Unit2TheUniversalLanguageUnit2Theuniversallanguage必備知識核心詞匯pose；transform；adaptation；defend；greet；distant；expectation；enthusiastic；prediction；depress；possess；tearapart；throwin；consistof；allofasudden；turnout；bewellreceived；streaminto；breakinto核心語法動詞ing形式作主語和賓語語篇海報、電子郵件、簡介等文體的寫作和結(jié)構(gòu)特征表達(dá)倒敘，以電子郵件形式選擇得體的語言形式進(jìn)行有效溝通關(guān)鍵能力通過分類理解和記憶詞匯通過音樂陶冶性情，聽英文歌曲提升學(xué)習(xí)興趣通過圖書館、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集與音樂相關(guān)的信息學(xué)科素養(yǎng)能向同伴口頭介紹自己喜歡的歌手和樂隊運用擬人的修辭手法描述聽音樂的體驗核心價值了解中外音樂領(lǐng)域的基本知識理解和欣賞優(yōu)秀音樂作品發(fā)現(xiàn)并理解音樂作品中所包含的文化元素及其內(nèi)涵引言解讀Musicgivesinspiration,torise.釋義：音樂給人靈感，給人奮起。啟示：音樂是人類的通用語言，它可以給人們帶來交流溝通的無障礙。中學(xué)生是祖國的未來，健全的身心是其全面發(fā)展的前提，民族振興需要德智體美勞的綜合提升。國際通用語言包含音樂及肢體語言的把握至關(guān)重要。名句積累1．Musicshouldmakethespiritofthehumansparkburst.音樂應(yīng)當(dāng)使人類的精神爆出火花。2．Musicisthesecondlanguageofmankind.音樂是人類的第二語言。3．Musicisthebestchargeronthetrip!音樂是旅途上最好的充電器!4．Musicisamirrorofthesoul,andismercilessmirror.音樂是心靈的鏡子，而且是鐵面無情的鏡子。5．Attheendofthelanguageiswherethemusicesin.語言的盡頭是音樂出現(xiàn)的地方。在“人與社會”的主題語境下,探討了世界各國的音樂文化。涉及的語篇類型多樣，有海報、電子郵件、雜志文章以及簡介等。本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，旨在幫助學(xué)生深刻認(rèn)識音樂是一種無國界的語言，是文化的重要組成部分；欣賞音樂可以了解不同文化，增強文化意識。語篇品讀Theearliestformsofmusicwereprobablydrumbased,percussioninstrumentsbeingthemostreadilyavailableatthetime.Thesesimplestofsimpleinstrumentsarethoughttohavebeenusedinreligiousceremoniesasrepresentationsofanimals.Therewasnonotationorwritingofthiskindof"music"anditssoundscanonlybeextrapolatedfromthemusicofAmericanIndiansandAfricannativeswhostilladheretosomeoftheancientreligiouspractices.Asforthemoreadvancedinstruments,theirevolutionwasslowandsteady.Itisknownthatby4000BCEtheEgyptianshadcreatedharpsandflutes,andby3500BCElyresanddoublereededclarinetshadbeendeveloped.InDenmark,by2500BCEanearlyformofthetrumpethadbeendeveloped.Thistrumpetiswhatisnowknownasa"naturaltrumpet."Itisvalveless,anddependspletelyonmanipulationofthelipstochangepitch.Oneofthemostpopularinstrumentstodaywascreatedin1500BCEbytheHittites.Iamtalkingabouttheguitar.Thiswasagreatstep;theuseoffretstochangethepitchofavibratingstringwouldleadtolaterinstrumentssuchastheviolinandharpsichord.In800BCEthefirstrecoveredpieceofrecordedmusicwasfound.Itwaswrittenincuneiformandwasareligioushymn.Itshouldbenotedthatcuneiformisnotatypeofmusicalnotation.By700BCEtherearerecordsofsongsthatincludevocalswithinstrumentals.Thisaddedawholenewdimensiontomusic:acpaniment.全文翻譯最早的音樂形式可能是以鼓為基礎(chǔ)的，打擊樂器是當(dāng)時最容易獲得的。這些最簡單的樂器被認(rèn)為在宗教儀式中被用作動物的象征。這種“音樂”沒有符號或文字，它的聲音只能從美洲印第安人和非洲原住民的音樂中推斷出來，他們?nèi)匀粓猿忠恍┕爬系淖诮塘?xí)俗。至于更先進(jìn)的儀器，它們的發(fā)展緩慢而穩(wěn)定。眾所周知，到公元前4000年，埃及人已經(jīng)創(chuàng)造出了豎琴和長笛，到了公元前3500年，七弦琴和雙簧單簧管已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來。在丹麥，到公元前2500年，喇叭的早期形式已經(jīng)發(fā)展起來。這種小號現(xiàn)在被稱為“天然小號”。它是無瓣的，完全依靠操縱嘴唇來改變音高。今天最流行的樂器之一是赫梯人在公元前1500年創(chuàng)造的。我說的是吉他。這是一個偉大的步驟；使用音品來改變振動弦的音高將導(dǎo)致后來的樂器，如小提琴和大鍵琴。公元前800年，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了第一首復(fù)原的錄音音樂。它是用楔形文字寫成的，是一首宗教贊美詩。需要注意的是，楔形文字不是一種音樂符號。到公元前700年，已經(jīng)有了包括人聲和樂器的歌曲記錄。這為音樂增加了一個全新的維度：伴奏。詞塊積累1.percussionn.打擊樂器2.religiousadj.宗教的3.representationn.代表，陳述4.extrapolatev.外推，推斷5.clarinetn.單簧管6.trumpetn.喇叭，小號7.valvelessadj.無閥的8.vibratev.(使)振動語篇品讀China’sstrength,confidenceandhospitalityonfulldisplayat19thAsianGamess://globaltimes/（高考題源報刊）InHangzhou,Chinahas,onceagain,dazzleddomesticandinternationalaudiencesnotonlywithitsfuturisticopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGames,itsathletes'spiritofstrivingforexcellenceandChinesepeople'ssolidarityinprovidingasportsfeastforthewholeAsiaandtheworld.ThecountryalsosucceededinusingthefirstmajorsportseventtobehostedonitssoilafterCOVID19restrictionstoshowcaseitsusualopenness,inclusivenessandhospitality.Aglamorousceremony,aswellasthewellorchestratedarrangementfortheGamesalsodemonstratedChina'sstrongculturalconfidence,growingnationalstrengthandtopnotchinnovativecapacity,defyingcohortsofChinasmearingfromWesternmedia,saidexperts.OnthefirstdayoftheAsianGames,Chinagrabbed13goldmedals,outof31onoffer,fromrowing,shooting,modernpentathlon,wushu,andothers.TeamChinabaggedthefirstgoldmedalofthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouinthewomen'slightweightdoublescullsatFuyangWaterSportsCentreonSundaymorning,inlessthan10minutesafterthestartofthefirstmatchday.Sincethe2002AsianGamesheldinBusan,SouthKorea,theChinesedelegationhasclaimedthefirstgoldmedalforsixconsecutiveAsianGamesforover20years.RajaRandhirSingh,actingpresidentoftheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA),toldtheGlobalTimesduringanewsconferenceonSundaythatheisextremelyimpressedbytheHangzhouAsianGames,especiallywiththeopeningceremony,thecoordinationbetweentheOCAandtheGamesorganizersandtheavailabletechnologylikethecontactlessIDcards.WhendiscussingSaturdaynight'sopeningceremony,Singhusedthewords"absolutelyphenomenal.""WhatIwouldliketomentionparticularlyissomethingthatisverynewthistime,"hesaid."Normally,youwouldhavetowalkaroundwithyourparticipantcardandscanandwaitforit.ButnotinHangzhou."WithHangzhou'scontactlessparticipantIDcard,allparticipantscanjustwalkthroughanyentrancewithithangingaroundtheneck,hesaid.全文翻譯中國的實力、信心和熱情好客在第19屆亞運會上充分展現(xiàn)在杭州，中國再次讓國內(nèi)外觀眾眼花繚亂，不僅是第19屆亞運會未來主義的開幕式，中國運動員追求卓越的精神，以及中國人民團(tuán)結(jié)一致為整個亞洲和世界提供體育盛宴的精神。該國還成功地利用新冠肺炎限制措施后在其領(lǐng)土上舉辦的第一場大型體育賽事來展示其一貫的開放性、包容性和熱情好客。專家們表示，一場魅力四射的儀式，以及精心安排的奧運會，也展示了中國強大的文化自信、不斷增長的國力和一流的創(chuàng)新能力，無視西方媒體對中國的誹謗。在亞運會的第一天，中國共獲得了賽艇、射擊、現(xiàn)代五項、武術(shù)等31枚金牌中的13枚。周日上午，在第一個比賽日開始后不到10分鐘的時間里，中國隊在富陽水上運動中心舉行的女子輕量級雙人雙槳比賽中奪得了杭州第19屆亞運會的首枚金牌。自2002年在韓國釜山舉行的亞運會以來，中國代表團(tuán)已經(jīng)連續(xù)六屆奪得首枚金牌，這是20多年來的第一次。亞洲奧林匹克理事會代理主席RajaRandhirSingh在周日的新聞發(fā)布會上告訴《環(huán)球時報》，他對杭州亞運會印象深刻，尤其是開幕式、亞奧理事會與奧運會組織者之間的協(xié)調(diào)以及非接觸式身份證等可用技術(shù)。在討論周六晚上的開幕式時，辛格使用了“絕對非凡”的字眼。他說：“我想特別提到的是，這一次非常新鮮的事情。”。“通常情況下，你必須拿著參與者卡四處走動，掃描并等待。但在杭州不行。”他說，有了杭州的非接觸式參與者身份證，所有參與者都可以脖子上掛著身份證穿過任何入口。句式仿寫1.為了取暖，這個水手坐在火堆旁，一只光腳摩擦另一只。Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainsttheother.2.好的制度政策實際上都會激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。Favorablepoliciesareineffecttoencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.

3.這項研究表明我們成長的文化影響我們看待周圍世界的基本環(huán)節(jié)。Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowupininfluencethebasicprocessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言介紹幾個著名的音樂節(jié)★★★Amusicfestivalisamunityeventmainlyaboutliveperformancesofsingingandinstrumentplayingthatisoftenpresentedwithamainidea.Onthelistarethemusicfestivalsforfansaroundtheworld.Findyourfavouritenow!FieldDayJanuary1,2018,SydneyFieldDaymeansNewYear’sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.Seenasthecity’soriginal(獨特的)outdoorparty,it’sagatheringoffriendsingtogetherforagreatfunfilledfirstdayoftheyear.There’sanairofhopeandactiveenergyonaperfectsummer’sday.EnvisionFestivalFebruary2126,2018,UvitaTheEnvisionFestivalisanannualeventinCostaRicathatwantstoprovideachancefordifferentculturestoworkwithoneanothertocreateabettermunity.Thefestivalencouragespeopletopractiseart,musicanddanceperformances.Atthesametime,ourconnection(聯(lián)系)withnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.McDowellMountainMusicFestivalMarch24,2018,PhoenixTheMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalisPhoenix’smusicalcelebrationofmunityculture.Sinceitsfoundingin2004,itistheonly100%nonprofit(非營利的)musicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethemunity.Thefestivalattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyearfromaroundthecountry,anditisanopportunitytoexperiencetrueculture.OldSettler’sMusicFestivalApril1922,2018,TilmonTheOldSettler’sMusicFestivalisanationallyknownmusicfestivalforAmericanmusic.ThefestivalisheldinTilmon,Texasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.TheOldSettler’sMusicFestivaloffersgreatmusicandactivitiesforthewholefamily.1．WhichcityshouldyougotoifyouintendtoparticipateinamusicfestivalinJanuary?A．Sydney.B．Uvita.C．Phoenix.D．Tilmon.2．WhatisspecialabouttheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival?A．Itencouragespeopletoreceiveeducation.B．Itisnotheldtomakemoney.C．Itprovidesachanceforfriendstomeeteachother.D．Itfocusesonculturespread.3．Whichfestivalsareconnectedwithnature?A．FieldDayandEnvisionFestival.B．EnvisionFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalC．OldSettler’sMusicFestivalandMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.D．EnvisionFestivalandOldSettler’sMusicFestival.【答案】1．A2．B3．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了世界著名的幾個音樂節(jié)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FieldDay部分中的“January1,2018,Sydney(2018年1月1日，悉尼)”可知，F(xiàn)ieldDay在一月份舉行，地點是悉尼，所以如果你打算參加一月份的音樂節(jié)，你應(yīng)該去悉尼。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)McDowellMountainMusicFestival部分中的“Sinceitsfoundingin2004,itistheonly100%nonprofit(非營利的)musicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethemunity.(自2004年成立以來，它是唯一100%非盈利的音樂節(jié)，旨在支持，娛樂和教育社區(qū))”可知，McDowellMountainMusicFestival的特殊之處在于它是非盈利的音樂節(jié)，即它不是用來賺錢的。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EnvisionFestival部分中的“Atthesametime,ourconnection(聯(lián)系)withnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.(與此同時，我們與自然的聯(lián)系也將得到加強)”和OldSettler’sMusicFestival部分中的“ThefestivalisheldinTilmon,Texasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.(這個節(jié)日是在野花盛開的季節(jié)，在德克薩斯州的蒂爾蒙舉行的)”可知，EnvisionFestival和OldSettler’sMusicFestival都與自然有關(guān)。故選D。Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言與交際語言和音樂的關(guān)系★★★★Howsimilararelanguageandmusic?Languageispartofourdailylives,nomatterwhereweliveintheworld.4Bothlanguageandmusicplayahugeroleinourcultureandherearesomeoftheirsimilarities.Bothlanguageandmusichaveawritingsystem.InEnglishwerecordlanguageusingthealphabet,whichisacollectionofletters.Similarly,weusenotes(音符)tokeeparecordofmusic.Musiciansreadnotesandcreatemeaningintheformofmusic.5Bywritingpiecesoftextormusic,weareabletoshareexperiencesthroughtime.Wecanreadtheideasorheartheposition(作品)ofsomeonewholivedhundredsofyearsago.6Youcanmakeagoodguessatwheresomeoneisfrombylisteningtothelanguageheuses.Inthesameway,weknowthatstylesofmusicaredifferentaroundtheworld,givingustheopportunitytoexploremanydifferentculturesthroughtheirmusicandprovidinguswithmusicforeverysituation.Bothshareemotion.7Ofcourseyoumaybeabletoseeitinmyface,butyouwillknowforsurethroughmywords.Similarly,musiccansoundangry,sadorhappy.Musiccanshowyouexactlyhowtheposerwasorisfeeling,andallowsustosharethatemotion.Whenyoufeelhappy,youmightwanttosinganddancetoahappysongtocelebrateyourhappiness.8Ithinkwehaveallusedmusictoexpressorprocessouremotions,oftenbiningitwithlanguageintheformofsonglyrics(歌詞).A．Bothareexpressive.B．Bothvarywithculture.C．HowdoyouknowthatIamangry?D．Weuselanguagetoexpressourthoughts.E．Similarly,musicispartofmanypeople’slives.F．SojustasyoureadEnglish,youcanreadmusic.G．Incontrast,youprobablyalsolistentosadmusicwhenyouarefeelingdown.【答案】4．E5．F6．B7．C8．G【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。語言和音樂在我們的文化中都扮演著重要的角色，兩者有著多個相似之處；有書寫系統(tǒng)，依附于各自的文化、能分享情感。4．根據(jù)上文“Languageispartofourdailylives,nomatterwhereweliveintheworld.(無論我們生活在世界的哪個角落，語言都是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠帧?”和下文“Bothlanguageandmusicplayahugeroleinourcultureandherearesomeoftheirsimilarities.(語言和音樂在我們的文化中都扮演著重要的角色，以下是它們的一些相似之處。)”可知，上文指出語言是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊徊糠郑笪恼f語言和音樂在文化中都扮演著重要的作用。由此可知，音樂和語言一樣——是日常生活的一部分。E項“Similarly,musicispartofmanypeople’slives.(同樣，音樂也是許多人生活的一部分)”符合題意，承接上下文。故選E項。5．根據(jù)上文“InEnglishwerecordlanguageusingthealphabet,whichisacollectionofletters.Musiciansreadnotesandcreatemeaningintheformofmusic.(在英語中，我們用字母表記錄語言，字母表是字母的集合。音樂家們閱讀音符，并以音樂的形式創(chuàng)造意義)”可知，英語是一種以字母記錄的語言，音樂是音符組成的篇章，也有可讀性。F項“SojustasyoureadEnglish,youcanreadmusic.(所以就像你讀英語一樣，你也可以讀音樂)”，音樂也可以像英語一樣進(jìn)行閱讀，上下文銜接連貫。故選F項。6．空處為本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文“Youcanmakeagoodguessatwheresomeoneisfrombylisteningtothelanguageheuses.Inthesameway,weknowthatstylesofmusicaredifferentaroundtheworld,givingustheopportunitytoexploremanydifferentculturesthroughtheirmusicandprovidinguswithmusicforeverysituation.(你可以通過聽一個人使用的語言來猜測他來自哪里。同樣，我們知道世界各地的音樂風(fēng)格是不同的，這讓我們有機(jī)會通過他們的音樂來探索許多不同的文化，并為我們提供適合各種情況的音樂。)”可知，音樂和語言一樣都承載了很多不同的文化。B項“Bothvarywithculture.(兩者都帶著各種各樣的文化)”，both指代下文的language和music，可以作為小標(biāo)題。故選B項。7．根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Bothshareemotion.(雙方共享情感)”可知，本段和情緒有關(guān)。C項“HowdoyouknowthatIamangry?(你怎么知道我生氣了？)”符合題意，且與下文“Ofcourseyoumaybeabletoseeitinmyface,butyouwillknowforsurethroughmywords.(你當(dāng)然可以從我的臉上看出來，但你也一定會通過我的話知道。)”承接C項，是對選項問題的回答。故選C項。8．根據(jù)上文“Whenyoufeelhappy,youmightwanttosinganddancetoahappysongtocelebrateyourhappiness.(當(dāng)你感到快樂的時候，你可能想跟著快樂的歌曲唱歌跳舞來慶祝你的快樂)”可知，快樂的時候，想聽令人快樂的歌曲。由此推知，下文陳述，當(dāng)不快樂的時候，可能想聽悲傷的音樂。G項“Incontrast,youprobablyalsolistentosadmusicwhenyouarefeelingdown.(相反，當(dāng)你情緒低落時，你可能也會聽悲傷的音樂。)”，與上文形成對比。故選G項。Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會傳統(tǒng)文化中國傳統(tǒng)樂器三弦及三弦演奏家趙太生★★★★ZhaoTaisheng,theprincipalsanxianplayerintheHongKongChineseOrchestra(HKCO),hasamission9(keep)thetraditionalinstrument,sanxian,aliveand10(devote)hiscareertoperfectinghisskillontheinstrumentandpreservingthisancientartsincehegraduatedfromcollege.MusicianZhaoTaishengcallshisfavoredinstrument—thesanxian,orthreestringedlute—avoiceforhisemotions,avehicleforcharmandhonor,11atickettoaneventfullife.Heregardsthesanxian12animportantpartofChinesefolkmusictradition.Heexplainsthat,intheearlydecadesofthe2Othcentury,thenumberofstudentsofthesanxian

13(be)similartothatofthosestudyingothertraditionalChinesestringinstrumentssuchasthepipaorguzheng.However,theinstrumentbegantolose14(popular)withtheadoptionofWesternorchestrastyles,whichpreferredsofterharmonies.Infact,thesanxianhas15attractiveappearance:ltisusuallyaround120centimeterslong,andhasthreestringsstretchedoverafingerboard,16allowsforextensiveglissando,ortheglidefromonepitchtoanother.Likemostfolktraditions,itisdifficulttotracetheoriginsofthesanxian.Bysome17(account),itmaydatebacktotheQinDynasty(221207BC).ImagesofsimilarinstrumentscanbefoundinaSouthernSongDynasty(11271279)sculpture,andthecharacters18(literal)mean“threestrings”,firstappearedinaMingDynasty(13681644)text.【答案】9．tokeep10．hasdevoted/hasbeendevoting11．a(chǎn)nd12．a(chǎn)s13．was14．popularity15．a(chǎn)n16．which17．a(chǎn)ccounts18．literally【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國的傳統(tǒng)樂器——三弦和三弦演奏家——趙太生。9．考查不定式。句意：趙太生是香港中樂團(tuán)的首席三弦演奏家，他肩負(fù)著傳承傳統(tǒng)樂器三弦的使命，自大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來，他一直致力于完善自己的演奏技巧，保護(hù)這門古老的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)句意和空格前的名詞mission以及所給動詞keep分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入不定式tokeep作定語，修飾前面的名詞mission。故填tokeep。10．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：趙太生是香港中樂團(tuán)的首席三弦演奏家，他肩負(fù)著傳承傳統(tǒng)樂器三弦的使命，自大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來，他一直致力于完善自己的演奏技巧，保護(hù)這門古老的藝術(shù)。根據(jù)句意和句子的時間狀語sincehegraduatedfromcollege可知，空格處的謂語動詞應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時；再由主語ZhaoTaisheng可知，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。故填hasdevoted或hasbeendevoting。11．考查連詞。句意：音樂家趙太生把他最喜歡的樂器——三弦琴——稱為他情感的聲音，魅力和榮譽的載體，以及通往多事人生的門票。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知，空格后的atickettoaneventfullife和上文的avoiceforhisemotions以及avehicleforcharmandhonor是并列關(guān)系，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入并列連詞and。故填and。12．考查介詞。句意：他認(rèn)為三弦是中國民間音樂傳統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。根據(jù)句意和句中的動詞regard可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入介詞as和動詞regard搭配：regardas（把……視為）。故填as。13．考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他解釋說，在20世紀(jì)最初的幾十年里，學(xué)習(xí)三弦的學(xué)生數(shù)量與學(xué)習(xí)琵琶或古箏等其他中國傳統(tǒng)弦樂器的學(xué)生數(shù)量相似。根據(jù)時間狀語intheearlydecadesofthe2Othcentury可知，句子應(yīng)該用一般過去時；再由主語thenumber可知，謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。故填was。14．考查名詞。句意：然而，隨著西方管弦樂隊風(fēng)格的采用，這種樂器開始失去人氣，西方管弦樂隊更喜歡柔和的和聲。根據(jù)句意和所給形容詞popular以及空格前的動詞lose可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入popular的名詞形式popularity作動詞lose的賓語。故填popularity。15．考查冠詞。句意：事實上，三弦琴的外形很吸引人：它通常長約120厘米，在指板上有三根弦，可以進(jìn)行廣泛的滑音，或者從一個音高滑到另一個音高。根據(jù)句意和空格前的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞appearance可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入一個不定冠詞表示數(shù)量，因為空格后的attractive發(fā)音是元音音素開頭，所以應(yīng)該用冠詞an。故填an。16．考查定語從句。句意：事實上，三弦琴的外形很吸引人：它通常長約120厘米，在指板上有三根弦，可以進(jìn)行廣泛的滑音，或者從一個音高滑到另一個音高。根據(jù)句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一個非限制性定語從句，對空格前的句子進(jìn)行限定說明，該定語從句缺少主語，所以空格處應(yīng)該填入一個關(guān)系代詞代替前面的句子在從句中作主語，所以應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。17．考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：根據(jù)一些說法，它可以追溯到秦朝(公元前221207年)。根據(jù)句意和空格前的some以及所給可數(shù)名詞account可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入account的復(fù)數(shù)形式accounts。故填accounts。18．考查副詞。句意：類似樂器的圖像可以在南宋（11271279）的雕塑中找到，這些字符的字面意思是“三弦”，首次出現(xiàn)在明代（13681644）的文本中。根據(jù)句意和所給形容詞literal可知，空格處應(yīng)該填入literal的副詞形式literally作狀語，修飾后面的動詞mean。故填literally。I.教材語篇梳理fortfoodWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?ExpositionWhoistheauthor?SeniorhighschoolstudentsMainideaofeachparagraphAlice'semailParagraph1:IwatchedaperformanceofButterflyLoverslastnight.Paragraph2:ThestoryandmusicofButterflyLoversworkwelltogether.Paragraph3:ButterflyLoversillustrateshowwonderfullyChineseandWestern.Harry'semailParagraph1:Myhostfamilyintroducesmetocountrymusic.Paragraph2:Countrymusichasalonghistory.Paragraph3:CountrymusicsuggestsapeacefulandsimplelifeinruralAmerica.Paragraph4:Youshouldlistentosomecountrymusic.MainideaofthetextThetextisaboutthetwofamousmusicbetweenChinaandwesterncountry.II.課文語法填空Twoexchangestudentsarediscoveringnewmusicintheirhostcountries.Aliceintroducesabeautifulviolinconcerto1.(pose)byHeZhanhaoandChenGang.ItstitleisButterflyLovers,2.canbecalledaChineseversionofRomeoandJuliet.ItbinesChineseandWesternmusicalelements：it3.(play)onWesterninstruments,butmuchofthemusichasits4.(root)inChineseYueOpera.Theunique5.(bine)makesAlicerealizethatmusicisauniversallanguage.Fromthehostfamily，HarryYulearnsalotaboutcountrymusic.It6.(bee)popularinthe7.(south)partofAmericainthe1940sandthenquicklyspread8.thenation.Mostofthesongsareabouthardshipandheartbreak.Peoplecanfeelanemotionalconnectionbetweenthemselves9.themusicians，andthesimpletunesofthemusicareoftenvery10.(suggest)ofcountrysidesurroundings.1.posed2.which3.isplayed4.roots5.bination6.became7.southern8.across9.and10.suggestive閱讀微技能1.Infertheunknown推斷未知Basedontheknownandinferringtheunknown,thecorrectchoicewilldefinitelyfindabasisorreasonintheoriginaltext2.Avoidsubjectiveassumptions不要主觀臆斷Avoidsubjectiveassumptionsandreplacetheauthor'sviewpointwithone'sownideas;Avoidexcessiveinference,avoidartificiallyplicatingtheproblem,andmakemultistepinference.Passage1主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會語言與飲食飲食的改變產(chǎn)生新的語音★★★★★（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthemon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthanothers?Agroundbreaking,fiveyearstudyshowsthatdietrelatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.1．WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A．Itsvariety. B．Itsdistribution. C．Itsquantity. D．Itsdevelopment.2．Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A．Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B．Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C．Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D．Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.3．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.4．WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A．Itiskeytoeffectivemunication. B．Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C．Itisaplexanddynamicsystem. D．Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【答案】1．D2．C3．A4．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹因為飲食的改變導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在在世界上一半的語言中發(fā)現(xiàn)了新的語音。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremoremoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.(30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如“f”和“v”，在吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見。現(xiàn)在，瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的DamianBlasi領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一趨勢產(chǎn)生的方式和原因)”可知，DamianBlasi的研究關(guān)注的是這一趨勢是如何產(chǎn)生的以及產(chǎn)生的原因，可知他的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D項。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我們的下顎變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音)”可知，因為古代成年人因為上下門牙是對齊的，他們的下顎結(jié)構(gòu)跟現(xiàn)在的我們不一樣，這就導(dǎo)致他們發(fā)不出這個唇齒音，也就是說他們的下顎結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。故選C項。3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.(對語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發(fā)音發(fā)生了全球性的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，此段主要是通過介紹語言數(shù)據(jù)庫的分析結(jié)果來證實語音是發(fā)生了很大變化，有些以前使用的語音，現(xiàn)在不一定找得到，因此此處主要是通過相關(guān)證據(jù)進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果。故選A項。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofaplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.(研究小組成員StevenMoran說：“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來，我們使用的語音不一定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物。”)”可知，人類的語意一直在發(fā)展變化中，并不會一成不變，而且會因生物變化和文化變化等進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的相互作用而改變，因此可知StevenMoran認(rèn)為語音是一個復(fù)雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C項。Passage2主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會藝術(shù)音樂對身體的好處★★★閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。（2021·北京卷閱讀理解七選五）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．5Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．6However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．7Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推測）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．8Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．9Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A．Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B．Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C．Thisideaisalittleoffthewallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D．Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E．Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive．F．Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G．Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【答案】5．F6．B7．D8．G9．E【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是音樂對身體的好處。5．空格后說“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音樂對心理健康的益處是毋庸置疑的），F(xiàn)選項Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照應(yīng)了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F選項切合題意，故選F。6．空格后說“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同樣的原因，當(dāng)一個人處于痛苦中時，音樂是非常有益的），However表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此空格處為對音樂的負(fù)面評價，B選項Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是負(fù)面評價，因此B選項切合題意，故選B。7．空格前說“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（許多人喜歡在晚上睡覺前聽些輕松的音樂），D選項Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼應(yīng)，因此D選項切合題意，故選D。8．空格前說“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在歐洲的一項研究中，參與者聽音樂，研究人員監(jiān)測他們的心率和血壓），G選項Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照應(yīng)，因此G選項切合題意，故選G。9．空格后說“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，開著收音機(jī)還可以對一系列其他的健康問題有益，這就是音樂如此有價值的原因），因此本段講的是音樂對身體總的好處，E選項Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwellbeingarereallyimpressive講的是音樂對整體健康的影響是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E選項切合題意，故選E。Passage3主題語境主題群話題推薦指數(shù)人與社會生活與學(xué)習(xí)克服恐懼單簧管演奏★★★★★(2022天津卷)WhenIwasinsixthgrade,Ijoinedthebandprogramtolearntoplaytheclarinet(單簧管).Thebeginningoftheyearhadgone10.Butasmoststud