考研外語沖刺密卷16

一、UseofEnglish

1、Theeffectofthebabyboomontheschoolshelpedtomake

possibleashiftinthinkingabouttheroleofpubliceducation

inthe1920)s.Inthe1920's,butespecially[1]theDepression

ofthe1930's,theUnitedStatesexperienceda[2]birthrate.

Thenwiththeprosperity[3]onbytheSecondWorldWarandthe

economicboomthatfollowedit,youngpeoplemarriedand[4]

householdsearlierandbeganto[5]largerfamiliesthanhad

their[6]duringtheDepression.Birthratesroseto102per

thousandin1946,106.2in1950,and118in1955.[7]economics

wasprobablythemostimportant【8】，itisnottheonly

explanationforthebabyboom.Theincreasedvalueplaced[9]

theideaofthefamilyalsohelpsto[10]thisriseinbirth

rates.Thebabyboomersbeganstreaming[11]thefirstgrade

bythemid-1940,sandbecamea[12]by1950.Thepublicschool

systemsuddenlyfounditself[13]Thewartimeeconomymeantthat

fewnewschoolswerebuihbetween1940and1945.[14],large

numbersofteacherslefttheirprofessionduringthatperiod

forbetter-payingjobselsewhere.

[15],inthe1950,s,thebabyboomhitanantiquatedand

inadequateschoolsystem.Consequently,thecustodialrhetoric

ofthe1930'snolongermade[16);keepingyouthsagessixteen

andolderoutofthelabormarketbykeepingtheminschoolcould

nolongerbeahigh[17]foraninstitutionunabletofindspace

andstafftoteachyoungerchildren.Withthebabyboom,the

focusofeducators[18]turnedtowardthelowergradesandback

tobasicacademicskillsand[19].Thesystemnolongerhad

much[20]inofferingnontraditional,new,andextraservices

toolderyouths.

(1)

A.in

B.for

C.at

D.on

2、(2)

A.accelerating

B.strengthening

C.declining

D.fluctuating

3、(3)

A.took

B.produced

C.brought

D.carried

4、(4)

A.adopted

B.incorporated

C.administered

D.established

5、(5)

A.increase

B.raise

C.erect

D.generate

6、(6)

A.predecessors

B.successors

C.processors

D.oppressors

7、⑺

A.Since

B.Despite

C.Although

3

D.Unless

8、(8)

A.tenant

B.determinant

C.lubricant

D.repentant

9、(9)

A.at

B.on

C.for

D.with

10、(10)

A.demonstrate

B.interpret

C.exhibit

D.explain

IK(H)

A.through

B.across

C.into

D.towards

12、(12)

4

A.creek

B.flood

C.bonus

D.pledge

13、(13)

A.overtaxed

B.overdosed

C.overweighed

D.overlapped

14、(14)

A.Moreover

B.However

C.Otherwise

D.Thus

15、(15)

A.Nevertheless

B.Therefore

C.Furthermore

D.Hencefore

16、(16)

A.sense

B.meaning

5

C.sensible

D.meaningful

17、(17)

A.notoriety

B.compatibility

C.proximity

D.priority

18、(18)

A.refutably

B.indispensably

C.inevitably

D.respectively

19、(19)

A.conference

B.symposium

C.seminar

D.discipline

20、(20)

A.ability

B.advantage

C.benefit

D.interest

6

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

It'snevertooearlyortoolateforaparenttobecomeateacher.

Inthisageofteacheraccountability,endlessschooltesting,

increasedpressureandcompetition,andtheproliferationof

“educational"toys,toomanypeopleforgetthatsuccessbegins

athome.

FreemanA.HrabowskiIII,presidentoftheUniversityof

Maryland,BaltimoreCounty,andco-authorofBeatingtheOdds:

RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfricanAmericanMalesand

OvercomingtheOdds:RaisingAcademicallySuccessfulAfrican

AmericanYoungWomen,saysthatintheinterviewsheandhis

co-authorsconducted,theoverwhelmingfactorintheir

children,sacademicachievementwasthatparentsinspiredand

envisionedtheirchildren'ssuccess.Theythoughtandtalked

aboutwhatwouldberequiredtohavea.successfulchild.

“Itjustmakessuchadifferencewhenthere'ssomeoneinthat

houseworkingtorelatetothatchildandinspirethatchild,“

Hrabowskisays."Theseparents(ofthehighachieversdiscussed)

arereallyinspirationalintheircommitmenttotheir

children.

ProfessorBarbaraT.Bowman,oneofthefacultyfoundersof

Chicago;sEriksonInstitute,anindependentinstitutionof

highereducationthatprepareschilddevelopmentprofessionals

forleader-ship,saysthatBlackchildrenmustlearnintwo

differentcultures-theAfrican-Americancultureinwhichthey

liveandthemainstreamcultureonwhichschoolandeducation

arebased.

Bowmanalsosaystherelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheir

parentsiscritical."Itistheearlyresponsivenessofthe

caregivertotheinfant,sbehavior,thatcreatesasenseof

well-beingandoptimismthataffectsthechild'sinterestin

learning,，zsaysBowman,whoservedaspresidentofthe

institutefrom1994tolastyear."Childrenwholikeandwant

topleasetheadultlearnbetterwhattheadultwantsthemto

learn.”

Inthisdayofhighlycompetitivetestingandthestressof

gettinghighSATorACTscores,it'simportantalsotoavoid

pressuringoroverexposingyourchild.Yoursonordaughteris

probablyalreadyfacingstressatschoolandontheplayground.

Yourroleistohelphimorherrelieveandmanagethatstress.

Helpthemtounderstandthatlifedoesnotendorbeginwith

atest.Andwhileacademicsuccessisimportant,it'salso

importanttokeepeverythinginperspective.Failureisa

relativeterminthegrandschemeofthings.Ifyourchilddid

poorlyonatest,butansweredaparticularlytoughquestion

correctly,stressthepositive.Ontheotherhand,if

schoolworkcomestooeasilytoyourchild,findotherwaysto

challengehimorhersotheyunderstandthatlifewon'talways

bethatway.

Accordingtotheauthor,theparentsofhighachieversare

usually.

A.successfulthemselves

B.teachers

C.inspirational

D.workinghard

2、

ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheAfrican-American

cultureis.

A.animportantpartofthemainstreamculture

B.thebaseofthemainstreamculture

C.differentinmanywaysfromthemainstreamculture

D.dependantonthemainstreamculture

3、

Whetherachildisinterestedinlearningdependson.

A.thecontenttheadultwantsthechildrentolearn

B.howpleasedtheparentsarewhenthechildrenarelearning

C.thefeedbacktheparentsgivetochildrenatanearlyage

D.thephysicalhealthofthechildren

4、

Thesuggestiongiveninthelastparagraphis.

A.toemphasizetheimportanceofsuccessforchildren

B.toavoidpressuringthechildrentoomuch

C.tochallengethechildrenasmuchaspossible

D.tousethepositiveeffectofpressure

5、

Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Howtoraiseahigh-achievingchild

B.Successfulstudentswhoseparentsareteachers

C.Keyfactorsforchildren(ssuccess

D.Motivationandchallenge:whatdochildrenneedmost?

6、Lastyear,onegroupofstudentsinTaiwandidjustthat.

Theytookchances-andendedupinjail.Morethan20students

paidacramschoolownertohelpthemcheatonTaiwan'sentrance

exam,accordingtopolice.Thestudentsreceivedanswersto

testquestionsthroughcellphonesandotherelectronicdevices.

Taiwanisn'ttheonlyplaceinAsiatoseemajorcheating

scandals.InbothIndiaandSouthKorea,collegeentranceexams

havebeenstolenandsoldtostudents.

Academiccheatinghasrisendramaticallyoverthelastdecade.

DukeUniversityconductedasurveyof50,000universityand

18,000highschoolstudentsinAmerica.Morethan70percent

ofthestudentsadmittedcheating.Just10yearsearlier,only

56percentsaidtheyhadcheated.Thistrendextendsfarbeyond

theU.S.,too.InAsia,wherestudentsfaceintensepressure

toexcel,thecheatingproblemisespeciallypronounced.Inmany

Asiancountries,astudent'sperformanceismeasuredmostlyby

examscores.Andadmissiontoatopschooldependsonacing

standardizedtests.Thistest-drivenculturemakescheatingan

easywayforstudentstogetaheadinasuper-competitive

academicsystem.

Butthepressuretoperform,wellontestsisn'ttheonlything

turningstudentsintocheaters.Forone,newtechnologymakes

cheatingeasierthanever.Studentsnowhavemoresophisticated

optionsthanjust"cheatsheets"hiddeninpencilboxes.

Today'stech-smartstudentsusetext-messagingtodiscreetly

sendeachothertestanswers.Theypostquestionsfrom

standardizedtestsoninternetbulletinboards.Studentsin

Asia,forexample,havepostedquestionsfromtheTestof

EnglishasaForeignLanguage(TOEFL)andtheGraduateRecord

Exam(GRE).

Deeperissuesthantechnologyandtesting,however,maybe

leadingtotheriseinacademicdishonesty.Bothstudentsand

educatorssaythatsocietyofferstoomanynegativerolemodels.

Businesspeoplemakemillionsandscientistsearninternational

acclaimbycheatingandlying.ThecaseofKoreanscientist

HwangWooSukoffersonepowerfulexample.Hefakedtheresults

ofhisstemcellresearchandbecameanationalhero.Frommany

sectorsofsociety,themessagetostudentsisloudandclear:

Cheatingisaneasywaytogetahead.

VictoriaLin,ahighschoolteacherinTaichung,sayseducators

mustbegintostressintegrityaswellasachievementin

academics.That'swhatshetriestoinstillinherstudents.

“Ialwaystellmystudents,'Howmuchisyourcharacterworth?

100points?90points?'"JerryChang,astudentatTaiwan，s

OrientalInstituteofTechnology,alsohaswordsofadvicefor

classmatesheseescheating."Whenyoucheatonexams,youonly

cheatyourself,“hesays,“becauseyouwon'tknowhowmuch

you'vereallylearned.”

Theexamplementionedinparagraph1meansto.

A.criticizethecramschoolfortheirpooreducation

qualities

B.highlighttheseriousnessofcheatinginTaiwan

C.showhowprevalenttheproblemofcheatingis

D.showsympathyforthosewhocheated

7、

Whatdoestheword“acing“mostprobablymean?

A.Extraordinarilygood.

B.Hardlysatisfactory.

C.Barelypassing.

D.Middling.

8、

Inparagraph3,theauthorfocusesonthefactorof.

A.pressuresrelatedtotests

B.advancedtechnologies

C.sophisticationofstudents

D.standardizedtests

9、

TheexampleofKoreanscientistHwangWooSukisquotedto

A.shifttotopicfromstudents'cheatingtoacademic

dishonesty

B.attributetheproblemofcheatingtothenegativeexamples

inoursociety

C.comparebusinesspeopleandscientistsincheatingscandals

D.blametechnologyasthemostimportantreasonforcheating

10、

Whatisthesuggestiongiveninthelastparagraphtotackle

theproblemofcheating?

A.Theteachingofvaluesshouldbegivenequal,ifnothigher,

priority.

B.Teachersshouldavoidtalkingaboutstudentstestscores

toomuch.

C.Educatorsshouldhaveareasonableexpectationfor

students'scores.

D.Schoolshouldaddintegrityaspartofthetestscores.

11、Anattempttowardstherectificationoftherotthathas

setinthesocialandnationallifeofthecountryisbeingmade,

withgreatenthusiasm,throughjudicialactivism.However

judicialactivismalonedoesnotsufficefortherectification

ofthisall-pervadingmalaise.Whatisurgentlyneededisthe

supportofothersocialagencies/institutions.Avery

importantroleinthismattercanbeplayedbymediaactivism,

thetopicunderdiscussiontoday.

Itisundoubtedlytruethatthepositionofmediaorjournalism

isnotthatofamissionbutofacommercialindustry.Thetruth

ofthematter,however,isthatourpresentjournalismisused

topresentingonlyhalfsideofthepicture.Thisistheroot

causeofallourproblems.Inviewofthepresentcircumstances

mediaactivismwouldamounttopresentabalancedreportingof

thesituationabandoningthepresentpolicyofselective

reporting.

Theprincipleofmodernjournalismcanbeunderstoodfromthis

saying:"Whenadogbitesamanitisnonews,butwhenaman

bitesadog,itisnews”.Onepracticalexampleofthismethod

isprovidedbyourpresentjournalismwhichisconstantly

engagedingivingmaximumcoveragetoanyhotnewscreatedby

anunrulysectionofMuslims.Ifthepercentageofhotnews

formsonlyonepercentthepercentageofsoftnewsisnotless

than99percent.Butthereadersofthenewspapersaretotally

inthedarkaboutthis99percentofthepicture,whereasthe

onepercentisbeingrepeated.SimilarlyifanextremistHindu

createshotnews,thiswillfindaplaceinallthenewspapers

thenextday.WhereasevenintheHinduworldthereis99percent

softnewswhilehotnewsformsnotmorethanonepercent.

Asaresultofthisonesidedstudy,unrealopinionisformed

byboththecommunitiesregardingoneanother.Takingextreme

formsthisunrealopinionattimesturnsintocommunalriots.

Theselectivereportingofthisnatureremainsapermanent

obstacletothepathofnationalintegration.

Fortherectificationofthisstateofaffairsapowerful

journalistsorganization-aswealreadyhaveformedforour

rights-basedontheprinciplesofsocialresponsibilitiesis

required.MediaRelationsForumisanorganizationwhichaims

atworkingforthisgoal.

AlongwiththisIshouldliketoputforwardaproposalfor

bringingaboutanatmosphereofsupportandcooperationbetween

thenewspapersandsocialworkers.Wheneverarumorspreadsor

agroupindulgesinanyactivitywhichmayleadtodisrupting

peace,socialworkersshouldimmediatelyengagethemselvesin

athoroughinvestigationofthematterandthenthroughthefull

supportofthenewspaperstheactualversionispublishedin

thenewspapers.Thisistheonlywaytomaintainpeaceand

harmonyincommunities.

Theword"malaise”(Line3,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

A.problem

B.definition

C.rectification

D.enthusiasm

12、

Whichoneofthefollowingisthecharacteristicofthecurrent

reporting?

A.Commercialreporting.

B.Balancedreporting.

C.Selectivereporting.

D.Problemreporting.

13、

TheexampleofthereportsaboutMuslimsisusedto.

A.analyzehowitisdifferentfromHindu

B.introducethenewsindustrythere

C.showcasehowthecurrentreportingisunbalanced

D.exemplifyhowreportingshouldbeorganized

14、

Fromthepassage,weknowthatMediaRelationForumis.

A.aseminarinwhichjournalistsfromdifferenceplaceslearn

andcommunicate

B.anorganizationpromotingsocialresponsibilitiesofmedia

C.amanagementbodytorectifyallkindsofmisconductof

media

D.anorganizationtoprotecttherightsandsafetyof

journalists

15、

Inthelastparagraph,theauthorfocusesonthe

responsibilitiesof.

A.newspapers

B.socialworkers

C.investigators

D.communities

16^Sportpsychologyresearchhasdocumentedtheimportant

roteofsignificantadultssuchasparentsandcoachesinyouth

participants'psychosocialdevelopmentandachievement

motivation.However,thesituationconcerningparentsand

coachesinyouthsportissomewhatofaconundrum一theroles

ofcoachandparentareoftensynonymous,suggestingnotsimply

anindependentrelationshipwiththechildparticipant.

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofliteraturehasemergedon

parentinfluenceinyouthsportbasedontheseandother

theories.First,researchshowsthatparentswhoaremore

supportiveandlesspressuringoftheirchildrenareassociated

withyouthparticipantswhoreporthigherperceivedcompetence,

enjoyment,andintrinsicmotivationtowardsport.Second,

parentswhoencouragetheirchild,sparticipationandexhibit

enjoymentofphysicalactivityarerelatedtochildrenwho

reporthigherperceivedcompetenceandattractiontoward

physicalactivity.Finally,parentswhoholdstrongerpositive

beliefsabouttheirchild，sphysicalcompetenceareassociated

withchildrenwhoreporthigherself-perceptions,valuetoward

sport,andphysicalactivitylevels.

AprevalentphenomenonofNorthAmericancultureisthe

parent-coachdualrole.Mostcoachesincompetitiveyouthsport

areparentsofoneormoreoftheirplayers.Brownestimated

thatabout90%ofthevolunteercoachesinagivencommunity

areaparentofoneormoreteammembers.Althoughonecan

forwardseveralpositiveaspectsoftheparent-coach

phenomenon,thereisalsothepotentialforyouthtoperceive

stressfromthisparent-childrelationship.Several

researchersreportedthatadolescentathletesfeltpressure

fromtheircoachesandparentstoperform,well,anddesired

thatparentsbesourcesofsocialsupportandleaveskilland

strategyinstructiontothecoach,sdomain.Collectively,

anecdotalaccountsandempiricaldatasuggestthatexploring

thebenefitsandcostsofparentscoachingtheirchildrenis

aworthytopicfromboththeoreticalandappliedperspectives.

Therefore,basedonpreviousresearchontheroleofparents

andcoachesinyouthdevelopment,thepurposeofthepresent

studywastogainknowledgeabouttheparent-coachphenomenon

incompetitiveyouthsport.Weaccomplishedthispurposeby

interviewingyouthsoccerplayerswhowerecoachedbytheir

parent,thechild'steammates,andtheparent-coach.Weexpect

thatchildparticipantswouldidentifybothpositiveand

negativeaspectsofhavingaparentastheircoach,inlinewith

previousresearch,butweweremostcurioustoknowifdifferent

issueswouldberaisedabouttheunique

parent-coach/chiId-athleterelationship.

Whatdoestheword"conundrum”(Line4,Para.1)mostprobably

mean?

A.Contradictory;withmanydisagreements.

B.Adifficultproblem.

C.Indistinctornotclearindefinition.

D.Notyethavingbeenascertainedordetermined.

17、

Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?

A.Theinfluencesfromparentstochildren，scompetencecan

beeitherpositiveornegative.

B.Parents,beliefsandbehaviorsarestronglyrelatedto

children，spsychologicalandbehavioraloutcomes.

C.Parentswhogivelesspressuringcanraisemorecompetitive

athletes.

D.Withtheencouragementfromparents,childrencanhave

innermotivationsthemselves.

18、

Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhetalkedaboutthe"dualrole”

ofparent-coachinNorthAmerican?

A.Somecoachesarealsoparentsoftheyoungathletes.

B.Theparent-coachcangivetheathletesbothpositive

aspectsandpressure.

C.Thenegativeinfluenceofaparent-coachcanoutweighthe

positiveones.

D.Aparent-coachmayhavedifferentinfluencesonindividual

athletesandcollectiveones.

19、

Whataretheresearchersmostinterestedtoknowaboutintheir

currentstudy?

A.Tomakesureaboutthepositiveornegativeaspectsof

havingaparentasacoach.

B.Tointerviewyoungathletesface-to-faceinsteadofjust

reviewthepreviousstudies.

C.Tofindoutsomenewperspectivestoaddressthe

parent-coach/chiId-athleterelationship.

D.Toincludetheteammatesoftheyoungathletes,notjust

theirparents/coachesinthestudy.

20、

Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Helpingyouthinunderstandingthemeaningofsports.

B.Theparent-coach/chiId-athleterelationshipinyouth

sport.

C.Coaches，encouragementofathletes*imageryuse.

D.Therelationshipbetweenschooleducationandsports

coaching.

21、PartB(10points)

[A]Itisalsousedtohelpstudentsgaintransitionskills:

Studentswithautismordevelopmentaldelay

canvisitavirtualsupermarket,takepublictransportation,

crossthestreet,ororganizehis

orherday.Studentsinwheelchairscanlearnhowtonavigate

buildings.Andthebeautyis,thesestudentscanmakeanynumber

ofmistakeswithoutendangeringthemselves.

[B]Forexample,virtualrealityhasbeenusedeffectivelyto

assessstudents*depthperception,withtheresultsbeingquite

differentfromthoseobtainedfromtraditionalpaperandpencil

tests.

[C]Thenw