Unit4

LearningAboutLanguageV-ing作賓語和表語一、V–ing用作賓語動詞-ing形式在句中,可以作部分動詞后面的賓語,也可置于介詞之后作賓語,即動賓結構和介賓結構。一、V–ing用作賓語有些動詞(短語)后,只能跟V-ing形式作賓語,常見的有:avoid,consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡),keep,finish(完成),suggest,dislike,delay(推遲),escape,imagine,mind(介意),miss(錯過),practise,stand(忍受),excuse(原諒),fancy,putoff,can’t

help(禁不住)

等。Doyouenjoy

teaching?Icouldn’thelp

laughing.

1.作動詞的賓語。有些動詞(短語)后,既能接V-ing作賓語,也能接不定式todo作賓語,且意義基本相同。這類動詞有:like,love,prefer,hate,begin,start,continue等。一般來說，這些動詞后接-ing作賓語通常指抽象的、一般的行為；而接todo則強調具體動作。AfterthetalkwithhisEnglishteacher,hebegan

liking/tolikeEnglish.有些動詞(短語)后,

既能接V-ing形式作賓語,也能接不定式todo作賓語,

但意義不同。如:forget,regret,remember,mean,try,stop。forgetdoingsth.

忘記做過某事(已做)forgettodosth.

忘記去做某事(未做)meandoingsth.

意味著做某事meantodosth.

打算做某事在少數表示

“需要”的動詞(need,want,require,deserve,desire)后,接V-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,

相當于動詞不定式todo的被動形式。Yourcompositionneeds

correcting/tobecorrected.Theplantsrequire

watering/tobewateredeveryday.sth

need/want/require/deserve/desire+doing

=sthneed/want/require/deserve/desire+tobedone常見的介詞+V-ing：about,of,at,for,on,in,like…Sheinsistedon

writingatonce.Idon’tfeellike

going

tothemovie.2.作介詞的賓語。一、V–ing用作賓語begoodat,careabout,beconcernedabout,beinterestedin,insiston,

feellike(想要),aimat(目的在于),setabout(著手做)等。to作介詞

+V-ing一、V–ing用作賓語beusedto(習慣于),devote…to(致力于),objectto(反對),payattentionto,getdownto(開始認真做),leadto,lookforwardto,stickto(堅持)

等。spend…(in)doingsth.wastetime(in)doingsth.bebusy(in)doingsth.

havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.一、V–ing用作賓語省略介詞

+V-ing3.用

it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是V-ing形式。其結構如下：I

foundituseless/nousecryingaboutit.Theprofessorconsidersitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.主語+think/consider/believe/find/make/feel+it+…+doing…一、V–ing用作賓語二、V–ing用作表語表語:位于系動詞之后,用來說明主語的具體內容(身份、性質、特征、狀態)。當V-ing形式作表語時,總是跟在系動詞之后,構成復合謂語,兼具動詞、名詞和形容詞的特征。二、V–ing用作表語名詞性,說明主語的內容是什么,這時主語和表語位置可以互換。形容詞性,說明主語具有的特征、性質和狀態,這時主表不可互換。Herjobis

teaching.V-ing作表語有兩種情況:Theproblemisquitepuzzling.IdentifytheusesoftheV-ingformSheenjoyslearningaboutbodylanguageindifferentcultures.?

the-ingformusedastheobject;?

learning…cultures在句中作動詞enjoy的賓語,說明enjoy的對象是“了解不同文化背景下的肢體語言”。Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.?

the-ingformusedasthepredicative;?

usingbodylanguage在系動詞is后作表語，說明主語“thecrucialthing”的內容。3.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatpeoplearethinkingbywatchingtheirbodylanguage.?

the-ingformusedastheobject;?

watchingtheirbodylanguage在句中作介詞by的賓語,意為“（通過）觀察他們的肢體語言”。4.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.?

the-ingformusedasthepredicative;?

smiling在系動詞is后作表語，說明主語的內容。5.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.?

the-ingformusedastheobject;?

making…Germany在句中作動詞avoid的賓語，意為“在巴西和德國做這個手勢”。6.Expertssuggestsmilingatyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappierandstronger.?

the-ingformusedastheobject;?

smiling…mirror在句中作動詞suggest的賓語，意為“對著鏡中的自己微笑”。7.Elsewhere,peop