L31-5DDADB6-10CBBAD11-12BB6:Cto

one‘s

surprise使sb感到驚訝的是在句中可做獨立的狀語,句子的主語不必是某個人--eg:To

my

great

disappointment

the

train

had

already

leftwith

surprise驚訝地（With

satisfaction/delight/dismay）必須與行為v連用,句子的主語必須是某個人--He

smoked

his

last

cigarette

with

satisfaction.L41-5ACDBD6-10CBCDB11-12CA7...BBefore是介詞和動名詞形式搭配。--Before

returning

home...Before是連接詞，引導時間狀語從句。--Before

he

returned

home...before

引導的從句,常用一般現在時或一般過去時,不用進行時。8...C"half

as

much

as

it

used

to

be"the

amount

要用定語從句進行限定當主句的謂語動詞是行為動詞時，used

to之后的動詞必須省略掉當主句的謂語動詞是系動詞時，used

to之后必須帶有系動詞be.--I

feel

the

summers

are

hotter

than

they

used

to

be.--I

feel

you

are

much

fatter

than

you

used

to

be.9.Dgain：獲利,贏得（表示通過努力）--gaintime,gainreputation,gainspeed,gainheightfee：（為專業服務支付的）費用doctor’sfees醫療費/thelawyer’sfees律師費--payformyuniversityfees支付我的大學學費payment：（商業、信貸）支付的款項（非常正式）wages：（體力勞動者的）工資salary：（白領的）薪水11.CPayback償還,報復reward酬勞value價值compensatev.償還,補償Compensatefor賠償=makeupfor彌補Hisintelligencemorethancompensateforhislackofexperience.12...Acall=addressedas被稱為name命名/cryout喊叫/shoutv.呼喊,呼叫Editorn.編輯Editvt.編輯Editionn.編輯Editorialadj.編輯的,主編的n.社論,評論extremen.極端statisticsn.統計數字journalistn.新聞記者reportern.(電視臺)記者correspondentn.(電臺)記者,通訊員presidentn.總統

Lesson5Thefacts★

Editorn.編輯Editvt.編輯--editmagazine,editnewspaperEditionn.編輯Editorialadj.編輯的,主編的n.社論,評論★

extremen.極端go

to

extreme(s)

to

do…做某事走極端eg:He

went

to

extreme

to

say

that

the

play

was

the

best

one.go

from

one

extreme

to

the

other從一個極端走向另一個極端Newwordsandexpression★journalistn.新聞記者reportern.(電視臺)記者correspondentn.(電臺)記者,通訊員★publishv.出版=print(vt.),gotopress.(vi.)eg:The

book

has

already

been

published.=The

book

has

already

been

printed

★

firev.解雇（口語）eg:He

was

fired

from

his

jobdismissvt.解雇（正式）eg:The

manage

dismissed

him

from

his

company.Sackvt.解雇,辭退（俚語,口語）eg:If

you

do

it

wrong

again

you

will

be

sacked.Editors

of

newspapers

and

magazines

often

go

to

extremes

to

provide

their

reader

withunimportant

factand

statistics.

Editorsofnewspapersandmagazines報刊雜志的編輯們gotoextremes走極端provide=supply給...提供.常與介詞搭配用

providesbwithsth/providesthforsbeg:Heprovidedthemwithabedforthenight.=HeprovidedabedforthemforthenightProvideagainststh.防備發生某事eg:Thegovernmenthastoprovideagainstapossibleoilshortageinthecomingmonthsstatisticn.統計量adj.統計的,統計學的

staticadj.靜態的,靜力的，靜電噪聲Last

year

a

journalist

had

been

instructed

by

a

well-known

magazine

to

write

an

article

on

the

president's

palace

in

a

new

African

republic.

Instructvt.教,教導,命令,指示,通知instruct

sbto

do

sth.=tell

sb

formally

to

do

sth正式告訴sb做sth事--The

teacher

instructed

him

to

take

the

examination.well-knownadj.眾所周知的,有名的,清楚明白的

eg:awell-knownmagazine一家有名的雜志On=about側重強調課題專一--a

book

on

radioWhen

the

article

arrived,

the

editor

read

the

first

sentence

and

then

refuse

to

publish

it.When

the

article

arrived=When

the

editor

received

the

articlerefusevt.拒絕（態度嚴厲）--Iinvitedhimtodinner,butherefusedme.declinevt.婉言謝絕repudiatevt.斷然拒絕The

article

began:

'Hundreds

of

steps

lead

to

the

high

wall

which

surrounds

the

president's

palace'.which

指代the

high

wallhundredsofsteps幾百級臺階

hundredsof~,thousandof~,millionof~的復數形式常接of短語，表示不確定數目。The

editor

at

once

sent

the

journalist

a

fax

instructing

him

find

out

the

exact

number

of

steps

and

the

height

of

the

wall.Instructing(現在分詞)進一步補充說明fax的情況eg:hesendmealetterinstructingmetocomebackimmediately.

The

journalist

immediately

set

out

to

obtain

these

importantfacts,

but

he

took

a

long

timeto

send

them.set

out

to

do

=

decide

and

try

to

do決定,打算,著手做...=set

about

doing決定,打算,著手做...eg:He

set

out

to

make

his

first

100,000

in

5

years.take

sba

long

time

to

do

sthsth花了sb人很久的時間--It

took

me

five

days

to

write

the

article.Meanwhile,

the

editor

was

getting

impatient,

for

the

magazin

would

soon

go

topress.He

sent

the

journalist

two

more

faxes,

but

received

no

reply.two

more

faxes=another

two

faxesHe

sent

yet

another

fax

informing

the

journalist

that

if

he

did

not

reply

soon

he

would

be

fired.When

the

journalist

again

failed

to

reply,

the

editor

reluctantly

published

the

article

as

it

had

originally

been

written.reluctantly=unwilling勉勉強強地,不情愿地as

it

bad

originally

been

written（狀從）=in

its

original

wayOriginn.起源,由來,起因,出身,血統,[數]原點

originaladj.最初的,原始的,獨創的,新穎的n.原物,原作

originallyadv.最初,原先A

week

later,

the

editor

at

last

received

a

fax

from

the

journalist.Not

only

had

the

poor

man

been

arrested,

but

he

had

been

sent

to

prison

as

well.notonly…but…aswell=notonly…but(also)…不但…而且

當notonly,never,nor,seldom,hardly等表示否定的副詞或連詞位于句首時，全句需要倒裝，正如本句。如：NeverhaveIseensomanypeople.

HardlyhadIfinishedspeakingwhenthedooropened.

倒裝（部分倒裝）的情況：1>否定副詞位于句首,要倒裝。never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,nosoonerscarcelyadv.幾乎不,簡直沒有nowhereadv.無處,到處都無eg:NeverhaveIreadsuchstories.

Nowhere

can

he

find

the

book

he

wants.無論在哪他也找不到他要的書。Hardly

did

I

think

it

possible.我并不認為這是可能的。

2>含有only的狀語位于句首,句子要倒裝。Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.3>含有not的副詞短語位于句首,句子要倒裝。notforasecond決不,毫不/notintheleast絕不,一點也不notforaninstant,notuntilNotintheleastisheinterestedinEnglishliterature.他對英國文學一點都不感興趣。NotforaninstantdidIbelievehehadlied.我根本不認為他說了慌。

4>含有no的短語位于句首,句子要倒裝。atontime,innoway,innosense,bynomeans,innocase,onnoaccount,onnocondition,undernocircumstances（都表示‘絕不’）circumstancen.環境,詳情,境況Undernocircumstancescanweacceptthecheck.我們無論如何也不能接受這筆錢。Onnoaccountmustyouleavethebabyinthehouse.你無論如何也不能把留在房間里。5>sosuch位于句首,句子要倒裝。However,

he

had

at

last

been

allowed

to

send

a

fax

in

which

he

informed

the

editor

that

he

had

been

arrested

while

counting

the

1,084

steps

leading

to

the

fifteen-foot

wall

which

surrounded

the

president's

palace.請求被允許做某事：be

allowed

to

do,be

permitted

to

do,asked

for

permission

to

do

sthin

which

--which指代faxwhile和現在分詞搭配,做時間狀語,表示“正在做某事的過程中”。--可以用while引導的時間狀語從句去替換。--Whilecounting…=while

he

was

counting…現在分詞做定語：eg:the

road

leading

to

the

forest通向森林的路。fifteen-foot做前置定語,這里的名詞必須上單數形式。

Lesson6smash-and-grab詞匯★smash-and-grabn.砸櫥窗搶劫

smashvt.打碎,粉碎（如：Smashthecar.Smashvi.打碎,粉碎Thedishessmashedonthefloor.）Smashinto撞擊到某處eg:Thebussmashedintoatree.

grabv.搶奪,掠奪,奪取（=seizesuddenly）eg:Hegrabbedmebythearm.eg:Hegrabbedthecoinandranoff.他抓起硬幣就跑了。

snatchvt.搶,奪取）eg:Thebigbirdsnatchesthehenfromtheground.Seizev.抓住,逮住,奪取（強調抓住、抓到的結果）--Fear

seized

her.她突然感覺很恐懼。catchvt.捕獲,趕上(車船等)（=get

hold

of

sth/sb

moving）--catchmouse/catchbus/catchathiefGrasp

強調“掌握”--Wehavealreadygraspedsixthousandwords.Hold強調抓牢、抓緊（catchholdof抓住）--Heisholdinganumbrella.★

Backgroundn.背景（onthebackgroundofsth.）backgroundinformation背景資料amanofexcellentbackground有很好的背景的人★

scramblev.爬行（=creep

quickly）--Thetwothievesscrambledintotheircar.Climbvt.爬上（--climbupthetree）Mountvt.登上（--mountthehill）★

Fantasticadj.

非常大的1>=very

great/verylarge非常大的--afantasticsumofmoney=averylargesumofmoney2>=strangeadj.奇怪的,奇異的--astrangedream=afantasticdream3>=wonderfuladj.極好的,美好的,極妙的--afantasticplay.

How

did

Mr.

Taylor

try

to

stop

the

thieves?The

expensive

shops

in

a

famous

arcadenear

Piccadilly

were

just

"opening.介詞短語修飾shopseg:The

shoe

shop

in

my

neighborhood

was

just

opening.At

this

time

of

the

morning,

the

arcade

was

almost

empty.Mr.

Taylor,

the

owner

of

a

jewellery

shop

was

admiring

a

new

windowdisplay.BeiJing,our

capital,is

developing

enormously.--enormouslyadv.非常地,巨大地（=at

fantastic

speed）Two

of

his

assistants

had

been

working

busily

since

eight

o'clock

and

had

only

just

finished.Diamond

necklaces

and

rings

had

been

beautifully

arranged

on

a

background

of

black

velvet.After

gazing

at

the

display

for

several

minutes,

Mr.

Taylor

went

back

into

his

shop.Aftergazingat…=Afterhegazedat…Afterhavinggazedat…=Afterhehadgazedat…The

silence

was

suddenly

broken

when

a

large

car,

with

its

headlights

on

and

its

horn

blaring,

roared

down

the

arcade.with的獨立主格結構1>如果賓語和賓語補足語在邏輯上有主謂關系，應該采用現在分詞形式作賓補。Shesatstaringintothedistancewithtearsstreamingdownhercheeks.她坐著凝視著遠方淚流滿面。2>如果賓語和賓語補足語在邏輯上是動賓關系，應該采用過去分詞形式作賓補。Heranintotheroomwithhisfacecoveredwithtears.Withhishomeworkfinished,hefelthappy.3>如果表達某事將要發生，要用動詞不定式to；Withalotofworktodo,hecan‘tgotothecinema.4>如果是說明當時的情況，常用形容詞、副詞、介詞短語表明賓語的狀態；Heusedtosleepwithallthewindowsopen.（openadj.開著的）Hecameinwithaknifeinhishand.（inhishand--介詞短語）5>總結：with用于句首或句尾，常表示狀語、行為方式、原因、伴隨狀況等。with如果跟在名詞之后，是用來修飾限定該名詞。athiefwithstockingoverhisface.aroomwiththewindowsopen.It

came

to

a

stop

outside

the

jeweller's.come

to后面常接名詞,表示達到--come

to

a

stop停下來/come

to

an

end結束/come

to

a

decision做出決定/come

to

an

agreement達成協議/come

to

an

understanding互相理解--come

to

success獲得成功,come

to

fame成名停車

stop=draw

up=pull

upat

the

barber's在理發店/at

the

butcher's在肉店/at

the

baker's在面包店/at

the

greengr