

warningforthebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.

TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinesesurveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthe

top50,eightamongthetop10.Ourresearchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthathelp

Americansproduce25%ofalltheworld'swealth.In2007,623,805oftheworld'sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmerican

universities.

Yet,therearesignsofperil（危險）withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmay

chooseamong6,000public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.Inaddition,almostallofthe532

billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversityresearchisawardedcompetitively.

Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaofthefall-to-spring^schoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuch

sincebeforetheAmericanRevolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorgeWashingtonUniversity

presidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypicalcollegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthe

calendarvear/V/hilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpensesthatcontributetothehighcostofrunning

acollege/hehaswritten.

Withinacademicdepartments,tenure（終身職位），combinedwithage-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover—criticalfora

universitytoremaincurrentinchangingtimes—difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouragingdiversityandinnovativethinking,

thetenuresystemoftenstifles（壓制）them:youngerprofessorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraging

like-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.

Meenwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedentedloandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanage

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theseproblemsarebecominghardertofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheirpresidents.The

averageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompleteanundergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudents

interruptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemorefootballseasonfindithardtograduate.

CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsandotherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixes

havemadetheproblemworse.Thestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnowstandstwiceastall

asIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuitiondollar.

Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldwayofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-old

assumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegreemeans.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,16first-

yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledintheschool'snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,

theplanisdesignedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyortomovealongmorerapidlytowardadvanced

degrees.

Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake

40.DuringJanuary,Hartwickrunsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroffcampus,includinga

numberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,butastudentmayenrollinthem—andpayextra.Threeyearstudents

getfirstcrackatcourseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachorintheirpay.

Thethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,

hasofferedstudentsathree-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shorttermsMinMayandJunetoearnthecreditsrequiredfor

graduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.

Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformanystudentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.

OneoffivestudentsarrivesatcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement（AP）creditsamountingtoasemesterormoreofcollegelevelwork.

Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolsliketheUniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.

Forstudentswhodon'tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-yearplanmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.John

Sergent,headofVanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool'sresidency（住院醫生）program,enrolledinVanderbiltsundergraduatecollegein

1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdidfourorfiveofhisclassmates."Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmy

senioryear,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.Ibasicallyskippedmysenioryear/*saysSergent.

Hestillhadtimetobeastudentsenatorandmeethiswife.

Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimeto

roam（遨游）intellectually.Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimetorgrowingup,engaginginextracurricular

activities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesitcouldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor'sclass.Iowa's

WaldorfCollegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,butitnowphasingouttheoption.Most

Waldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-yearexperience—academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbewaryofany

changethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudentsintotheworkforce.

“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthislight—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessand

continuececonomicgrowth,“DerekBok,formerpresdentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost."\stronglydisagreewiththisapproach??

Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmighteventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursforfaculty

members.

Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.ThosethatwishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampus

morecost-consciousmayfinditeasiertotakeTrachtenbergsadvice:opencampusesyear-round."Youcouldruntwocompletecolleges,

withtwocompletefaculties/hesays."That'swithoutcuttingthelengthofstudents,vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultyto

teachmore/

Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,challengethetenuresystem—oralloftheabove—

universitiesareslowlyrealizingthattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.

Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthanaskingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,asking

legislatorsformorestatesupport,oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadoptconvenientschedules

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alongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthattheyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.

ThesesortsofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡1上作答。

1.WiydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?

A)Tccreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.

B)Tocutstudents*expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.

2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.

A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange

B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth

C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse

D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring

3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.

A)suppressescreativethinkingC)guaranteesacademicfreedom

B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination

4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?

A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.

B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.

QItsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.

D)Semesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.

5.WiatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogram?

A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.

B)Itsopentothebrighteststudentsonly.

C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.

D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.

6.Wnatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsea*nundergraduatedegreesinthreeyears?

A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents'needs.

B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.

C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.

D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.

7.Wnatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?

A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.

B)Studentsdon'thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.

C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.

D)Studentsdon'thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.

8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintotheworkforcemightposeathreatto

9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworldinorde'to

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10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegreeswillbemoreattractiveto.

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormore

questionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestionthere

willbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意:此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答.

11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.

B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.

C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.

D)Thedoctorstherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.

12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.

B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.

C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.

D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister's.

13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.

B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.

C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.

D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.

14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.

B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.

C)BiyanexpensivegiftforGemma.

D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.

15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.

B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.

C)TdlTon/smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.

D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.

16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.

B)Theimpactofmassmedia.

C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.

D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.

17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.

B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.

C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopnent.

D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.

18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.

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B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.

C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.

D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.

B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.

C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.

D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.

20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.

B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.

C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.

D)Swimstraightintothesametank.

21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.

B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.

C)Bethdolphinswereputinthesametank.

D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins,reach.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.

B)Inalectureroom.

C)Inaresorttown.

D)Onacattlefarm.

23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.

B)Itsatthecentreotthefashionindustry.

C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.

D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.

24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.

B)ItslocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.

C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.

D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.

25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.

B)Therefreshingair.

C)Themineralwaters.

D)Thevastgrassland.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassage

andthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),

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B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passageone

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)HespecializesforUniversitystudents.

B)HestartspecializedsinseUniversity.

C)Hespecializedininterpersonalrelationship.

D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.

27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.

B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.

C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.

D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.

28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.

B)Theywereoftheuniversity'shousingpolicy.

C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.

D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.

29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.

B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.

C)Theygrewboredofeachother.

D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.

Passagetwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.

B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.

C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.

D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.

31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.

B)ItnasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.

C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.

D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.

32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.

B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.

C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.

D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.

B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.

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C)Heisahabitualcriminal.

D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.

34.A)Thejury'sprejudiceagainsthisrace.

B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.

C)Thetwovictims*identification.

D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.

35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.

B)Frghtenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.

C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayersquestions.

D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefully

foritsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withthe

exactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,you

caneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadfor

thethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分的試題請在答題卡2上作答。

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweak

economicrecoverywillallowonlya(36)improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation(37)said.

Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)anestimated7percentduetoa(39)

inU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.

Thei；40)ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuande

DiosCastro,who(42)thenation/sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.

“(43)roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoreditticult."CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.

(44).Asa

result,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,Castrosaid."Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,“Castrosaid.

(4S).And

childrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorwordinrestaurants.

(46).

Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthecountr/stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountries

suchasBrazilandChile.

PartIVRsadingComprohension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Then

answerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhousegasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.But

whilemuchoftheresearchandinnovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybedecadesbeforeclean

technologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionofourenergyneeds.

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Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimitsproposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimate

Change(IPCC).wAslongaswe'reconsumingfossilfuels,we'reputtingoutCO2,MsaysKlausLackner,ageophysicistatColumbia,University"

WecannctlettheCO2intheatmosphereriseindefinitely.”

ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,whichtheIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%

reductioninemissionsthoughtneededtoreduceglobalwarming.z/Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplayanintegralrolein

reducingemissions/*saysKimCorley,Shell'ssenioradvisorofCO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgaining

support.TheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4billicncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplants

carbon-capturetechnologieswouldserveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.

Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou'vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputittonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakota

capturesCO2ataplantthatconvertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelinetoCanada,whereitis

pumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.IntheNetherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,

increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.

However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevastamountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2

incoalminesorliquidstorageintheocean.ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchassaline(鹽的)formationsand

exhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughouttheworld.

注意：此部分試題請在答想卡2上作答。

47.Vt/hataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pcllutingenergyalternatives?

48.WhatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthereductionofCO2emissions?

49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristostoreitand.

50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.

51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestiorsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachof

themtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

questions52tobbarebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseit

appearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkrroreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMain

Street,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothe

currenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behavioringeneral.

“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexert

moreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,“saysMauriceSchweitzer,

anassociateprofessoratPenn*sWhartonSchool.

“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal-youjustgetapsychologicabenefit“Schweitzersays."Butinmany

cases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.H

ApdmeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradnggiantEnron,wheremanagersused

financialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenot

profitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecasein

theearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaontsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocomplete

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unnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

Schv/eitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.

Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhis【eam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-

settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal(反駁)paper.Dr.EdwinLockewrite5：MGoal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocused

ontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose//

ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence“linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelp

spotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.,zEvenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmany

positiveeffects/*hesays.

"Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrong

organizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”

Schweitzersays.

注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。

52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B)Thegoalincreasepeople/sworkefficiency.

C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

53.Vi/hatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?

A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

54.bowdidSears'goal-settingaffectitsemployees?

A)Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.

B)Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmerecustomers.

C)Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeet