非謂語動詞ToV…V-ingV-ed主語、定語、狀語、賓語、表語1.非謂語動詞做主語：否定動名詞或不定式時，都在其前面加NOT，Shouldnotbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.Tobenottallnotbeingtallbeingnottallnottobetall2.非謂語動詞作賓語①Objectto反對，異議；反對的理由,confessto招供；認錯；交待,turnto求助于，求教于，查閱,adaptto,seeto,applyto,lookforwardto盼望，期待,respondto,listento+v-ingThemeetingwasputoffbecauseweDameetingwithoutjohn.ObjectedhavingwereobjectedtohavingObjectedtohaveobjectedtoｈａｖｉｎｇ②不定式進行時或完成時作賓語tobedoing常用于pretend，appear，seem等詞之后，表示“假裝或看起來像是在做某事”Ipretendtobereading.Tohavedone表示其動作發生在謂語動詞之前，常用于appear，seem，happen，bebelieved/supposed，said，reported，known，understood，thought/foundIhappenedtohavecomeacrossthepersononce.還可以表示“原計劃或本來要做的事而沒做”Claimdesire,mean.Promise,hope.plan,wish,expect,intend,pretend,wouldlike,beto之后Hepromisedtohavetakenhischildrentogoabroadforaholiday,buthewastiedup沒空；有事byhisjob.例：LindawasBtheexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.Tostarttohavestartedtobestartingtohavebeenstarting③goondoing繼續正在做的事goontodo繼續去做另外的事StopdoingstoptodoRegretdoing后悔做了某事regrettodo很遺憾要做某事Trydoing嘗試做某事trytodo設法盡力做某事Remember/forgetdoing想起、忘記做過某事remembertodo記得、忘記去做某事Meandoing意味著meantodo打算或想要做。。。④只能接動名詞做賓語的動詞Acknowledge承認(…的權威)；告知收到；報償adviseanticipate預感，期望abandon離棄，丟棄；遺棄，拋棄；放棄admitadvocateallowappreciateavoidbearcompleteconsiderconfessdelaydenydeferdeservedislikeenjoyendureexcuseescapefavorfancyimagineinvolvekeepmentionmindmissprohibitpardonpostponepreventpracticequitrecallresentrecommendresistrisksuggesttolerate,⑤只能接不定式作賓語的動詞Agreeaffordapplyarrangeappearattemptchooseclaimdaredeclinedemanddesiredecidedetermineendeavor.努力，盡力，嘗試expectfailhappenhopeintendmanageofferoughtplanproceedpromiseseekstrivetendundertakewish3.非謂語動詞作定語動作正在進行，當時的狀態或經常性的動作“themanpreparingthedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer”hasallthefollowingpossiblemeansEXCEPTD.Themanwhohaspreparedthedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer.Themanwhohaspreparingthedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer.Themanwhoispreparingthedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer.Themanwhowillpreparethedocumentsisthefirm’slawyer.4.非謂語動詞作狀語目的原因結果HisremarkswereBannoyeverybodyatthemeeting.Soastosuchastosuchtoasmuchasto5.分詞作狀語現在分詞過去分詞表時間的詞（afterwhenwhilebeforeoncewhenever）表讓步althoughthough表條件ifIfnotBwiththerespectedhefeelsduetohim,jack,,,,Beingtreatedtreatedbetreatedhavingbeentreated區別：不定式做狀語表目的，分詞作狀語表伴隨和時間Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,Athespoiltones.Notcountingnottocountdon’tcounthavingnot6.獨立主格結構非謂語動詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，有自己的邏輯主語，獨立主格結構常用with引出Withhereyesfilledwithtears,shedidn’tseethepictureclearly.as讓步狀語從句的倒裝youngasheis,hehastheabilitytoleadtheteam.Not…until倒裝Thegirldidn’trealizewhattheboymeanttoheruntilheleftforItaly.Notuntilheleftforitalydidthegirlrealizewhattheboymeanttoher.Itisnotuntilheleftforitalythatthegirlrealizedwhattheboymeanttoher.(強調句)三、情態動詞必須與實義動詞或be動詞連用，表“應該，需要，可能，意愿”Can/could,may/might,must,haveto,shall,shouldwill/would,need,oughtto重點：1.情態動詞表示“推測”肯定推測mustdo/musthavedone一定…現在或將來事實的肯定推測對過去事實的肯定推測否定推測Can’tdo/can’thavedone不可能。。。不確定推測Maydo/mightdomighthavedoneThelightisonhisroom-hemustbehomenow.Therewasnolightinhisroomlastnight-hecan’thavebeenhomelastnight.Isupposehemighthavemissedthetrain,2010-52Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercar’sstillhere.SheAbybus.Musthavegoneshouldhavegoneoughtto~couldhavegone2.情態動詞+havedone表虛擬①Should/shouldn’thavedone本應做卻沒做②Needn’thavedone本來沒有必要做的卻做了③Mighthavedone本來可以做某事但是實際上沒有做Youmighthavecomeearlier.你本可以來的早點的。couldhavedone本來有能力做某事而實際卻沒做youcouldhavedonethatbette