學習目標：感知關系代詞引導的定語從句。掌握關系代詞引導的定語從句。語法感知：感知以下課文原句，完成方框下的小題1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecity，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun，aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.3.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.4.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.7.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.___________引導，修飾名詞或代詞，置于被修飾詞的后面。2.關系代詞which，that，who在定語從句中可以作________語，也可以作________語或________語；關系代詞whose在定語從句中作________語。自主學習：在主從復合句中，修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個主句的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞的主要作用是連接主句和從句，并在從句中充當一定的句子成分。關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞兩種，關系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose等；關系副詞有when，where，why等。關系詞先行詞從句成分who人主語，賓語whom人賓語whose人，物定語，譯為“……的……”that人，物主語，賓語which物主語，賓語一、關系代詞的用法1.who指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledintheaccidentwasover100.在那次事故中喪生的人數超過了100。HeisthemanwhoImetyesterday.他就是我昨天遇見的那個人。2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語，常可省略。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老師經常表揚的那個男孩是他們的班長。注意：(1)關系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who/that來代替。Theboy(who/whom/that)wesawyesterdayisJohn’sbrother.昨天我們看到的那個男孩是約翰的哥哥。(2)在從句中作介詞的賓語且直接跟在介詞后時，用whom，不用who。Themantowhomyouspokejustnowisarelativeofmine.剛才和你說話的男人是我的一個親戚。which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。Thebookwhichcosthim20$waslostyesterday.花費了他20美元的那本書，昨天丟了。Thegoldmedal(which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.她獲得的那塊金牌已經被送給她的母校了。4.that既可以指人，相當于who或whom；也可以指物，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時可省略。Thewoman(that/who/whom)Ireadaboutinthenewspaperhasjustwonagoldmedal.我在報紙上讀過相關報道的那位女士，她剛剛贏得一枚金牌。Thereport(that/which)MrTurnerhandedinwasaboutthemotorrace.特納先生遞交的報告是關于汽車比賽的。注意：(1)宜用that不宜用which的情況①當先行詞是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代詞時。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.一切能做的都已經做完了。②當先行詞被all，every，some，any，little，much，theonly，thevery，theright，thelast，just等修飾時。Musicistheonlythingthatinterestsme.音樂是唯一令我感興趣的東西。③當先行詞是序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverread.這是我曾經讀過的最有趣的故事。④當先行詞中既有人又有物時。Shedescribedinherpositionthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。⑤當主語是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?哪些是你買給我的書？(2)宜用which不宜用that的情況①關系代詞前有介詞時。ThehouseinwhichIusedtolivehasbeeashoeshop.我過去住的房子現在已經變成了一家鞋店。②在非限制性定語從句中。Haveyoueverreadthebook，whichwaswrittenbyayounggirl?你讀過這本由一個年輕女孩寫的書了嗎？③先行詞本身就是that時。What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?剛才在天空中一閃而過的是什么？④關系代詞后有插入語時。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich，Ithink，canhelpimproveyourEnglish.這就是那本我認為能幫你提高英語水平的英語語法書。(3)宜用who不宜用that的情況①當先行詞是指人的不定代詞時，如：one，ones，anyone。Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.誰那樣做都一定是瘋了。②當先行詞是I，you，he，they等人稱代詞時(常用于諺語中)。He_________doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.翻譯為：________________________________________________He_________laughslastlaughsbest.翻譯為：________________________________________________③當先行詞為指人的those時。Those_______havegoodmannerswillbehighlyrespected.那些有禮貌的人會受到人們的高度尊重。④在therebe結構中，先行詞指人時。Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.有一個年輕人想見你。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時，“whose＋名詞”可用“限定詞＋名詞＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋限定詞＋名詞”來代替。Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.(＝Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecoverisgreen.)請遞給我那本綠皮的書。Thisisthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.就是這個人的故事讓所有人感到吃驚。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokencanhold40students.那間被弄壞了門的教室能容納40個學生。=Theclassroom_________________isbrokencanhold40students.=Theclassroom_________________isbrokencanhold40students.二、使用定語從句的注意事項1.關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。Thesuitcasethat/which__________(lie)onthegroundishers.地上放的那個手提箱是她的。注意：“oneof＋復數名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用復數形式；“theonlyoneof＋復數名詞”作先行詞，謂語動詞用單數形式。Thisisoneofthebookswhich________(was/were?)writtenbyCharlesDickens.這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書的其中一本。Heistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswho________(has/have)learnedFrench.他是我們班男生中唯一一個學過法語的。2.為避免關系詞的重復，被關系代詞所代替的成分不可在從句中重復出現。[譯]昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。[______]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.(判斷正確/錯誤)[______]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.3.關系代詞的省略。(判斷正確/錯誤)(1)關系代詞作主語時不能省略。(2)作動詞賓語的關系代詞可以省略。作介詞賓語的關系代詞，如果不直接位于介詞后，可省略；如果直接位于介詞后，則不能省略。Wevisitedthehouse(that/which)LuXunoncelivedin.＝WevisitedthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.我們參觀了魯迅曾住過的房子。(3)關系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中不能省略。達標反饋Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople_________losttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.Those_________wanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.Thefirstmuseum________hevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilm_________youarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowtheperson_________housewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.Itisthetallestbuilding_________DaoMingsihasseeneversincehecamehere.7.Myfatherboughtanewbikeforme_________priceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.8.Shesaidshewoulddoanything_________couldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9.Anyone_________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedog_________areinthepictureareverylovely.11.Sincetheoldmanhasstoppedbreathing，thereislittle_________Icandoforhim.12.Igetalongwellwiththeboy_______________doeswellinmaths.13.Doyouknowthelady__________________ourEnglishteacheristalkingtonow?14.We’recollectingmoneyforthose_________homesweredestroyedbytheearthquake.15.Pleasepassmethebook_________coverislightgreen.16.Ivisitedtheschoolyesterday_________wasbuiltfiftyyearsago.17.Thegirl_________isspeakingtothewholeclassisourmonitor.18.Yesterdaywasoneofthecoldestdays_________Ihaveeverknown.19.Thereareatotalof1,000workersinthispany，twothirdsof_________arewomen.20.Imisstheteachersandthekindergarten_________myparentsthinkhighlyof.Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子21.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowtheman__________________________________?22.Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.→Thewoman________________________________ismymother.23.Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Thehouseismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahouse__________________________.24.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedress___________________________.25.ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisateacher.→Thegirl_________________________________isfromAmerica.26.Theroomismine.Itswindowsfacenorth.→Theroom_________________________________ismine.III.完成句子27.Thisisthehotel_____________________________whenIwastravellinghere.這是我在這兒旅行時住過的旅館。28.Jackwasherbestfriend_____________________________.杰克是她最好的朋友，從他那里她借了一輛車去旅行。29.Thisistheverybook_____________________________.這就是我正在找的那本書。30.WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoems_____________________________intheTangDynasty.我們將學習唐朝時寫的一些中國詩歌。31.Sheisoneofthegirls_____________________________.她是通過考試的女孩之一。32.Sheis_____________ofthegirlswho_____________thefirstprize.她是唯一一個已經獲得一等獎的女孩。高考鏈接單句語法填空1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全國Ⅲ)2.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose_________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.(2019·北京)3.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014_________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2018·全國Ⅰ)4.Manywesterners_________etoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)5.In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme，oneof_________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(2017·江蘇)6.Thelittleproblems_________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(2017·北京)答案：語法感知：who，which，that，whose引導，修飾名詞或代詞，置于被修飾詞的后面。2.關系代詞which，that，who在定語從句中可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語；關系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語。自主學習：who,不到長城非好漢；who,笑到最后的人笑得最好。who;thedoorofwhich,ofwhichthedoorlies,were,has錯誤;正確達標反饋Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.2.ThosewhowanttogototheEnglishpartymustbeattheschoolgateby7∶30pm.3.ThefirstmuseumthathevisitedinChinawastheHistoryMuseum.4.Thefilmthat/whichyouarelookingforwardtoseeingwillbeontomorrow.5.Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.6.ItisthetallestbuildingthatDaoMingsihasseeneversincehecamehere.7.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1,000yuan.8.Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9.Anyonewhohashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.10.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.11.Sincetheoldmanhasstoppedbreathing，thereislittlethatIcandoforhim.12.Igetalongwellwiththeboythat/whodoeswellinmaths.13.Doyouknowtheladythat/whom/whoourEnglishteacheristalkingtonow?14.We’recollectingmoneyforthosewhosehomesweredestroyedbytheearthquake.15.Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverislightgreen.16.Ivisitedtheschoolyesterdaythat/whichwasbuiltfiftyyearsago.17.Thegirlwho/thatisspeakingtothewholeclassisourmonitor.18.YesterdaywasoneofthecoldestdaysthatIhaveeverknown.19.Thereareatotalof1,000workersinthispany，twothirdsofwhomarewomen.20.Imisstheteachersandthekindergartenthatmyparentsthinkhighlyof.Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子21.Doyouknowtheman?Themanspoketotheheadmasterjustnow.→Doyouknowthemanwho/that

spoke

to

the

headmaster

just

now?22.Thewomanismymother.Youarelookingafterher.→Thewoman(that/who/whom)

you

are

looking

afterismymother.23.Mygrandparentsliveinahouse.Thehouseismorethan100yearsold.→Mygrandparentsliveinahousewhich/thatismorethan100yearsold.24.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.→LastweekMaryworethedress(that/which)

I

gave

to

her.25.ThegirlisfromAmerica.Herfatherisateacher.→Thegirlwhose

father

is

a

teacherisfromAmerica.26.Theroomismine.Itswindowsfacenorth.→Theroomwhose

windows

face

northismine.III.完成句子27.Thisisthehotel(that/which)

I

stayed

atwhenIwastravellinghere.這是我在這兒旅行時住過的旅