培優(yōu)提能限時練(一)(限時：40分鐘滿分：50分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AImperial(皇家的)BricksImperialbricksweremadecompletelyforimperialbuildings，especiallypalaces，intheMingandQingDynasties.MainlymadeinSuzhou，thebricksweretransportedthroughtheGrandCanaltoBeijing.Theyhaveafinequality，andarestrongandhard.Theyhaveapureblue-greencolorlikeamirrorandproduceametalsoundwhenknocked.Giventheirhighcost，theyareproperlycalledthegoldenbricks.Thecraft(工藝品)hasbeenonthenational-levelintangibleculturalheritagelistsince2006.PekingDuckPekingduckhasbeenafamousdishfromBeijingsincetheimperialtimes，characterizedbyitsdeliciousskinandmeat.Thecookedduckiscutintopiecesandeatenwithgreenonion，cucumberandsweetbeansauce，oftenwithpancakerolledaroundfillings.Itwasselectedasanational-levelintangibleculturalheritagein2008.ShadowPlay(皮影)Shadowplayisanancientformofstorytellingthatusesflatcut-outfiguresorshadowplaybetweenasourceoflightandascreen.Varioussighteffectscanbeachievedbymovingboththedollsandthelightsource.ItispopularinmanyplacesalongtheGrandCanal，includingHebeiandZhejiang.In2011，ChineseshadowplaywaslistedontheUNESCORepresentativeListoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.KunquOperaKunquopera，oneoftheoldestexistingformsofChineseopera，camefromKunshanofwhatisnowSuzhouCityinJiangsuProvince.Usingemotionallinesfrompoetryclassicsandthroughsweetandbeautifulsinging，itmadeprogressinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver，andnaturallyreachedotherpartsofthecountryviatheGrandCanal.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四項中國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。)1．Whichmakesimperialbricksgetthenameofgoldenbricks?A．Theircolor. B．Theirvalue.C．Theirshape. D．Theirhistory答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知，帝王磚(御磚)得到金磚之名是因為它的成本和價值高。故選B。2．WheredidthelinesofKunquoperacomefrom?A．Theaterwriters. B．Ancientstories.C．Classicpoems. D．Famousmagazines.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Usingemotionallinesfrompoetryclassics”可知，昆曲的臺詞來自經(jīng)典詩詞。故選C。3．Whatisaculturalheritageoftheworld’slevelaccordingtothetext?A．Shadowplay. B．Pekingduck.C．Kunquopera. D．Imperialbricks.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，2011年，中國皮影戲被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列入人類非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)代表作名錄，故皮影戲是世界水平的文化遺產(chǎn)。故選A。BIhadheardaboutVR(虛擬現(xiàn)實)beingusedintheclassroombutdidn’tthinkI’devertryit.IactuallygotaVRheadset(耳機(jī))asaNewYearpresentfrommyfriendandstartedsearchingforappsonlinetoseewhetheritcouldbeusefulinmyclassroom.IsoonfoundafreeappthroughGoogleCardboardandknewIhadalesson!TouseVRintheclassroom，youneedtwothings:asmartphonethatcandownloadtheapporvideo，andaheadset.Tofindtheactualvideoswe’dbewatching，IsearchedthroughfreeVRappslikeOrbulus，TrenchExperienceVRandCardboard.IalsofoundhundredsofvideosonYouTube.Thekeyistofindvideosmadewiththe360cameras.Whiletheydon’tgivethekidsa3-Dexperienceliketheapps，theyarestillamazinglyimmersive(沉浸式虛擬現(xiàn)實的)whenviewedthroughtheheadsets.Sofarwe’vehadthreelessons.IfirstusedtheheadsetswithmyseventhgradeU．S.Historyclass.TheTrenchappallowsstudentsto“walk”throughatrench(戰(zhàn)壕)duringWorldWarⅠandlearnaboutmanyofthetoolsusedduringthattime.MysecondactivitywasworkingwiththesixthgradeGeographyclass.Theyusedtheheadsetsstrictlyasviewerstowatcha360videotakingthemthrougharockylandscape.Myfinalactivitywasthemostinterestingone，accordingtothereactions(反應(yīng))ofmyeighthgradeCivicsstudents.IwasabletofindaWhiteHouse360tourthatwasmadeafewyearsago.Fortherestofthisyear，Iplantocontinueusingappsand360videosinmyclasses.NextyearI’mgoingtowritetomybossaskingfora360videocamerasothatIcanbegintocreatemyownVRfieldtripsforthestudents.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者用VR為學(xué)生提供沉浸式課堂并受到學(xué)生們的歡迎的故事。4．WhendidtheauthorgettheideaoftryingVRinherclassroom?A．Whenshewassearchingforappsonline.B．AftershereceivedaVRheadsetasagift.C．Whenshewashavingaconversationwithherfriend.D．AftersheheardaboutVRbeingusedintheclassroom.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第二句可知，作者收到一個VR耳機(jī)作為禮物后想到了在課堂上嘗試進(jìn)行運用。故選B。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A．Thekids. B．Theapps.C．Thevideos. D．Theheadsets.答案C解析代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Thekeyistofindvideosmadewiththe360cameras.”以及下文“theyarestill...whenviewedthroughtheheadsets”可推知，指示代詞they指的是前文中360度攝像頭拍攝的“videos”。故選C。6．WhichstatementofthethreeVRlessonsistrue?A．ReactionsofstudentsintheCivicslessonarebest.B．WalkingthroughatrenchduringWorldWarⅠscaredthestudents.C．StudentsexperiencedarockylandscapeintheU．S.Historyclass.D．AWhiteHouse360tourmadeafewyearsagowasnotsuitableforwatch.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句可知，根據(jù)八年級公民學(xué)課的學(xué)生反應(yīng)，這節(jié)課是最有趣的。也就是說，三節(jié)課中，公民學(xué)課堂上學(xué)生反應(yīng)最好。故選A。7．Whatwilltheauthordonextyear?A．Buya360videocamera.B．Create360videosbyherself.C．Takeherstudentsonmorefieldtrips.D．Trynewteachingmethodsinherclasses.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段末句可知，作者明年要自己制作360度視頻。故選B。CImaginebeingabletoseeperfectlyinthedark.Thisdreamhasbecomearealitythankstoanewlydevelopedtechnology.Thistechnologyconsistsofathinfilmthatwillbeplacedonthelenses(鏡片)ofcommonglasses.Thefilmischeaptomake，easytoproduce，andislightweight.Itisactually100timesthinnerthanahair.Yet，despiteitstinysize，itsperformanceisimpressive；thisspecialfilmallowsyoutoseeinthedark.Thistechnologyisabletotransforminfraredlight(紅外光)，normallyinvisibletothehumaneye，andturnthisintoimagespeoplecansee.Comparedtoanimals，humanshaveveryimpoverishednightvision.Overtheyears，nightvisiondevices(設(shè)備)havebeendevelopedtohelpthemedical，industrial，andscientificworlds.Scientistsareabletostudynight-timeanimalsbyusinginfraredcameras，whilecompaniesuseinfraredimagingforfoodqualitycontrol.Traditionalinfrareddevicesworkbydiscoveringtheheatofanobject.Theyuseacoolerinlowtemperatureandcanbeeasilyinfluencedbytheheatnoise.Suchshortcomingledtheteamintoexploringanimproveddevice.Theirnewdeviceisabletofunctionatroomtemperature.Thenewtechnologyisunlikethetraditionaldevices.Oncethisnewnightvisionisusedtoall，itcouldsavelives.Driverswillbeabletoseebetteratnight，especiallywhendrivingonunlightedroads.Policecanusethemwhensearchingatnight，andhikerswholosetheirwaycanfeelmoreconfidentwalkinginthedark.Theinventorsareexcitedtomakethepracticaluses.“Whilethisisthefirstexperiment，weareactivelyworkingtofurtheradvancethetechnology.Ofcourse，themanyusesareexcitingandseeinginthedarkopensupanewworldforall，”saidMohsenRahmani，leaddeveloperofthetechnology.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新科技，能夠?qū)⑼ǔＧ闆r下人們所看不到的紅外光轉(zhuǎn)化為人們能看到的物象。8．Whatdoweknowaboutthefilmaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A．Itcostsalottomake.B．Itisdifficulttoproduce.C．Itlookslikeregularglasses.D．Ithelpsusseeinthedark.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Yet，despiteitstinysize，itsperformanceisimpressive；thisspecialfilmallowsyoutoseeinthedark.”可知，這種薄膜能夠幫助人們在黑暗中看到東西。故選D項。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“impoverished”inparagraph2mean?A．Clear. B．Poor.C．Amazing. D．Effective.答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Thistechnologyisabletotransform...andturnthisintoimagespeoplecansee.”可知，通常情況下，人們看不到紅外光。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中“studynight-timeanimalsbyusinginfraredcameras”可知，人們需要紅外攝像機(jī)來幫助研究夜間活動的動物，說明人們很難用肉眼直接研究夜間的動物，表明人在黑暗中視物能力弱。故選B項。10．Whatdoesparagraph4focusonaboutthenewtechnology?A．Itslikelybuyers.B．Itsfutureimprovements.C．Itspracticalapplications.D．Itsworkingconditions.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Driverswillbeabletoseebetteratnight...Policecanusethemwhensearchingatnight，andhikerswholosetheirwaycanfeelmoreconfidentwalkinginthedark.”可知，本段主要講了新技術(shù)的一些實際應(yīng)用。故選C項。11．WhatcanbeinferredaboutthetechnologyinMohsen’swords?A．Itneedstobefurtherdeveloped.B．Itisnotexcitingenoughtoscientists.C．Ithasbecomeahitintheexperiment.D．Ithasbeenavailabletocommonpeople.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilethisisthefirstexperiment，weareactivelyworkingtofurtheradvancethetechnology.”可知，研究者正在積極努力改善這一技術(shù)，說明這一技術(shù)還不完善，需要進(jìn)一步研發(fā)和改善。故選A項。DYouwanttolosesomeweightbyexercisingandeatinghealthily，onlytofindwhenyousteponthescale(秤)itsaysyou’vegainedafewpounds.“That’snormal，anditdoesn’tmeanthatyourworkoutsarenoteffective，”saysJeffreyA．Dolgan，anexercisephysiologistinMiamiBeach，F(xiàn)lorida.airthatwecarryinourlungs，”hesays.“Immediatelyafteraworkoutroutine(慣例)，thepercentageofmassineachbodypartcanshiftasmuchas15percent.Soifyou’regainingweightwhileworkingoutandeatinghealthily，it’sprobablynotthetypeofweightgainthatyouthinkitis.”Thescalecan’ttellyouhowmuchofyourbodyweightismuscleorfat，whichmeansifyourgoalistoimproveyourfitnesslevel，thescaleisnotthebesttoolformeasuringimprovements.Whenyoustarttochangeyourbodycompositionwithyourworkouts—bybuildingmoremusclemassanddecreasingyourbodyfat—yourscaleweightmayincrease，whileyourbodyfatpercentagemaydecrease.Thesechangeshappenoverweeksandmonths(nothoursordays)sothescaleisuselesswhentrackingthem.Youmayarguethatyouweighafewpoundslessafterahighintensity(強(qiáng)度)trainingclass.Don’tgettooexcited—it’sjustwaterlossduetosweat.Watermakesupabout65to90percentofaperson’sweight，andchangeinwatercontentofthehumanbodycanmovethescalebytenpoundsormorefromdaytoday.Soignorethescaleandpaymoreattentiontoobjectivemeasurementtoolslikebodycomposition.Keepinmindthatifyou’reexercisingbutgainingweight，youmayactuallylookslimmer.語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為什么鍛煉會導(dǎo)致體重增加。12．WhatcanweknowfromDolgan’swordsfromparagraph2?A．Yourscalemassisaffectedbymanyfactors.B．Yourweightchangesverylittleduringaday.C．Yourworkoutisnoteffectiveifyougainweight.D．Yourweightisdeterminedonlybymuscleandfat.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，一個人的體重是肌肉、脂肪、骨骼、血液，甚至是肺部攜帶的空氣的組合，在鍛煉后，每個部分的質(zhì)量百分比會發(fā)生變化，故可推知，你的體重受許多因素影響。故選A。13．Whatwillmostprobablyhappenafteryouexerciseandeathealthilyfor3months?A．Youwillweighmore.B．Yourmusclemasswilldecrease.C．Yourbodyfatwillincrease.D．Yourbodycompositionwillchange.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三句可知，在你鍛煉和健康飲食3個月后，你的體重可能會增加，但你的體脂百分比可能會下降，即最有可能的是你的身體組成會發(fā)生變化。故選D。14．Whydopeoplelosesomeweightafterahighintensitytrainingclass?A．Becausetheirfatreduces.B．Becausetheirmusclereduces.C．Becausetheysweatalot.D．Becausetheirbonesbecomelighter.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段前兩句可知，人們在參加高強(qiáng)度的訓(xùn)練班后會減輕體重是因為他們出汗很多，體內(nèi)水分流失。故選C。15．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyDoWeGainWeight?B．HowDoWeWorkOutEffectively?C．WhatIstheCompositionofOurBody?D．WhyDoesMyWorkoutCauseWeightGain?答案D解析標(biāo)題歸納題。第一段提到一個現(xiàn)象：你想通過鍛煉和健康飲食來減肥，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)秤上顯示你又長了幾磅，下文對此進(jìn)行了分析，所以D項“為什么我的鍛煉會導(dǎo)致體重增加？”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選D。Ⅱ.七選五(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Travelisanimportantpartofyourlife，anditwillmakeacomebacksoon.Herearethemostpowerfulbenefitsoftraveling，includinghealth，happiness，andmore!1FromrunningtogettoairportsandtrainstationstohikingalongthebeachtogetsomevitaminD，therearesomereasonswhytravelisbeneficialtoyourhealth.Accordingtoastudy，traveldecreasestherisksofheartattacksandmakesyourbrainhealthy.Travelcancontributetoyourhappiness.2Ifyoucangooutandescapefromyourwork，lessonsoranyotherthingspossiblyweighingyoudown，youwillsurelyhaveasmileonyourface.Travelwillalsoleaveyouwithalonger-lastingsenseofhappiness.Travelrelievesstressandanxiety.AccordingtoatrialconductedbyAustrianresearchersandpublishedintheInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalResearchandPublicHealth，oneofthegreattravelbenefitsisthatitcanreducestresslevelandanxiety.Evenjustoneshortvacationhaspositiveeffectsonyouremotions.3Travelenablesyoutoexperiencenewthings.Whenyoutravel，youaresteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone，foro