名詞性從句nounclause

主語從句subjectclause

賓語從句objectclause

表語從句predicativeclause

同位語從句appositiveclause1/32

名詞性從句

主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句主語從句在句中做------賓語從句在句中做------表語從句在句中做------同位語從句在句中-----主語賓語表語同位語1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句2/32從賓語從句objectclause說開去:Theobjectclausescanbedividedintothefollowinggroups

賓語從句可分為以下幾類,這種分類方法也一樣適用于其它幾個(gè)名詞從句:1.陳說句分句,由無實(shí)際意義that

引導(dǎo),that常可省略.

Wedonotagree(that)thecomputerhelpsusalot.2.普通疑問句分句,由whether

或if

引導(dǎo).

Ican’ttellwhether/ifhe’scomingornot.3.特殊疑問句分句,由wh詞引導(dǎo).

Iwonderwhohastakenmydictionary.Haveyoufoundoutwherethetroublelies?4.感嘆分句,由what

和how

引導(dǎo).

Irememberwhatafinevoiceshehad.Hewasastonishedtofindouthowfastshecouldrun.3/32

連接詞(1)who“誰”在從句中主語whom“誰”在從句中作賓語

whose“誰”which“哪一個(gè)”when“什么時(shí)候”where“(在)…什么地方”why“為何”whether,if“是否”how“怎么”

that無意義，不作成份what“什么”或“所…在從句中作主語/賓語/表語that“無意思、無地位”whether“有意思、無地位”其它均“有意思、有地位”從意思和句子可分為三類:

conjunctions4/32Hesaid＿＿＿h(yuǎn)efeltsick.Heasked_________Icouldhelphim.Canyoutellme＿＿＿Igettothemuseum?Idon’tknow_______hedidn’tcome.Areyousorryfor＿＿＿youhavedone?Iampleased_______youhavepassedthetest..(that)whether/ifhowwhywhatthathowwhatwhywhether/ifthat5/32Thisis_______LuXunoncelived.Thatwas_____theywonthematch.Thisis_____shegotupsoearlythismorning.Hewassenttothehospital.That’s_________hewasill.這就是魯迅曾經(jīng)住過地方.

那就是他們這么贏得這場(chǎng)比賽這就是她今天早上起得這么早原因.wherehow

why他被送到了醫(yī)院．那是因?yàn)樗×耍産ecause6/32Theimportantthingis____wecanimproveourEnglish.主要是我們?cè)鯓犹嵘⒄Z成績(jī).Myideais_____weshouldpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.我們應(yīng)該天天練習(xí)講英語.Myquestionis____willdothejob.我問題是誰要作這項(xiàng)工作．howthatwho7/32“Whether”canbeusedinthefollowingsituations

a.discuss+whether---b.preposition(介詞)+whetherc.whether---ornot連用d.whethertodo---e.usedinSubjectClause(句首）/ObjectClause/AppositiveClauseif五不用8/321.Idon’tknow________itwillrain.2._______itwillraindoesn’tmatter.3.Weareworriedabout_____wearesafe.4.Ihavenoidea_____Ishoulddoso.5.Iaskedher________hehadbeenabroad.6.Thequestionis______heshoulddoit.

whether/if

whether/if

whether

whether

whether

whether9/32that引導(dǎo)陳說句,在從句中沒有詞義,不可省略return她會(huì)講法語這一點(diǎn)大家都知道.ThatshecanspeakFrenchisknowntousall.她一聲不響拿走了他雜志,這使他很生氣.__________________________________________________________五班輸了比賽,這事令全部人感到詫異.__________________________________________________________他干了一早晨活,這使他感到很累.__________________________________________________________她不可能是美國人,這一點(diǎn)是很清楚.__________________________________________________________她已經(jīng)入團(tuán)了,這件事很快會(huì)被宣告.__________________________________________________________Thathetookawayhismagazinewithoutawordmadehimangry.ThatClassFivelostthegamesurprisedeveryone.Thatheworkedallmorningmadehimfeelverytired.Thatshecan’tbeanAmericanisquiteclear.ThatshehasjoinedtheLeaguewillbeannouncedsoon.10/32What在從句中表示“什么”或“所…..”returnWhat

hewilldonextisunknown.What表示疑問“什么”比如：他下一步做什么我們不清楚。在那兒所看到(事物)是無法描述.我們?cè)趺刺幚磉@些書與你無關(guān).她會(huì)給我們帶些什么食物來還不清楚.明天會(huì)發(fā)生什么事還是個(gè)謎.她所買只是一些蔬菜.Whatwasseenthereisbeyonddescription.Whatwewilldowiththebookshasnothingtodowithyou.Whatfoodhewillbringtousisnotclear.Whatwillhappentomorrowisstillamystery.WhatshehasboughtareonlysomevegetablesWhat只用于名詞性從句中11/32whatorthat_____ourlifewillbelikeishardtopredit.____willhappentomorrowisstillamystery.____weneedisenoughtime.____heworkedallmorningmadehimfeelverytired.____hedidn’tcomeheresurprisedus.WWWTT12/32

1.Thefactis_____shedoesn’tlikepopmusic.2.Mytroubleis_____Idon’thaveenoughexperience.3.Thequestionis_______hewillbepresentornot.4.Whattroubledhimwas________hecouldgetthemoney.thatthatwhetherwhether/where/how13/32主語從句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow從句引導(dǎo)詞:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.3.When

hewillcomeisunknown.4.Whether

heiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主語從句位置1.在句首2.主語較長(zhǎng)時(shí)通常放在后面,句首主語用It

主語太長(zhǎng)了!放到句尾2.

What

surprisedmewastoseehimhere.位于句首14/32It作主語慣用句型有:1.It+be+形容詞+that從句2.It+be+名稱詞組(duty/pity..)+that從句3.It+be+過去分詞(said/thought..)+that從句4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞(seem/happen..)+that從句Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.Itissaidthathehastoldhereverything.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.真可惜我們不能去游泳.恰巧那天我外出了.他考試必定會(huì)考好.聽說他已告訴了她一切.注意:Itlookedthathewasright.(×)能夠說:Itlooksasif….15/32用表語從句合并ReturnHewasabsentfromthemeeting.That’sthefact.Isheastudent?That’smyquestion.WhenwillweleavefortheIsland.?That’swhatIwanttoknow.Whommustoureducationserve?That’sthemostimportant.Thefactisthathewasabsentfromthemeeting.Myquestioniswhetherheisstudent.從句一律陳說語序WhatIwanttoknowiswhenwe’llleavefortheIslandThemostimportantiswhomoureducationmustserve.5.Myideais_______________________________________(我們應(yīng)該天天練習(xí)講英語)

thatweshouldpracticespeakingEnglisheveryday.That無詞義,是引導(dǎo)詞,不要遺漏主要是我們?cè)鯓犹嵘⒄Z成績(jī)._________________________________________________________TheimportantthingishowwecouldimproveourEnglish.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)16/32Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.Idon’tdoubt

thatwewillwinthematch.Doyoudoubt

thathediditonhisown?doubt問題必定句中用if/whether否定句中用that疑定句中用thatIdoubt_________heistellingthetruth.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.

if/whether

that

that

if/whether17/32correctionTheemperorwaspleasedbywhichtheministertoldhimaboutit.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.Shesaidthatshehasnevertoldalie.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.whatitnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsexretforthetimebeingthatshewillsucceed?whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.had

willleaveforParis?ThatourfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofusWhatItseemedwhich不做介詞賓語that不做介詞賓語句尾重心從句缺乏引導(dǎo)詞that不做句子成份沒有Itlookthat…表示式18/32同位語從句被修飾詞有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea…同位語從句說明它們內(nèi)容常見引導(dǎo)詞:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑問詞Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.Thequestionhow

Ididitishardtoanswer.Theyhadnoideawhere

theyshouldgotofindsomefood.Thequestionwhether

hecomesornotisnotimportant.(if)Athoughtcametome

that

hemightbeinthelibrary.事實(shí)勝于雄辨這一道理非常清楚.我怎么做這一問題難回答.他們根本不知去哪兒找食物他是否來這個(gè)問題不主要.我突然想到他可能在圖書館.被別詞隔開that無詞義19/32

連接詞(2)Whateverwhoeverwhicheverhoweverwherever

whenever

泛指Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptasecret.Whoeverleavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelight.Whatever=anythingthatWhoever=anyonewhoWh-ever引發(fā)名詞從句不用nomatterwh-替換20/32引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句whoever和whatever與引導(dǎo)名詞性從句whoever和whatever相比，有不一樣含義。即whoever=nomatterwho;whatever=nomatterwhat。請(qǐng)對(duì)比下面兩句：（a）Whoeverbreakstherulesshouldbepunished.（b）Whoeverbreakstherules,heshouldbepunished.21/32____willgivethespeechisclear._______breaksthelawshouldbepunished._______getshomefirstshallcookthedinner.WhoWhoeverWhoever

whoorwhoever22/321.ThesepicturesaresospecialthatIwoulddo_______Icantosavethem.A.WhateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever2.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.Whothat B.WhoeverC.Whomthat D.Thatwho3.Iwillgivethisdictionaryto________wantstohaveit.A.whomever B.whoeverCwhatever D.whereverABB23/32AgreementWhetherweshouldgothereneeddiscussing.Whathesaidatthemeetingareveryimportant.Whatwewanttoget____(be)yoursupport.Whatweneed____(be)manybooks.

isare24/321.____hebroughtforyourbirthdayisadictionary

A.ThatB.WhatC.ThisD.Which2.Iwanttoknow_____shesaidaboutme.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.it3._____isinterestedinthejobmayapplyforit.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whenBBB25/324.Itdependson____hewillarriveintimeornot.A.IfB.whetherC.eitherD.that5.Iwillmake_____clearthatIhavenothingtodowithit.A.ThisBthatC.itD.thatis6.Ihavenoidea_____hefinishedthetask.A.WhatB.howC.thatD.whichBCB26/32N從句注意1語序2時(shí)態(tài)27/32Theradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey__________ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou__________abouttherelayracenow.(talk)Ididn’tknowwhomtheletters_________from.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghasreturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingwereweredoing28/3210.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_________toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_______intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey______yesterday?(do)wrotemoveshastakenhasbeenrisesdid29/32將以下句子合并為一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.6.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskedif