工程管理專業英語EnglishforProjectManagement講授人：Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsPART02目錄CONTENTSDialogueSectionABuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionSectionBLead-inUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsLead-inIdentifythepicturesbelow.Matchthemwiththewordsinthebox.residenceskyscraperswarehouseSectionADialogue1HTWWEngineeringdecidestoemployconstructionengineerstooverseeandinspectthedifferentstagesoftheirbuildingprojectandHRhaspostedjobvacanciesontheirofficialwebsite.OneofthejobseekersMr.Zhangiscomingforinterviews.Ms.Linisreceivinghim.Z=Mr.ZhangL=Ms.LinUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1Z:Goodmorning,it’sapleasuretomeetyou.I’mhereforthejobinterview.L:Nicetomeetyou,Mr.Zhang.I’vereceivedyourresumeandlookedthroughitquitecarefully.Ihavetosayyou’reoneofthemostqualifiedcompetitorsforthisjob.Z:Thanks,I’moverjoyedtohearthat.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:Nowifyouallowme,I’mgoingtoaskyousomequestionsrelatedtoyourself,bothprofessionallyandpersonally.Thefirstthingis:whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany?Z:IwouldliketoworkatHTWWEngineeringbecauseoftheexcellentreputationithasfordoingajobefficiently,butalsoinawaythatenhancesthestructuresothatitrepresentsthehighstandardsofthisindustry.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:Great,thanksforyourtrustandcomplimenttous.I’veseenthatyou’vedonesomeamazingprojectswithothercompanies,sowhatwerethebiggestchallengesthatyouoncefaced?Z:Inmyopinion,thebiggestchallengethatI,asacivilengineer,oncefacedwasdealingwithclientswhowantedtotakeshortcutsinordertogetthejobdoneontime.Persuadingtheclientthattakingshortcutsisnotonlyunethicalbutcanalsobedangerouswasdefinitelyadifficulttask.Itisimperativetogaintheircooperationinordertoprotecttheintegrityofthecompany.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:That’sindeedaverycommonbuttrickyissue.I’msuretheuppermanagementwillassistyouwiththis.Andasyouwillbeworkingonsitemostofthetimes,howwouldyoumaintainasafeworkenvironment?Z:Safetyonaconstructionsiteismyabsolutetoppriority.WheneverI’monajobsite,Ilookaroundtoensurealltheworkershavetherightpersonalprotectiveequipment,orPPE,onandthatalltoolsandmaterialsaresafelystored.Ifconstructionemployeesdon’thavethenecessarysafetyequipment,Iasktheworksupervisortostopworkuntilallemployeesareappropriatelyprotected.TheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration,orOSHA,hasclearguidelinesforconstructionsitesafety,whichIensurearefollowedontheworksite.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue1L:Thankyouforyourimpressiveanswers,Mr.Zhang.I’mdonewithmyquestionsandIappreciateyoutime.NowI’mgoingtowalkyouthroughthedutiesyouhaveforthisjob,yoursalaryandworkingtime,andalsobenefitsthatourcorporationprovidesforyou.Z:Yes,ofcourse.Thankyou.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsoversee[?o?v?r?si?]v.towatchoveranddirect(anundertaking,agroupofworkers,etc.)inordertoensureasatisfactoryoutcomeorperformance監督；監視inspect[?n?spekt]n.toexamineofficially檢查post[po?st]v.topublish,announce,oradvertisebyorasifbyuseofaplacard張貼；發布，公布Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsqualified[?kwɑ?l?fa?d]adj.havingcompliedwiththespecificrequirementsorprecedentconditions(asforanofficeoremployment)有資格的；具備…的學歷（或資歷）；具備…的知識(或技能)overjoy[?o?v?r?d???]v.tofillwithgreatjoy使狂喜compliment[?kɑ?mpl?m?nt]n.anexpressionofesteem,respect,affection,oradmiration贊美；稱贊Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsshortcuts[???rt?k?ts]n.amethodormeansofdoingsomethingmoredirectlyandquicklythanandoftennotsothoroughlyasbyordinaryprocedure(做某事的)快捷辦法，捷徑unethical[?n?eθ?kl]adj.notconformingtoahighmoralstandard不道德的imperative[?m?per?t?v]adj.nottobeavoidedorevaded急需處理的Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsintegrity[?n?teɡr?ti]n.firmadherencetoacodeofespeciallymoralorartisticvalues誠實正直priority[pra????r?ti]n.thequalityorstateofbeingprior優先事項Dialogue1Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsuppermanagement高層管理層onsite在現場；實地personalprotectiveequipment個人防護裝備OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration美國職業安全與健康管理局SectionADialogue2Jake,aninternjournalist,isgoingtointerviewMr.Hall,whoisapavementengineerspecializedinroadworksfromJacobsEngineeringCorporation.Hereisaconversationbetweenthem.J=JakeH=Mr.HallUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue2J:Hello,Mr.Hall.It’smygreathonortohavetheinterviewwithyou.I’mJake,aninternjournalist.CanIaskyousomedetailedquestionsaboutyourwork?H:Yes,sure.Nicetomeetyou,Jake.J:Sobuildingaroadcantakequitealongtime,isn’tit?H:Well,nottoscareyou,butitcantakeweeks,monthsoryearstobuildaroad.Itrequiresmachinery,manpowerandconsiderableamountsofcapital.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue2J:Butwhatisthefirstthingthatyoudo?H:Technically,beforeanyconstructiontakesplace,theroad’s

designandroutemustbepreciselyplannedbydesignconsultants,civilengineersandsurveyors.Thisinitialphasecancostasmuchas15%ofthebudget.Itrequiresexpertisetocalculatethemorecomplexaspectsoftheroad.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionADialogue2J:Whataspectsspecifically?H:Forexample,thegradient,radiusandbankangle,aswellasenvironmentalimpactandarea-specifictopography.J:Thatsoundsliketonsofwork.H:Indeed.J:Thankyouverymuch,Mr.Hall.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsroadwork[?ro?d?w??k]n.workdoneinconstructingorrepairingroads

道路工程manpower[?m?npa??r]n.poweravailablefromorsuppliedbythephysicaleffortofhumanbeings勞動力capital[?k?p?tl]n.accumulatedpossessionscalculatedtobringinincome資金Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordssurveyor[s?r?ve??r]n.onethatsurveys測量員；檢驗員；（土地）勘測員expertise[?eksp??r?ti?z]n.theskillofanexpert專業知識；專長gradient[?ɡre?di?nt]n.therateofregularorgradedascentordescent（尤指公路或鐵路的）坡度Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionANewWordsradius[?re?di?s]n.alinesegmentextendingfromthecenterofacircleorspheretothecircumferenceorboundingsurface半徑（長度）topography[t??pɑ?ɡr?fi]n.theartorpracticeofgraphicdelineationindetailusuallyonmapsorchartsofnaturalandman-madefeaturesofaplaceorregionespeciallyinawaytoshowtheirrelativepositionsandelevations地形；地貌；地勢；地形學Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAPhrasesandExpressionsinternjournalist實習記者pavementengineer道路工程師bankangle滾轉（傾斜）角Dialogue2Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise1Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothedialogues.1.Indialogueone,thejobseekerMr.Zhangisnewtothefieldofengineering.2.Mr.ZhangwantstoworkatHTWWEngineeringmainlybecauseofitsfame.3.ThebiggestchallengeforMr.Zhangistopersuadetheclienttotakeshortcuts.4.AccordingtoMr.Hallindialoguetwo,ittakesyearstobuildroads.5.Theinitialstepofbuildingaroadisplanningtheroad.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise2Oralpractice:Pairwork.Usethequestionsbelowtointerviewyourpartner.Thenchangeroles.1.1.Whydoyouwanttoworkasanengineer?

。2.Whatisgoingtobethebiggestchallengeofyourcareer?

。

3.Howwouldyoumaintainsafetywhileworkingonsite?

。Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise24.Haveyoueverbeentotheconstructionsite?Ifyes,whathaveyoulearntoutsidethetextbook?

。

5.Whatisthefirststepofbuildingaroad?

。Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionAExercise3PracticalActivity:Workwithyourpartnerandmakeaconversation.

SupposeyouareMr.Wang,andyourcompanyisrecruitinglocomotiveengineers.Makeaconversationwithyourneighbororpartner.Theresultofthediscussionwillbereportedtothewholeclass.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionBuildingmaterialisanymaterialthatcanbeusedforconstructionpurposes.Theconstructionindustryusesavarietyofbuildingmaterialsfordifferentaspectsofahomebuildprocess.Architectsconsultwithstructuralengineersontheload-bearingcapabilitiesofthematerialswithwhichtheydesign,andthemostcommonmaterialsareconcrete,steel,wood,masonryandstone.Eachhasdifferentstrength,weightanddurability,whichmakesitrightforvarioususes.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionIntheoldentimes,peoplehavebeenusingpurebricks,orwood,orstraw.Butinthismodernage,engineershavelearnedtomixandmatchtherightmaterialstocomeupwithhigherqualitystructures.Ofcourse,thechoiceisalwaysbasedontheclient’sbudgetandtheeffectivenessofthematerialsinbuildingprojects.Architectsalsochoosematerialsbasedoncostandaesthetics.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionBuildingmaterialsareusuallycategorizedintotwosources:naturalandmanmade.Manynaturalsubstanceswereusedinconstructionarewood,sand,clay,rocks,wood,andeventwigsandleaves.Someofthesearestillwidelyusedinthemodernconstructionscene,especiallyinAmerica,wheremosthousesarestillmadeofwood.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionManyman-madematerialscameoutinthepreviousyearsandsomearesynthetic.Althoughnotnatural,someareusedtomakeeco-friendlyhouseslike3Dhousesthatactuallypassthegreenconstructionstandards.Qualitybuildingtakesmorethanjustconstructioncrewmanagement.Morethanthattherightbuildingmaterialsshouldbeproperlyanalyzeddependingontheclient’srequirements,thesite,andmoreotherconsiderationslikeweatherconditions.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionTherightbuildingmaterialshaveabigimpactonthequalityofthestructure.Nomatterhowproficientaconstructionteamiswhenthematerialsarecheapandsubstandard,thebuildingwillstillseemanyproblemsandwon’tlastlong.Sadly,theselectionofrightbuildingmaterialsisoftenoverlooked.Manyprojectplannerstendtocutcornersandpushasidetheuseofthebestqualitymaterials.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionOften,costisthereasonforchoosingalternativematerialsthataren’tasgoodastheoriginalchoice.Butclientsneedtoconsiderthattheycandeliverthehighestqualitybuildingtotheirtenantsbyusingthemostsuitablematerials.Thisalsoensuresthesafetyanddurabilityofthebuilding.Hereisalistofbuildingmaterialsthatarecommonlyusedinconstructionarebelow.Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionSteelisametalalloyofironandcarbonandoftenotheralloyingmaterialinitscompositiontomakeitstrongerandmorefracture-resistantthaniron.Stainlesssteelsresistcorrosionandoxidationbecauseoftheadditionalchromiumintheirmake-up.Becauseitissostrongcomparedtoitsweightandsize,structuralengineersuseitforthestructuralframeworkoftallmodernbuildingsandlargeindustrialfacilities.Someofitsqualitiesinclude:Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials1.SteelSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Steelhashighstrength-to-weightandstrength-to-sizeratios.(2)It’shigh-costrelativetoothermetals.Structuralengineerscanconsultonchoosingthemostcost-effectivesizestouseinahousetosupporttheactualloadonthebuilding.(3)Steelislesstime-consumingtoinstallthanconcrete.1.SteelSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(4)Itcanbeinstalledinanyenvironment.(5)Chrome,gold,andsilveraregenerallyusedforfinishesordecorationbecausetheylackthetensilestrengthofsteel.1.SteelSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsConcreteisacompositematerialmadeoffineandcoarseaggregateboundtogetherbyaliquidbindersuchascementthathardensorcuresovertime.Portlandcementisthemostcommontypeofcement,andisafinepowder,producedbyheatinglimestoneandclaymaterialsinakilnandaddinggypsum.SoPortlandcementconcreteconsistsofthemineralaggregate,boundwithPortlandcementandwater.Aftermixing,thecementhardensorcuresintothestone-likematerialwethinkofasconcrete.2.Concrete

SectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials（1）Strengthvariesdependingonthemix.Supplierstotheconcreteindustryusuallyprovidethematerialsusedfortheirconcreteandtesttheconcretemixforitsstrength.（2）Concretecanbepouredintoaformtotakevirtuallyanyshapeandhardenintoamaterialsimilartostone.（3）Ittakesatleastsevendaystocure,soengineersandarchitectsmustfactorinthathardeningtimewhentheydevisebuildingschedulesforconcreteconstruction.Concreteattributes:

SectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials（4）Itsversatility,cost,andstrengthmakeittheidealmaterialforahousefoundation.Sinceitcancarryaheavyloadandwithstandtheforcesfromthesurroundingenvironment,aconcretehomefoundationiscommon.（5）Toincreasethetensilestrengthofconcrete,engineersoftenplanforittobereinforcedwithsteelrodsorbarsrebar.Concreteattributes:

SectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsAmongtheoldest,orperhapstheoldest,ofbuildingmaterials,woodhasbeenusedforthousandsofyearsandhaspropertiesthatmakeitanidealbuildingmaterial—eveninthedaysofengineeredandsyntheticmaterials.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsForconstructionuse,woodpiecesaremachine-planedandcutintostandarddimensions,suchas2”x4”(1.5”x3.5”actual)and2”x6,”(1.5”x5.5”actual)sothattheirmeasurementscanbeaccuratelyfactoredintobuildingplans—thisisknownasdimensionallumber.Woodinlargersizesisusuallyreferredtoastimberorbeamsandisoftenusedtoconstructtheframesoflargestructureslikebridgesandmulti-storybuildings.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSometreespeciesarebetterforsomeusesandforuseinsomeclimatesthanothers.Structuralengineersandarchitectscandeterminewhichtypeofwoodisidealforaconstructionproject.Thedistinguishingtraitsofwoodstructureareasfollows:3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Itisreadilyavailableandaneconomicalnaturalresource.(2)Woodisrelativelylightweightandeasytostandardizeinsize.(3)Itprovidesgoodinsulation,whichiswhymanyarchitectsandengineerslikeusingitforhomesandresidentialbuildings.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(4)Woodhashightensilestrength—keepingitsstrengthwhilebending—andisverystrongwhenbeingcompressedvertically.(5)Becauseitislightweightandneedstobepressuretreatedtocomeintocontactwithsurroundingsoil,woodisalesspopularchoiceforfoundationsorbasementwalls.Moreoften,wood-framedhomesusuallyhaveareinforcedconcreteorpierandbeamfoundations.3.WoodSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsThelongestlastingbuildingmaterialavailableistheonethat’sbeenhereforthousandsofyears:stone.Infact,themostancientofbuildingsstillinexistenceintheworldaremadeofstone.Ithasmanyadvantages,thoughengineersandarchitectsmustmakesomespecialconsiderationswhenplanningabuildingusingstone.4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsIthasmanyadvantages,thoughengineersandarchitectsmustmakesomespecialconsiderationswhenplanningabuildingusingstone.Theadvantagesofstonearelistedbelow:4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Drystonewallsmadeofdenserockhavebeenusedforthousandsofyears.Differentformsofmortarwerelaterusedtoholdthemtogether.(2)Becauseitissodense,stonecanbedifficulttoworkwithbecauseofitsweightandthedifficultyinmovingit.(3)Stoneisnotanefficientinsulator,sinceitisdifficulttokeepwarm.4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(4)Variousstonetypesarebestfordifferentuses.Forinstance,slateisfire-resistant.Graniteisoneofthehardeststonesandoneofthemostdurableproductsavailable;theIncasusedlimestoneorgranitetobuildtheirincrediblystrongbuildings.4.StoneSectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsMasonryconstructionusesindividualunits(suchasbricks)tobuildstructuresthatareusuallyboundtogetherbysomekindofmortar.Historically,claybrickswereformedinamoldandkiln-fired.Thestrongestandmostcommonlyusedmasonryunitnowisaconcreteblock,whichmaybereinforcedwithsteel.Glass,brick,andstonecanallbeusedinamasonrystructure.5.Brick/MasonrySectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(1)Masonryisdurableandfire-resistant.(2)Thismethodofconstructionisabletoresistcompressionloads,whichmakesitagoodmaterialforload-bearingwalls.5.Brick/MasonrySectionB

BuildingMaterialsCommonlyUsedinConstructionUnit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterials(3)Reinforcedwithconcrete,orincombinationwithreinforcedconcrete,masonrycansupportmulti-storybuildings,andcanbeaneconomicalchoice.(4)Whileitisastrongmethodtouseinmanytypesofconstruction,lastingmasonryinstallationcandependonthequalityofmortarandworkmanship.5.Brick/MasonrySectionBNewWordsarchitect[?ɑ?rk?tekt]n.apersonwhodesignsbuildingsandadvisesintheirconstruction建筑師；設計師load-bearing[lo?d?ber??]adj.carryingloadsforuseinconstruction承重；承載capability[?ke?p??b?l?ti]n.thequalityorstateofbeingcapable能力；才能Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmasonry[?me?s?nri]n.somethingconstructedofmaterialsusedbymasons磚石結構；磚石建筑durability[d?r??b?l?ti]n.abilitytoexistforalongtimewithoutsignificantdeteriorationinqualityorvalue耐久性；耐久（用）性budget[?b?d??t]n.theamountofmoneythatisavailablefor,requiredfor,orassignedtoaparticularpurpose預算Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsaesthetics[??sθ?t?ks]n.abranchofphilosophydealingwiththenatureofbeauty,art,andtasteandwiththecreationandappreciationofbeauty(審)美學substance[?s?bst?ns]n.physicalmaterialfromwhichsomethingismadeorwhichhasdiscreteexistence物質；物品twig[tw?ɡ]n.asmallshootorbranchusuallywithoutitsleaves細枝；小枝Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordssynthetic[s?n?θet?k]adj.of,relatingto,orproducedbychemicalorbiochemicalsynthesis(人工)合成的；人造的crew[kru?]n.acompanyofpeopleworkingononejoborunderoneforemanoroperatingamachine技術人員團隊；專業團隊proficient[pr??f??nt]adj.welladvancedinanart,occupation,orbranchofknowledge精通的；熟練的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordssubstandard[?s?b?st?nd?rd]adj.deviatingfromorfallingshortofastandardornorm不達標的；不合格的overlook[?o?v?r?l?k]v.torefusetotakenoticeof忽略；未注意到alternative[??l?t??rn?t?v]adj.offeringorexpressingachoice可供替代的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordstenant[?ten?nt]n.onewhohastheoccupationortemporarypossessionoflandsortenementsofanother房客；租戶alloy[??l??]n.asubstancecomposedoftwoormoremetalsorofametalandanonmetalintimatelyunitedusuallybybeingfusedtogetheranddissolvingineachotherwhenmolten合金composition[?kɑ?mp??z??n]n.themannerinwhichsomethingiscomposed組合Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsfracture[?fr?kt??r]n.theactorprocessofbreakingorthestateofbeingbroken斷裂；破裂resistant[r??z?st?nt]adj.giving,capableof,orexhibitingresistance—oftenusedincombination有抵抗力的stainless['ste?nl?s]adj.highlyresistanttostainorcorrosion不生銹的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordscost-effective[?k??st??fekt?v]adj.producinggoodresultswithoutcostingalotofmoney性價比高的；有成本效益的time-consuming[?ta?mk?nsu?m??]adj.usingortakingupagreatdealoftime費時的；耗時間的tensile[?tensl]adj.capableoftension抗張的；可拉長的Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsfineaggregate[fa?n??ɡr?ɡ?t]n.thatportionoftheaggregateusedinconcretethatissmallerthanabout3/??inch細骨料coarseaggregate[k??rs??ɡr?ɡ?t]n.theportionoftheaggregateusedinconcretethatislargerthanabout3/??inch粗骨料harden[?hɑ?rdn]v.tomakehardorharder變硬；(使)硬化Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmineral[?m?n?r?l]n.impregnatedwithmineralsubstances礦物(性)的；含礦物的virtually[?v??rt?u?li]adj.almostentirely實際上；幾乎devise[d??va?z]v.toforminthemindbynewcombinationsorapplicationsofideasorprinciples發明；設計；想出Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsversatility[?v?rs?t?liti]n.thequalityorstateofbeingversatile技術全面；用途廣泛withstand[w?e?st?nd]v.tostandupagainst；opposewithfirmdetermination承受；抵住；頂住reinforce[?ri??n?f??rs]v.tostrengthenbyadditionalassistance,material,orsupport加固；使更結實；給…加強力量(或裝備)Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmulti-story[?m?lti?st??ri]adj.ofabuilding:havingmorethantwostories多層的readily[?red?li]adv.withoutmuchdifficulty便利地；快捷地relatively[?rel?t?vli]adv.toarelativedegreeorextent相當地；相對地Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordslightweight[?la?twe?t]adj.lackinginearnestness,ability,orprofundity輕量的，薄型的insulation[??ns??le??n]n.thestateofbeinginsulated隔熱(或隔音、絕緣)材料compress[k?m?pres]n.toreduceinsize,quantity,orvolumeasifbysqueezing(被)壓緊；精簡Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBNewWordsmortar[?m??rt?r]n.aplasticbuildingmaterial(suchasamixtureofcement,lime,orgypsumplasterwithsandandwater)thathardensandisusedinmasonryorplastering灰漿；砂漿workmanship[?w??rkm?n??p]n.thequalityimpartedtoathingintheprocessofmaking手藝；技藝；工藝Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBPhrasesandExpressionsprojectmanagement結構工程師consultwithsb.咨詢；與（某人）磋商（說明）comeupwith想出；提出（計劃、想法等）becategorizedinto…被分類為…Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBPhrasesandExpressionshave/hasanimpacton對…有影響cutcorners圖省事；走捷徑pushaside把…放到一邊；排擠Unit2ArchitectureClassificationandBuildingMaterialsSectionBExercise11.Whichofthefollowingelementswouldmorelikelybelongtotheclient’sconcernwhenitcomestochoosingbuildingmaterials?A.capabilitiesofthematerialsB.effectivenessofthematerialsC.weatherconditionsD.thebudgetChoosethebestanswer