PPTcoursewareforEnglishGrammarNouns目錄TypesofNounsThenumberofnounsThepositivecaseofnounsThenatureofnounsThecaseofanoun01TypesofNounsABDCPropnounAnounthatreferstoaspecificperson,place,orthing,suchas"America"or"John"CommonnowAgeneraltermusedtorefertoagroupofpeople,places,orthings,suchas"car"or"flower"CountablenounAnounthatcanbecountedandtakenthedefinearticle"a"or"an"inthesingularform,suchas"dog"or"cat"UncountablenounAnounthatcannotbecountedanddoesnottakethedefinearticle"a"or"an",suchas"milk"or"bread"PropertyterminationCommonnoun010203Commonnounsareusedtorefertoagroupofpeople,places,orthings,ratherthanaspecificindividualCommonnounsareoftenassociatedwithgeneraltermsorcategories,suchas"car","flower",or"tree"CommonnounscanbecountableoruncountabledependingonthecontextinwhichtheyareusedCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecountedandtakenthedefinearticle"a"or"an"inthesingularformCountablenounsareassociatedwithspecificindividualsorobjects,suchas"dog","cat",or"car"CountablenounscanbeeithersingularorpluraldependingonthecontextinwhichtheyareusedCountablenounUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecountedanddonottakethedefinearticle"a"or"an"Uncountablenounsareassociatedwithsubstances,materials,orconceptsthatcannotbeseparatedintoindividualunits,suchas"milk","bread",or"happiness"UncountablenounscanbeeithersingularorpluraldependingonthecontextinwhichtheyareusedUncountablenoun02Thenumberofnouns

ThenumberofcountablenounsCountablenounsarenounsthatcanbecountedandhaveasingularandpluralformCountablenounsarecommonlyanimatedorhaveaspecificphysicalform,suchas"dog,""cat,""apple,"etcCountablenounscanbemodifiedbyobjectivesandothernouns,andcanbeusedinmeasurementexpressionsUncountablenounsarenounsthatcannotbecountedanddonothaveasingularorpluralformUncountablenounsarecommonlyabstractorhaveageneralconcept,suchas"love,""happiness,""knowledge,"etcUncountablenounscannotbemodifiedbyobjectivesorothernouns,andcannotbeusedinmeasurementexpressionsThenumberofuncountablenouns010203CollectivenounsCollectivenounsarenounsthatrefertoagroupofthingsorpeople,suchas"team,""family,""audience,"etcMaterialnounsMaterialnounsarenounsthatrefertomaterialsorsubstances,suchas"wood,""metal,""water,"etcAbstractnounsAbstractnounsarenounsthatrefertoabstractideasorconcepts,suchas"freedom,""truth,""beauty,"etcSpecialformsofnouns03ThepositivecaseofnounsPositivecaseisusedtoshowownershipofathingbyapersonorgroupofpeopleItisformedbyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenounForexample,"John'scar"meansthatthecarbelongstoJohnThepassivecaseisalsousedtoshowsessionofathingbyanonlivingentity,suchasacountryoracompanyForexample,"thecompany'sheadquarters"meansthattheheadquartersbelongstothecompanyPositivecaseTheposition"of"isoftenusedwiththepositivecaseItisusedtoshowsessionorownershipofsomethingForexample,"thehouseoftheSmiths"meansthatthehousebelongstotheSmithfamilyTheposition"of"isalsousedwithcollectivenounstoshowpositionorownershipofsomethingForexample,"thegovernmentoftheUnitedStates"meansthattheUnitedStatesisgovernedbyitsgovernmentOfpassivecaseThedoublepositiveisagraphicalconstructionthatcombinesboththepositivecaseandthepositivecaseItisformedbyaddingbothanapostropheandan's'totheendofthenoun,anditisusedtoshowpositionorownershipofsomethingbysomeoneelseForexample,"John'smother'scar"meansthatthecarbelongstoJohn'smotherDoublegenetic04ThenatureofnounsMasculinenounsaretypicallyassociatedwithmaleindividualsorobjectsthathaveaMassachusettsqualityTheyaremanuallyannotatedbythedefinedarticle"the"inEnglishMasculinenounSomeexamplesofmasculininenounsinclude"man","father","brother",and"actor"Masculinenoun01Shenoun02ShenounsareminornounsthataretypicallyassociatedwithfemaleindividualsorobjectsthathaveaminorqualityTheyarealsoverballyannotatedbythedefinearticle"the"inEnglish03Someexamplesofshenounsinclude"woman","mother","sister",and"address"MasculinenounNeutralnounsarethatdonothaveamasculinineorfemininegenderassociationTheyarenotannotatedbyanyspecificarticleinEnglishSomeexamplesofneutralnounsinclude"table","car","dog",and"cat"Neutralnoun05ThecaseofanounNominalcaseThisisthecaseusedwhenthenounisthesubjectofthesentenceItisalsousedwhenthenounisthedirectobjectofaverborapositionExample"Thecatsatonthemat."Inthispresence,"cat"isinthenominalcasebecauseitisthesubjectofthepresenceNominalcasePositivecasePositivecaseThiscaseisusedtoshowpositionorownershipItisformedbyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenounExample"Thecat'smat."Inthisphrase,"cat's"isinthepassivecasebecauseitshowssessionsofthematbythecatDifferencebe