水工建筑物專業詞匯岸墻landwall岸墻landwall壩頂damcrest,damtop壩踵damheel壩趾damtoe板樁sheetpile邊墩sidepier,landpier變形模量deformationmodulus鼻坎bucketlip畢肖普法Bishopmethod冰壓力icepressure剝離desquamation側槽式溢洪道sidechannelSpillway沉降settlement齒墻cut-offtrench沖沙閘（排沙閘）silt一releasingSluice純拱法independentarchmethod刺墻key-wall大頭壩massive—headbuttressdam*buttress是扶壁的意思單寬流量dischargeperunitwidth單曲拱壩single—urvaturearchdam擋潮閘tidalsluice導流隧洞riverdiversiontunnel倒懸度Overhangdegree底流消能energydissipationbyunderflow地震作用earthquakeaction墊座cushionabutment動水壓力hydrodynamicpressure斷層fault堆石壩rock-filldam多拱梁法multi-archbeammethod閥門valvegate防浪墻wavewall防滲鋪蓋imperviousblanket非常溢洪道emergencyspillway分洪閘flooddiversionsluice副壩auxiliarydam剛體極限平衡法limitequilibriummethodforrigidblock拱壩archdam拱冠梁crowncantilever拱冠粱法crowncantilevermethod工作橋servicebridge固結灌漿consolidationgrouting灌溉隧洞irrigationtunnel灌漿帷幕groutcurtain管涌piping海漫apronextension橫縫transversejoint虹吸式溢洪道siphonspillway蝴蝶閥butterflyvalve護坡slopeprotection護坦apron弧形閘門radialgate滑雪道式溢洪道ski—umpspillway化學管涌chemicalpiping混凝土防滲墻concretecut-offwall混凝土面板堆石壩concretefacedrock—filldam基本斷面primarysection簡化畢肖普法simplifiedBishopmethod漿砌石拱壩stonemasonryarchdam漿砌石重力壩stonemasonrygravitydam交通橋trafficbridge接觸沖刷contactscouring接觸灌漿contactgrouting接縫灌漿jointgrouting截水槽cut—offtrench節制閘checksluice進水口waterinlet進水閘inletsluice井式溢洪道shaftspillway靜水壓力hydrostaticpressure均質壩homogeneousearthdam抗滑穩定分析analysisofstabilityagainstsliding抗滑穩定性stabilityagainstsliding空腹重力壩hollowgravitydam空化cavitation空蝕cavitationerosion空注閥hollowjetvalve寬縫重力壩slottedgravitydam寬尾墩flaringpier廊道gallery浪壓力waveforce理論計算theoreticalcomputation攔河閘riversluice瀝青混凝土asphaltconcrete連拱壩multiple—archdam流土soilflow流網法flownetmethod錨桿anchorrod面板faceslab面流消能energydissipationbysurfaceflow模型試驗modelexperiment泥沙壓力siltpressure碾壓混凝土壩RollerCompactedConcreteDam牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt一releasingtunnel排水drainage排水閘outletsluice噴混凝土sprayedconcrete平板壩flatslabbuttressdam平面閘門planegate破碎帶crushedzone鋪蓋blanket砌石護坡stonepitching人工材料面板壩artificialmaterialfaceddam人工材料心墻壩artificialmaterial—coredam溶洞solutioncavern軟基重力壩gravitydamonsoftfoundation軟弱夾層softintercalatedlayer實用斷面practicalsection試載法trial-loadmethod雙曲拱壩double-curvaturearchdam水工建筑物hydraulicstructure水工隧洞hydraulictunnel，waterwaytunnel水力發電隧洞hydropowertunnel水利樞紐hydro-complex水力學方法hydraulicsmethod水平施工縫horizontaljoint水閘sluice彈性模量elasticmodulus挑流消能energydissipationbytrajectoryjet土工膜geomembrane土石壩earth—rockdam土質斜墻壩earthdamwithinclinedsoilwall土質斜心墻壩earthdamwithinclinedsoilcore土質心墻壩earthdamwithsoilcore帷幕灌漿curtaingrouting溫度荷載temperatureload溫度控制temperaturecontrol溫度應力temperaturestress溫度作用temperatureaction無壓隧洞freeleveltunnel消力池stillingpool消力戽rollerbucket消能工energydissipater泄洪隧洞spillwaytunnel泄水建筑物dischargestructure泄水孔outlethole新奧法NATM(NewAustrianTunnelingMethod)胸墻breastwall揚壓力uplift溢洪道spillway水墊塘plungepool溢流壩overflowdam、翼墻wingwall應力分析stressanalysis優化設計optimizationdesign有限單元法finiteelementmethod有壓隧洞pressuretunnel閘墩pier閘門gate閘門槽gateslot正槽式溢洪道normalchannelspillway整體式重力壩monolithicgravitydam趾板toeslab支墩壩buttressdam重力壩gravitydam重力墩gravityabutment周邊縫peripheraljoint駐波standingwave錐形閥conevalve自由跌流freedrop自重deadweight縱縫longitudinaljoint鍵槽keystrench伸縮縫contractionjoint施工縫constructionjoint反弧段flipbucket攔污柵trashrack漸變段transition泄槽chute發電進水口powerintake通氣管airvent檢修門bulkheadgate事故門emergencygate工作門servicegate堰weir通氣管airvent胸墻breastwall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfillconcrete接地earth一期混凝土primaryconcrete二期混凝土secondaryconcrete疊梁門stoplog門機gantrycrane止水waterstop鋼筋reinforcement模板formwork圍堰cofferdam馬道bench；berm蝸殼volute水輪機turbine電站powerhouse車間workshop發電機generator變電站transformerstation副廠房auxiliarypowerhouse安裝間erectionbay尾水閘門taillock尾水渠tailrace弓1水渠approachchannel前池forebay導墻leadwall隔墻partitionwall接觸灌漿contactgrouting回填混凝土backfillconcrete帷幕灌漿curtaingrouting擋墻retainingwall港