語法專題突破專題一千變萬化的動詞第一講謂語動詞考點分層演練語篇導入閱讀下面短文，體會、領悟加黑部分的時態、語態。IamLiFan,chairmanoftheStudents'union.Iamwriting①todrawyourattentiontosomeimproperbehaviourinourcampus:litteringandscribbling.Ithasbeenmaking②ourschooldirtyandunpleasant.Ialwaysfeel③ashamedwheneverIsee③this.Itis③clearlynotappropriateforastudenttolitterandscribbleabout.Lastweek,theStudents'unionheld④ameetingtoseeksomesolutionstotheseproblems.Wewerehaving⑤aheateddiscussion一動詞的時態whenourheadmastercame④andjoined④us.Afterthemeeting,theheadmastersaid④thattheschoolhadmade⑥effortstoimprovethissituationandmoredustbinswouldbeplaced⑦around.Recently,theStudents'Unionhassetup⑧specificrulesagainstsuchbehaviour.Atthesametime,allofusshoulddevelopgoodhabitsandbehaveourselves.Webelievethat,withthejointeffortsofbothteachersandstudents,ourschoolwillbecome⑨amoreenjoyableplaceinthenearfuture.①是現在進行時，結構為：am/is/are＋現在分詞。表示現在正在發生的動作。②是現在完成進行時，結構為：have/hasbeen＋現在分詞。表示從過去開始一直延續到現在并有可能繼續下去的動作。③是一般現在時，結構為：be動詞：am/is/are；行為動詞：謂語動詞為動詞原形或動詞的單數第三人稱形式。表示現在的狀態，還可表示現在經常性或習慣性動作。④是一般過去時，結構為：謂語動詞用動詞的一般過去式形式。表示在過去某個時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。⑤是過去進行時，結構為：was/were＋現在分詞。表示在過去某一時間正在進行的動作。⑥是過去完成時，結構為：had＋過去分詞。表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。⑦是過去將來時，結構為：would＋動詞原形。表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或將要存在的狀態。另外此處主語dustbins為動作的承受者，所以用被動語態。⑧是現在完成時，結構為：has/have＋過去分詞。表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。⑨是一般將來時，結構為：will＋動詞原形。表示在將來某一時刻要發生的動作或存在的狀態。難點精析一、詞形變化在時態的變化中，動詞的形式需要發生相應的變化。動詞形式不正確已經成為英語寫作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同時態中的詞形變化。形式變化規則構成方法例詞原形

see，finish，teach，touch形式變化規則構成方法例詞三單一般情況直接加-slook—lookswrite—writes以-ch，-sh，-s，-x結尾加-esteach—teachesfinish—finishesguess—guessesmix—mixes以“輔音＋o”結尾加-esdo—doesgo—goes以“輔音字母＋y”結尾變y為i加-estry—triesbury—buries形式變化規則構成方法例詞過去式/過去分詞一般情況直接加-edstay—stayedlook—looked以不發音-e結尾直接加-ddecide—decidedhope—hoped以重讀閉音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-edstop—stoppedadmit—admitted以“輔音字母＋y”結尾變y為i加-edcarry—carriedtry—tried形式變化規則構成方法例詞現在分詞一般情況直接加-inggo—goingread—reading以不發音-e結尾去e加-inghave—havingwrite—writing以重讀閉音節結尾，且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-ingcut—cuttingrun—running二、核心考點高考中通常把時態和語境結合起來考查(常在語法填空和短文改錯兩個題型中考查)。題干中往往沒有明確的時間狀語，需要考生搜索出時間參照信息。英語有16種時態，中學階段常用的是9種。1．一般現在時(am/is/are；動詞原形或動詞的單數第三人稱形式)(1)常常表示人現在的習慣或現在經常性發生的動作。常用的時間狀語有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業。(2)在時間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替一般將來時。They'llstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.即使你不成功，他們也會支持你。(3)表示客觀事實、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2．一般過去時(過去式)(1)表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與yesterday，lastyear，theotherday等時間狀語連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9：00a．m.yesterday.他昨天上午九點到學校。(2)根據上下文或主從句提示。Ididn'tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我沒有通過考試，這讓我父母很生氣。3．一般將來時表示未來的動作或狀態或臨時做出的決定，常用will/shall＋動詞原形或者強調主觀看法，表示主語打算、計劃等決定要做的事要用is/am/aregoingto＋動詞原形，常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow，nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.據說他將于下月卸任。4．現在進行時(am/is/are＋現在分詞)(1)表示現在(說話瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作；也可以表示當時一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。常用的時間狀語有now，atpresent,thisweek等。Motheriswaitingforme.母親在等我。Whatlessonareyoustudyingthisweek?你們本周學哪一課了？(2)代替一般將來時，表示即將發生的動作。動詞一般多為表示位置轉移的動詞。如：go,come,leave,arrive等。5．過去進行時(was/were＋現在分詞)(1)表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。常用的時間狀語then，atthattime等。Iwasdoingmylessonsthen.那時我在做功課。(2)代替過去將來時，表示過去即將發生的動作。Hesaidhewascomingtoseeme.他說他要來看我。即時訓練1單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotected.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Ifanessayisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,it____________(earn)azero.③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry_____________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.were

willearnwasfixing④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyou______________(look)foronsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,andit_______(feel)greattohavedonesomethinguseful.arelookingfeels6．現在完成時(have/has＋過去分詞)(1)表示動作或過程發生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時間，但現在已經完成，且結果仍對現在有影響。—I'msorry，butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven'tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對不起，我沒完全明白你的話。你是說你們打算9月20號回來嗎？——對不起，我沒有表達清楚。我們打算10月20號回來。(2)表示一個動作從過去開始，一直延續到現在，可能還要繼續下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說自上個月出版以來獲得了許多好評。(3)考查現在完成時，往往有較為明顯的時間狀語。如already，just，yet，since，for＋一段時間，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在過去的3小時里我已經學了大約200個英語單詞了。(4)下列句型中常用現在完成時。Ithasbeen＋一段時間＋since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋現在完成時This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名詞＋that＋現在完成時ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我所讀過的最有趣的小說。7．過去完成時(had＋過去分詞)(1)表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。用在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來之前我已經把手機收起來了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用過去完成時，表示“一……就……”。當hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里跑出來房子就燒塌了。(3)hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的愿望或意圖。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)即時訓練2單句語法填空①(2022·全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao_____________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Hehesitatedandthensaidhe______________(decide)nottorun.③Nosooner______we_______(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.④(2021·廣東六校聯考)Themastercarpenter____________(draw)over1.18millionsubscriberssofarontheInternet.⑤Asisreported,thenumberofsmokers______________(drop)by17percentinjustoneyearthankstothepushofhealthknowledge.haswalkedhaddecidedhadbeenhasdrawnhasdropped8．過去將來時(should/would＋動詞原形)表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發生的動作或存在的狀態。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她說她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道兒子緊接著要說什么。9．現在完成進行時(have/has＋been＋現在分詞)(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個時間，一直延續到現在并且會繼續進行下去的動作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來，他們一直為我們雜志寫稿。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復進行的動作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見面。即時訓練3單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrains___________(be)abletoreactintime.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.People____________________(bring)theirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

wouldbehavebeenbringing③AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe_________(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories_____________(change)theworld.④ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities__________________(rise)steadilysince1997.⑤Sincethen—foralltheseyears—we_____________________(allow)tomatoestoself-seedwheretheyplease.wouldbewouldchangehasbeenrisinghavebeenallowing語篇導入閱讀下面短文，體會、領悟加黑部分的語態。XiaoMing'sCellphoneXiaoMing'scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn'tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn'tstudyhard.二動詞的語態Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing'scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動語態的一般過去時，結構為：was/were＋過去分詞。②是被動語態的過去進行時，結構為：was/were＋being＋過去分詞。③是被動語態的過去完成時，結構為：hadbeen＋過去分詞。④是被動語態的一般現在時，結構為：is/am/are＋過去分詞。⑤是被動語態的現在進行時，結構為：is/am/are＋being＋過去分詞。⑥是被動語態的現在完成時，結構為：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞。⑦是帶情態動詞的被動語態，結構為：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞。⑧是被動語態的一般將來時，結構為：will＋be＋過去分詞。⑨是被動語態的將來完成時，結構為：will＋havebeen＋過去分詞。⑩是被動語態的將來進行時，結構為：will＋bebeing＋過去分詞。難點精析1．不及物動詞及短語沒有被動語態。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上發生了一起意外事故，死了五個人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我們學校發生了一場大火。2．被動語態的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態動詞后加not，短語動詞的被動語態不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應該種樹。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.這個男孩被他的同學取笑了。3．漢語有一類句子不出現主語，在英語中可用被動結構表示，構成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...據說/據報道……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認為學好一門外語的關鍵就是練習。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據報告，近一兩日氣溫將明顯下降。4．下面的主動形式常表示被動意義。(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn'tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來美味但營養不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn'tpractical.你的想法聽起來很棒但不切實際。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前還需潤色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.這些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書很有趣并且賣得不錯。即時訓練單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)ScottishNationalPortraitGallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.They________(hold)intheLectureRoom.②(2022·全國甲卷)Inarecentexperiment,cockatoos______________(present)withaboxwithanutinsideit.③(2022·全國乙卷)SinceAprildrinkscompanies_________________(force)topaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.areheldwerepresentedhavebeenforced④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhich_________________(grade).⑤(2022·全國乙卷)Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcould__________(avoid)withdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.⑥(2021·3月天津)Currently,about35,000works__________________

(dispaly)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.willbegradedbeavoidedarebeingdisplayed⑦(2021·1月浙江)Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson'sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25___________

(consider)healthy.⑧Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho___________________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.isconsideredhadbeentrapped解題策略1．掌握獨特的時間狀語標志(1)時間基點為現在，題干中如用always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等，用一般現在時。(2)題干中如用yesterday，lastnight，afewdaysago，theotherday等，用一般過去時。(3)題干中如用tomorrow，nextyear，inaweek等，用一般將來時。(4)題干中如用now，atpresent等，用現在進行時。(5)題干中如用atthattime，then，atsixo'clockyesterday等，用過去進行時。(6)題干中如用atthistimetomorrow，from1o'clockto3o'clocktomorrow等，用將來進行時。(7)題干中如用sofar，uptonow，in/over/duringthelastyear/pastfewyears等，用現在完成時。2．熟記固定句型中的時態(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用過去進行時，when后面的句子常用一般過去時。(2)Itis/hasbeen＋時間段＋since...表示“自從……以來已……”，主句用一般現在時或現在完成時，從句用一般過去時。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句常用一般將來時。3．分清主動被動，辨析語態看到主語為物，且動詞為及物動詞，要想到用被動語態。語篇導入1．語法一致原則Ilive①inBeijingwhilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven't①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyuncleareagainst④myidea.Someonetells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.三主謂一致該原則要求謂語動詞必須與主語在語法形式上保持一致，即主語是單數形式則動詞用單數形式；主語是復數形式則動詞用復數形式：①根據主語的人稱和數，來確定謂語動詞的單復數。②主語是不定式或動名詞，動詞用單數。③主語是從句，動詞一般用單數。④主語后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動詞跟這些詞前面的主語一致。⑤主語為someone，anyone，everyone等不定代詞時，謂語動詞往往用單數。⑥關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數保持一致。2．意義一致原則Ihavebeentravellingonabudgetforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon't②understandme，themajorityofpeopleImetonmywayare③friendly.Theolddon't④supportmycrazybehaviour，buttheyoungadmire④me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheyhavebeenusedtothis.①表示時間、數量、長度及價格的名詞，盡管有時是復數形式，但常被看作是一個整體，謂語動詞用單數。②“anumberof＋復數名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。③themajorityof，therestof，分數/百分數＋of＋名詞，要根據名詞的數或者是否可數來確定謂語動詞的數。④“the＋adj.”表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數；表示一類物時，謂語動詞用單數。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集體名詞，當其表示集體意義，強調整體概念時，謂語動詞用單數；當其表示集體中各個組成部分，強調個體概念時，謂語動詞用復數。3．就近一致原則Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.①here/there引導一個句子而且主語不止一個時，通常根據“就近一致”原則，即謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。②由or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時，通常根據“就近一致”原則，即謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數上保持一致。難點精析1．用and連接的并列主語，如果主語是同一個人，同一事，同一概念，謂語動詞用單數，否則用復數。Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩人兼作家來了。(一個人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.錘子和鋸都是有用的工具。(兩樣物)注意：用and連接的成對名詞習慣上被看成是一個整體，如：breadandbutter(黃油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。2．若主語中有morethanone或manya/an，盡管從意義上看是復數，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數。

但more＋復數名詞＋thanone作主語時，謂語動詞仍用復數。Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball.許多男生都喜歡打籃球。Morethanonestudentwaslate.不止一個學生遲到。Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個人來幫助我們。3．形復意單名詞如：news；以－ics結尾的學科名稱如：physics，mathematics，economics；國名如：theUnitedStates；報紙名如：theNewTimes；書名如：ArabianNights《天方夜譚》；以及theUnitedNations聯合國等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。即時訓練單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhood_____(be)ofgreatimportance.②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)IusedtokeephenswhenI______(be)youngerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.③(2022·浙江卷)Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwho_______(be)physicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife.iswaswere④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,who______(be)standingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.⑤(2022·全國乙卷)Initiallythesugartax________________(expect)tomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.⑥Theteacherandpoetoften________(give)lecturesaroundthecity.⑦NobodybutJimandMike_____(be)ontheplaygroundnow.⑧AsfarasIknow，hisfamily_____notverylargebutthefamily______allmusiclovers.(be)⑨Thepoor_______(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.⑩NeitherhisparentsnorI__________(be)abletopersuadehimtochangehismind.waswasexpectedgivesisisare

weream/was解題策略1．找準句子中的主語，看主語是單數還是復數。2．牢記特殊用法的結構，用對謂語動詞的數。3．注意結合時態和語態。語篇導入1．can/couldMary—M

Nancy—NM：Can①youreadthisword?N：Sorry，Ican't①.M：Can/Could②Iuseyourdictionary?N：Ofcourseyoucan③，butwaitaminute.Whereismydictionary?M：Can④itbeinyourdormitory?N：No，itcan't④be.Ineverstudyinmydormitory.四情態動詞M：Couldyouhavelent⑤ittoyourdeskmate?N：No，mydeskmatecouldn'thaveborrowed⑤adictionarybecausehehatesEnglish.ItmightbeinJane'sdesk，butIcan't⑥touchherbookswithoutpermission.M：Anorganizedpersoncan⑦forgetthings.can/could的意義及用法①can表能力，意為“能夠”。②can表請求，could表示委婉語氣。③can表許可。④can表推測，意為“可能”，常用于疑問句/否定句。⑤couldn'thavedone意為“不可能做過某事”，Couldsb./sth.havedone...?意為“某人/某物可能做過某事嗎？”，表示對過去的推測，用于疑問句或否定句。⑥can't表示客觀條件不允許。⑦can表示客觀上存在這種可能性但不一定發生。2．may/mightMike—M

Teacher—TM：May/Might①Icomein?T：Yes，youmay②.You'realmostlate，andwhereisyourdeskmate?M：Hmm，Idon'tknow.Hemay/might③beonthewaytoschool.T：Hemight③be；thatis，hemightnot③beonhiswaytoschool.Mike，youmayaswell④tellmethetruth.Whyhasn'thecomeyet?M：Hemighthavestayed⑤uplatelastnight，andhemightnothaveset⑤thealarmclock.may/might的意義及用法①表示請求。②表示許可，不用might。③表示對現在的猜測，might表示語氣更不肯定。④mayaswell“還是……好”。⑤mighthavedone表示對過去的猜測，意為“可能做了某事”。mightnothavedone意為“可能沒做某事”。3．mustJane—J

Mother—MJ：Mom，must①Itakethismedicine?M：Yes，youmust①.J：Must①Itakeitrightnow?M：No，youneedn't②.Youcantakeitlater.J：Butitmustbe③bitter.M：I'vetoldyoutowearyourcoat，butyoumust④wearyourT-shirt.Besides，youmusthaveplayed⑤outdoors.Youmustn't⑥doitagain.must的意義及用法①must表必須，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn't。③mustbe表示對現在的猜測，只用于肯定句。④must表示非要，偏偏。⑤musthavedone表示對過去的推測，只用于肯定句中，意為“一定做過某事”。⑥mustn't表示禁止意為“不可以”，不表示推測。4．shouldBoss—B

Jane—J

Steven—SB：It'sninenowandeveryoneshould①behere.WhereisSteven?Heshouldhavearrived②tenminutesago.J：Reallystrange，Ican'timagineMr.Punctualshould③belateforwork.B：Herehecomes.Whyareyoulate，Steven?S：I'mterriblysorry，sir.Ishouldn'thavedrunk②toomuchcoffeeyesterdayevening.Ikeptmyeyesopenuntilfouro'clockinthemorning.B：Apersonlikeyoushouldn'tdrink④toomuchcoffee，teaeither.S：Yes，Ioughttobepunctualasusual.should的意義及用法①表示推測，意思為“按理說應當”。②shouldhavedone意為“過去本應做而沒做”，shouldn'thavedone表示“過去本不應做卻做了”，含有虛擬的意味。③表“竟然”。④should(not)dosth.＝ought(not)todosth.“(不)應該做某事”。5．shallMan—M

Woman—WM：Hi，whereareyougoing?W：Ishall①gotoNewYork.M：Metoo！Oh，yoursuitcaseisheavy.Shall②Icarryitforyou，Miss？(carrying

the

suitcase

to

the

woman's

seat

and

sitting

beside

the

woman)W：Thankyouforhelpingme，butit'srequiredthateveryoneshall③sitonhisownseat.M：Itdoesn'tmatter.W：Stayawayfromme，orIwillcallthepolice.Youshall④besorryforwhatyoudo.Sir，Ineedyourhelp.(waving

to

a

policeman)shall的意義及用法①用于第一人稱，表將要做某事。②用于第一、三人稱疑問句，表請求。③用于第二、三人稱陳述句，表示按照正式的規定要做的事。④用于第二、三人稱陳述句，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。6．need/dareMike—M

Jack—JM：Doyoudaretotake①yourcellphonetotheexamination?J：No，Idarenotdo②it；Ineedn'tdo③iteither.M：Youstudywell，soyoudon'tneedtocheat④.Iamdifferent.J：Stopthinkingaboutcheating，andyoucan'tgetawaywithit.Youneedto⑤studyhard.Nopains，nogains.need/dare的意義及用法?dare和need在作情態動詞時，沒有人稱和時態的變化，常用于疑問句和否定句。疑問句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法第②和③。?dare和need作實意動詞時，有人稱和時態的變化，常用于肯定句中。如果構成疑問句和否定句，需要加助動詞do/does，且其后要加todo。如用法第①④⑤。?其用法簡單總結為：有助有to，無助無to。7．will/wouldTom—T

Mary—MM：Howaboutthenewwatch?T：Iwill①neveruseitanymore.Itjustwon't②givethecorrecttime.M：Hush！Grandmaissleeping.Shewill③haveanapatthistimethesedays.T：Atnineo'clockinthemorning？Shewould/usedto④haveanapintheafternoon.M：Thephoneisringing，butIambusywithmywork.T：Okay，Iwill⑤answerit.will/would的意義及用法①表示意愿。②表示物的屬性。③表示人現在的習慣，意為“常常做某事”。④would/usedto表示過去的習慣。⑤表示臨時起意。難點精析1．用于固定習語中：can't...too/enough(無論……也不過分；越……越好)Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhencrossingabusystreet.＝Youcan'tbecarefulenoughwhencrossingabusystreet.你橫穿馬路的時候，再怎么小心都不為過/越小心越好。2．情態動詞＋havedone對過去發生的事情或狀態進行推測(1)musthavedonesth.“(過去)一定做了某事”；語氣比較肯定；用于肯定句中(2)may(might)havedonesth.“(過去)可能/也許做了某事”；語氣不確定；用于肯定句和否定句中(3)can(could)nothavedonesth.“(過去)不可能做某事”；用于否定句和疑問句，表示對過去發生的行為的懷疑或不確定表示“與過去事實相反”(1)couldhavedonesth.(過去)本可以做某事但實際上沒做(2)needn'thavedonesth.(過去)本不必做某事但實際上做了(3)oughtto/shouldhavedonesth.(過去)本應該做某事但實際上沒做(4)oughtn'tto/shouldn'thavedonesth.(過去)本不應該做某事但實際上做了(5)mighthavedonesth.(過去)可能做某事但實際上沒做即時訓練用適當的情態動詞填空(必要時加not)①(2022·全國甲卷)Inhumans,babies______putaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetricalshapes.②(2022·全國甲卷)Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterules______seemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.canmay③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudents_______bereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion.④(2022·全國乙卷)Theoneinthenewenvironment_________besympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.⑤(2021·3月天津)Itusedtobethatyou________driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.mustshouldcould⑥Everyonepresentwillnotbelievesuchagentleman_________dothat.⑦You___________playwiththeknife，oryoumayhurtyourself.⑧You________bepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.⑨It_______haverainedlastnight，fortheroadisquitemuddy.⑩I___________havetakentheumbrella，fortheweatherisfine.shouldmustn'tshallmustneedn't語篇導入1．wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonlyMr.Zhang—Z

Mr.Wang—W(Beside

the

river，Mr.Zhang

and

Mr.Wang

are

quivering

asiftheywere①

in

cold

winter.)Z：IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W：IwouldratherIhadn'tinvited②youtogoout.Z：Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W：Ifonlyyouhadn'tfallen②intotheriver!Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn'tblame③thisonme.五虛擬語氣asif/though好像，wish希望，wouldrather寧可，寧愿，ifonly要是……就好了，這四組詞后的從句往往用虛擬語氣。①對現在(以及wouldrather對將來)的虛擬，從句謂語用過去式(be的過去式用were)。②對過去的虛擬，從句謂語用had＋過去分詞。③對將來的虛擬，從句謂語用would/could/might＋動詞原形(wouldrather除外)。2．條件狀語從句中的虛擬語氣Mr.Zhang—Z

Wife—W(in

the

hospital)Z：Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill，Iwouldgofishing.①W：Ifyouhadn'tgonefishingyesterday，youwouldn'thavecaughtacold.②Z：Iwouldhavestayedathome，butMr.Wanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry，otherwiseIwouldn'thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W：IsitallLaoWang'sfault?Butfor/WithoutMr.Wang，youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z：Haditnotbeenforthebigfish，Iwouldn'thavefallenintothewater.⑥I'dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦?①②⑦為if條件句引導的虛擬語氣，從句和主句的結構為：對現在的虛擬：If＋主語＋did/were...，主語＋would/could/should/mightdo...對過去的虛擬：If＋主語＋haddone...，主語＋would/could/should/mighthavedone...對將來的虛擬：If＋主語＋did/should/weretodo...，主語＋would/could/should/mightdo...?⑥為條件虛擬語氣句的省略與倒裝，結構為：Had＋主語＋done，主語＋would(not)havedone...Were＋主語＋todo/Should＋主語＋do，主語＋woulddo...?③④⑤為含蓄虛擬語氣，結構如下：主語＋wouldhavedone...，but過去的事實主語＋woulddo...，but現在的事實without/butfor＋n.，主語＋woulddo(與現在相反)without/butfor＋n.，主語＋wouldhavedone(與過去相反)現在的事實，otherwise/or＋主語＋woulddo過去的事實，otherwise/or＋主語＋wouldhavedone3．名詞性從句和定語從句中的虛擬語氣Yesterday，Mikeinsistedthathehadn'tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthatheshouldnotbepunished.①Theteacherorderedthatheshouldtakeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthatheshouldphonehisparentsrightnow.①Mikerequestedthattheteachershouldnotcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteachershouldgivehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudentsshouldnottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMikeshouldstudyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheshouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④?某些特定的動詞之后的賓語從句常用含有should的虛擬語氣，即“(should＋)動詞原形”。如①，這類動詞包括“一堅持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建議”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。?上述動詞用于Itis/was＋過去分詞＋that從句時，從句使用帶should的虛擬語氣，如②。?上述動詞的名詞形式如requirement，suggestion等，其后的表語從句或同位語從句用含有should的虛擬語氣，如③。?Itishigh/abouttimethatsb.did/shoulddosth.也是常見的虛擬語氣形式，如④。4．Itis＋adj.＋thatsb.shoulddo...Englishteacher：Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyoushouldlearnEnglishwell.Student：Why？AsaChinese，IthinkitisstrangethatIshouldlearnEnglishwell.某些Itis/was＋形容詞＋that引導的主語從句中，主語從句要用虛擬語氣，即“(should＋)動詞原形”，這類形容詞包括important，essential，necessary，strange等等。難點精析1．當suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅持認為，堅持說”之意時，suggest/insist后的賓語從句不使用虛擬語氣，而使用陳述語氣。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他臉上的笑容表明他對我們的工作很滿意。Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthatheshouldnotbesenttohospital.這個老人堅持認為他沒有病，堅持要求他不應該被送到醫院。2．錯綜時間條件句當從句、主句所表示的行為發生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據它所在的時間作出相應的調整。Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteacheryesterday，youwouldn'tsuffersomuchnow.如果你昨天聽老師的，你現在就不會受這么多苦。即時訓練單句語法填空①TheAntarcticaissomysticallydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyI___________(be)therebefore!②Ouronlyrequestisthatthis________________________(settle)assoonaspossible.③Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident；otherwisehe____________________(arrive)ontime.hadbeen

(should)besettledwouldhavearrived④Ifit____________________________(rain)tomorrow，theywouldnotgooutforapicnic.⑤Ifyou____________(take)myadvice，youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.shouldrain/weretorain/rained

hadtaken解題策略情態動詞和虛擬語氣解題“兩注意”注意一：若句中謂語動詞為原形，在其前設純空格題時，注意考慮情態動詞。然后根據句意或句式結構填入恰當的情態動詞。注意二：一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作謂語，就要考慮其時態、語態、語氣、主謂一致等，特別是注意虛擬語氣中的時態。判斷虛擬語氣，除了常見的if虛擬條件句，還應注意其他常搭配虛擬語氣的句型。考點分層演練層級一基礎達標練單句語法填空1．Itisthefirsttimethatmyson__________(meet)ZhongNanshan，therenownedChines