類新6Anationshouldrequireallstudentstostudythesamecurriculumuntiltheyenter5ratherthanallowschoolsdifferentpartsofthenationdeterminewhichacademiccourses5AnationshouldrequireallitsstudentstostudythesamenationalcurriculumuntiltheyentercollegeratherthanallowschoolsindifferentpartsofthenationtodeterminewhichacademiccoursestoTotrulyunderstandyourownculture—nomatterhowyoudefineit—requiresalknowledgeofatleastoneotherculture,onethatisdistinctlydifferentfromyourown.Bothparentsandcommunitiesmustbeinvolvedinthelocalschools.EducationistooimportanttoleavesolelytoagroupofprofessionalCollegestudents—andpeopleingeneral—prefertofollowdirectionsratherthanmaketheirowndecisions.Therefore,shouldeliminateasmanychoicesaspossibleinordertoofferCollegestudentsshouldbeencouragedtopursuesubjectsthatinterestthemratherthanseekprogramsthatpromiseentryinto感的課程，而不是學(xué)舊題取反thejobUniversitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudybecauseacquiringknowledgeofvariousacademicdisciplinesisthebestwaytoetrulyNofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessoutsidersbringtheirknowledgeandexperiencetothatfieldofstudy.Inordertoimprovethequalityofinstructionatthecollegeanduniversitylevel,allfacultyshouldberequiredtospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttotheCompetitionforhighgradesseriouslylimitsthequalityoflearningatalllevelsof3oEducationwillbetrulyeffectiveonlywhenitisspecificallydesignedtomeettheindividualneedsandinterestsofeach人們經(jīng)常育的目的是釋放人們的心靈。但實(shí)際上，正規(guī)的教育卻傾向于束縛而非釋放了人們的心Itisoftenassertedthatthepurposeofeducationistothemindandthespirit.Inreality,however,formaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritsratherthansetthemCollegeanduniversityeducationshouldbeforallstudents,fullyfinancedbytheEducationisprimarilyaalmatter;ithaslittletodowithschoolorcollege.Societyshouldidentifythosechildrenwhohavespecialtalentsandabilitiesandbegintrainingthematanearlyagesothattheycaneventuallyexcelintheirareasofability.Otherwise,thesetalentsarelikelytoStudentsshouldbringacertainskepticismtowhatevertheystudy.Theyshouldquestionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingit Thebestwaytoteach—whetherasaneducator,employer,orparent—istopraisepositiveactionsandignorenegativeones.oAsweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonot emorecomprehensible,butmorecomplexandmoremysterious.Sometimesimaginationisamorevaluableassetthanexperience.Peoplewholackexperiencearetoimaginewhatispossibleandthuscanapproachataskconstraintsofestablishedhabitsandattitudes1Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown;disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning.的知識(shí)需要，并且要有Whatmosthumanbeingsreallywanttoattainisnotknowledge,butcertainty.Gainingrealknowledgerequirestakingrisksandkeethemindopen—butmostpeopleprefertobereassuredratherthantolearnthecomplexandStudentsshouldmemorizefactsonlyaftertheyhavestudiedtheideas,trends,andconceptsthathelpexinthosefacts.Studentswhohavelearnedonlyfactshavelearnedverylittle.Itisnecessaryforeveryonetoreadpoetry,novels,mythologyandothertypesofimaginative 4Nofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessbringtheirknowledgeandexperiencetothatfieldofstudy.。（183-學(xué)習(xí)Peoplearemistakenwhentheyassumethattheproblemstheyconfrontaremorecomplexandchallengingthantheproblemsfacedbytheirpredecessors.ThisillusioniseventuallydispelledwithincreasedknowledgeandAsweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonot emore盡管技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，如機(jī)、Althoughinnovationssuchas,computers,andtheInternetseemtoofferschoolsimprovedmethodsforinstructingstudents,thesealltoooftendistractAspeoplerelymoreandmoreontechnologytosolveproblems,theabilityofhumanstothinkforthemselveswillsurelydeteriorate.1科技對現(xiàn)活是必須的，的，可能或降低人們的有得到改善。、、TechnologyisanecessarybutnotalwaysapositiveinmodernTechnologycreatesmoreproblemsthanitsolves,andmaythreatenordamagethequalityoflife.Humanityhasmadelittlerealprogressoverthepastcenturyorso.Technologicalinnovationshavetakence,buttheoverallconditionofhumanityisnobetter. ,andpovertyarestillwithusTechnologyThehumanmindwillalwaysbesuperiortomachinesbecausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanTheprimarygoaloftechnologicaladvancementshouldbetoincreasepeople'sefficiencysothateveryonehasmoreleisuretime.Instantfoods,instantcommunication,fastertransportation-alloftheserecentdevelopmentsaredesignedtosavetime.Ironically,though,insteadofmakingmoreleisuretimeavailable,thesedevelopmentshavecontributedtoapaceof息結(jié)果是確的。因此，Muchoftheinformationthatpeopleassumeis'factual'actuallyturnsouttobeinaccurate.Thus,anypieceofinformationreferredtoasa'fact'shouldbemistrustedsinceitmaywellbeprovenfalseinOnlybybeingdtodefendanideaagainstthedoubtsandcontrastingviewsofothersdoesonereallydiscoverthevalueofthatidea.Moneyspentonresearchisalmostalwaysagoodinvestment,evenwhentheresultsofthatresearchareIfagoalisworthy,thenanymeanstakentoattainitisPeoplemakethemistakeoftreatingexpertswithsuspicionandmistrust,nomatterhowvaluabletheircontributionsmightbe.Peoplearetooquicktotakeaction;insteadtheyshouldstopthinkofthepossibleconsequencesofwhattheymightdo.Nomatterwhatthesituation,itismoreharmfultocompromiseone'sbeliefsthantoadheretothem.Peoplewhoarethemostdeeplycommittedtoanideaorarethemostcriticalofit.People'sattitudesaredeterminedmorebytheirimmediateorsurroundingsthanbyanyinternalcharacteristic.多物種的都是自然因素造成，而并類行為。所的人力物力去拯救瀕臨時(shí)間和財(cái)力。（242-社會(huì)Atvarioustimesinthegeologicalpast,manyspecieshave extinctasaresultofnatural,ratherthanhuman,processes.Thus,thereisnojustificationforsocietytomakeextraordinaryefforts,especiallyatagreatcostinmoneyandjobs,tosaveendangeredspecies.Societiesshouldtrytosaveeveryntandanimalspecies,regardlessoftheexpensetoinefforttimeandThebombardmentofvisualimagesincontemporarysocietyhastheeffectofmakingpeoplelessabletofocusclearlyandextensivelyonasingleissueoveralongperiodoftime.ThemosteffectivewaytocommunicateanideaorvaluetolargegroupsofpeopleisthroughThesurestindicatorofagreatnationisnottheachievementsofitsrulers,s,orscientists,butthegeneralwelfareofallitsThemostessentialqualityofaneffectiveleaderistheabilitytoremainconsistentlycommittedtoparticularprinciplesandobjectives.AnyleaderwhoisquicklyandeasilyinfluencedbyshiftsinpopularopinionManyproblemsofmodernsocietycannotbesolvedbylawsandthelegalsystembecausemoralbehavior的是，或者違抗不公Therearetwotypesoflaws:justandunjust.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsand,evenmoreimportantly,todisobeyand3我們應(yīng)該把的錢用在目Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthantospenditonlong-termresearchthatmight教育、，掌權(quán)者都應(yīng)該在5年后。對任何事。Inanyprofession—business,politics,education, thoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Thesurestpathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnew8Itisprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroupsthatwedefineourselves.Lawsshouldnotberigidorfixed.Instead,theyshouldbeflexibleenoughtotakeaccountofvariouscircumstances,times,andLeadersarecreatedprimarilybythedemandsthatareceduponTheconceptof'individualresponsibility'isanecessaryfiction.Althoughsocietiesmustholdindividualsaccountablefortheirownactions,people'sbehaviorislargelydeterminedbysnotoftheirownmaking.種者和家都做不Scandals—whetherinpolitics,academia,orotherareas—canbeuseful.Theyfocusourattentionproblemsinwaysthatnospeakerorreformerevercould.4Whilesomeleadersinernment,sports,industry,andotherareasattributetheirsuccesstoawell-developedsenseofcompetition,asocietycanbetterprepareitsyoungpeopleforleadershipbyinstillinginthemasenseofTheonlyresponsibilityofcorporateexecutives,providedtheystaywithinthelaw,istomakeasmuchmoneyaspossiblefortheirTheincreasinglyrapidpaceoflifetodaycausesmoreproblemsthanit實(shí)際上這樣的生活了人Althoughmanypeoplethinkthattheluxuriesandconveniencesofcontemporarylifeareentirelyharmless,infact,theyactuallypreventpeoplefromdevelotrulystrongandindependentThewell-beingofasocietyisenhancedwhenmanyofitspeoplequestionauthority.社給予的外部不是Society'sexternalrewardsarenomeasureoftruesuccess.Truesuccesscanbemeasuredonlyinrelationtothegoalsonesetsfor Majordecisionsshouldalwaysbelefttopoliticiansand ernmentexperts,whoaremoreinformedandthushavebetterjudgmentandItisimpossibleforaneffectivepoliticalleadertoallthetime.CompletehonestyisnotausefulvirtueforaItisoftennecessary,evendesirable,forpoliticalleaderstowithholdinformationfromthe8的ernmentofficialsshouldrelyontheirownjudgmentratherthanunquestioninglycarryingoutthewillofthepeoplewhomtheyserve.ernmentfundingoftheartsthreatenstheintegrityofthe同，最有效力的政治者必須經(jīng)常向公眾讓步，Unlikegreatthinkersandgreats,themosteffectivepoliticalleadersmustoftentopublicopinionandabandonprincipleforthesakeofThegoalofpoliticsshouldnotbethepursuitofanideal,butthesearchforcommongroundandreasonableconsensus.一個(gè)要想成為一位有成效的者，必須有極高的和道德修養(yǎng)。Tobeaneffectiveleader,apublicofficialmustmaintainthehighestethicalandmoralstandardsernmentshouldpreservepubliclyownedwildernessareasintheirnaturalstate,eventhoughtheseareasareoftenextremelyremoteandthusaccessibletoonlyafewernmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive,becauseitisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepand5Anindividual'sgreatnesscannotbejudgedobjectivelybyhisorhercontemporaries;themostevaluatorsofa 'sgreatnessarepeoplewhobelongtoalater6Themosteffectivewaytounderstandcontemporarycultureistoyzethetrendsofitsyouth.歷史只我們一件事：了Historyteachesusonlyonething:knowingaboutthepastcannothelppeopletomakeimportantdecisionsThechiefbenefitofthestudyofhistoryistobreakdowntheillusionthatpeopleinoneoftimearesignificantlydifferentfrompeoplewholivedatanyotherMostpeoplewouldagreethatbuildingsrepresentavaluablerecordofanysociety'spast,butcontroversyariseswhenoldbuildingsstandongroundthatmodernnnersfeelcouldbebetterusedformodernpurposes.Insuchsituations,moderndevelopmentshouldbegivenprecedenceoverthepreservationofhistoricIfpeopledisregardthegreatworksofthepast,itisbecausetheseworksnolongeranswertheneedsofthepresent.9Aslongaspeopleinasocietyarehungryoroutofworkorlackthebasicskillsneededtosurvive,theuseofpublicresourcestosupporttheartsisinappropriate—and,perhaps,evencruel—whenoneconsidersallthepotentialusesofsuchmoney.Inorderforanyworkofart—whetherfilm,li sculpture,orasong—tohavemerit,itmustbeunderstandabletoernmentsshouldprovidefundingforssothattheartscanflourishandbeavailabletoall7在鋪天蓋地的年代，不可能樹立。任何人在媒Inthisageofintensivemediacoverage,itisnolongerpossibleforasocietytoregardanywomanormanasahero.ThereputationofanyonewhoissubjectedtomediascrutinywilleventuallybeAnationshouldrequireallofitsstudentstostudythesamenationalcurriculumuntiltheyentercollege.Anationshouldrequireallofitsstudentstostudythesamenationalcurriculumuntiltheyentercollege.Anationshouldrequireallofitsstudentstostudythesamenationalcurriculumuntiltheyentercollege.Anationshouldrequireallofitsstudentstostudythesamenationalcurriculumuntiltheyentercollege.Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequiretheirstudentstospendatleastonesemesterstudyinginaforeigncountry.Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequiretheirstudentstospendatleastonesemesterstudyinginaforeigncountry.Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequiretheirstudentstospendatleastonesemesterstudyinginaforeigncountry.Allcollegeanduniversitystudentswouldbenefitfromspendingatleastonesemesterstudyinginaforeigncountry.Allparentsshouldberequiredtovolunteertimetotheirchildren'sAllparentsshouldberequiredtovolunteertimetotheirchildren'sClaim:Collegesanduniversitiesshouldspecifyallrequiredcoursesandeliminateelectivecoursesinordertoprovideclearguidancefordirectionsratherthanmaketheirowndecisions.Collegestudentsshouldbasetheirchoiceofafieldofstudyontheavailabilityofjobsinthatfield.Collegestudentsshouldbasetheirchoiceofafieldofstudyontheavailabilityofjobsinthatfield.Collegestudentsshouldbeencouragedtopursuesubjectsthatinterestthemratherthanthecoursesthatseemmostlikelytoleadtojobs.fieldsofstudyinwhichjobsareplentiful.fieldsofstudyinwhichjobsareplentiful.fieldsofstudythatwillpreparethemforlucrativecareers.fieldsofstudythatwillpreparethemforlucrativecareers.Somepeoplebelievethatcollegestudentsshouldconsideronlytheirowntalentsandinterestswhenchoosingafieldofstudy.OthersbelievethatcollegestudentsshouldbasetheirchoiceofafieldofstudyontheavailabilityofjobsSomepeoplebelievethatuniversitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudy.Othersbelievethatuniversitiesshouldnotstudentstotakeanycoursesotherthanthosethatwillhelppreparethemforjobsintheirchosenfields.Claim:Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'smajorfieldofstudy.Reason:Acquiringknowledgeofvariousacademicdisciplinesisthebestwayto etrulyeducated.Requiringuniversitystudentstotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidetheirmajorfieldsofstudyisthebestwaytoensurethat etrulyUniversitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudy.Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudy.Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudent'sfieldofstudy.Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequireallfacultytospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach.Competitionforhighgradesseriouslylimitsthequalityoflearningatalllevelsofeducation.Somepeoplebelievethatcompetitionforhighgradesmotivatesstudentstoexcelintheclassroom.Othersbelievethatsuchcompetitionseriouslylimitsthepursuingfieldsofstudyinwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceed.pursuingfieldsofstudyinwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceed.inwhichtheyareunlikelytosucceed.Whenandsuggestionsoftheirstudents.Reason:Studentsaremoremotivatedtolearnwhentheyareinterestedinwhattheyarestudying.qualityqualityofrealEducatorsshouldfindoutwhatstudentswantincludedinthecurriculumandthenofferittothem.Educatorsshouldtakestudents'interestsintoaccountwhennningthecontentofthecoursestheyteach.Formaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritsratherthanset.Somepeoplebelievethatthepurposeofeducationistothemindandspirit.OthersbelievethatformaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritsratherthansetthembeenadmittedtoauniversitybutwhocannotaffordtheernmentsshouldoffercollegeanduniversityeducationofchargetoallLearningisprimarilyamatterofaldiscipline;studentscannotbemotivatedbyschoolorcollegealone.Societyshouldidentifythosechildrenwhohavespecialtalentsandprovidetrainingforthematanearlyagetodeveloptheirtalents.StudentsshouldalwaysquestionwhattheyaretaughtinsteadofacceptingitThebestwaytoteachistopraisepositiveactionsandignorenegativeThebestwaytoteachistopraisepositiveactionsandignorenegativeThebestwaytoteach—whetherasaneducator,employer,orparent—istopraisepositiveactionsandignorenegativeones.Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonot butmorecomplexandmysterious.Claim:Imaginationisamorevaluableassetthanexperience.Reason:Peoplewholackexperiencearetoimaginewhatispossiblewithouttheconstraintsofestablishedhabitsandattitudes.Inmostprofessionsandacademicfields,imaginationismoreimportantthanInmostprofessionsandacademicfields,imaginationismoreimportantthanClaim:Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfromthosewhoseviewscontradictourown.Reason:Disagreementcancausestressandinhibitlearning.Wecanlearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown.Wecanusuallylearnmuchmorefrompeoplewhoseviewswesharethanfrompeoplewhoseviewscontradictourown.Claim:Researchersshouldnotlimittheirinvestigationstoonlythoseareasinwhichtheyexpecttodiscoversomethingthathasanimmediate,practicalapplication.Reason:Itisimpossibletopredictthe eofalineofresearchwithanycertainty.Educatorsshouldbasetheirassessmentofstudents'learningnotonstudents'graspoffactsbutontheabilitytoexintheideas,trends,andconceptsthatthosefactsillustrate.Educatorsshouldteachfactsonlyaftertheirstudentshavestudiedtheideas,trends,andconceptsthathelpexinthosefacts.Inorderto ewell-roundedindividuals,allcollegestudentsshouldberequiredtotakecoursesinwhichtheyreadpoetry,novels,mythology,andothertypesofimaginativeliture.Nofieldofstudycanadvancesignificantlyunlessitincorporatesknowledgeandexperiencefromoutsidethatfield.Somepeoplebelievethatscientificdiscoverieshavegivenusamuchbetterunderstandingoftheworldaroundus.Othersbelievethatsciencehasrevealedtousthattheworldisinfiniymorecomplexthanweeverrealized.Althoughinnovationssuchas,computers,andtheInternetseemtoofferschoolsimprovedmethodsforinstructingstudents,thesealltoooftendistractfromreallearning.Aspeoplerelymoreandmoreontechnologytosolveproblems,theabilityofhumanstothinkforthemselveswillsurelydeteriorate.Somepeoplebelievethatourever-increasinguseoftechnologysignificantlyreducesouropportunitiesforhumaninction.Otherpeoplebelievethattechnologyprovidesuswithnewandbetterwaystocommunicateandconnectwithoneanother.Thehumanmindwillalwaysbesuperiortomachinesbecausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanminds.Theprimarygoaloftechnologicaladvancementshouldbetoincreasepeople'sefficiencysothattheyhavemoreleisuretime.Claim:Anypieceofinformationreferredtoasafactshouldbemistrusted,sinceitmaywellbeprovenfalseinthefuture.Reason:Muchoftheinformationthatpeopleassumeisfactualactuallyturnsouttobeinaccurate.Claim:Thebesttestofanargumentisitsabilitytoconvincesomeonewithanopposingviewpoint.Reason:OnlybybeingdtodefendanideaagainstthedoubtsandcontrastingviewsofothersdoesonereallydiscoverthevalueofInanysituation,progressrequiresdiscussionamongpeoplewhohavecontrastingpointsofview.ernmentsshouldnotfundanyscientificresearchwhoseconsequencesareernmentsshouldnotfundanyscientificresearchwhoseconsequencesareIfagoalisworthy,thenanymeanstakentoattainitareInanyfieldofinquiry,thebeginnerismorelikelythantheexperttomakeimportantcontributions.建議參加保分班，掃描下面QQ80+、90+、Peopleshouldundertakeriskyactiononlyaftertheyhavecarefullyconsidereditsconsequences.Itismoreharmfultocompromiseone'sownbeliefsthantoadheretoPeoplewhoarethemostdeeplycommittedtoanideaorarealsothemostcriticalofit.People'sattitudesaredeterminedmorebytheirimmediatesituationorsurroundingsthanbysocietyasawhole.Societyshouldmakeeffortstosaveendangeredspeciesonlyifthepotentialextinctionofthosespeciesistheresultofhumanactivities.Somepeoplebelievethatsocietyshouldtrytosaveeveryntandanimalspecies,despitetheexpensetohumansineffort,time,andfinancialwell-being.Othersbelievethatsocietyneednotmakeextraordinaryefforts,especiallyatagreatcostinmoneyandjobs,tosaveendangeredspecies.Thereislittlejustificationforsocietytomakeextraordinaryefforts—especiallyatagreatcostinmoneyandjobs—tosaveendangeredanimalorUnfortunay,incontemporarysociety,creatinganappealingimagehasemoreimportantthantherealityortruthbehindthatimage.Claim:Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisnottheachievementsofitsrulers,s,orscientists.Reason:ThesurestindicatorofagreatnationClaim:Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationmustbetheachievementsofitsrulers,s,orscientists.Reason:Greatachievementsbyanation'ss,orscientistswillensureagoodlifeforthemajorityofthatSomepeoplebelievethatinordertothrive,asocietymustputitsownoverallsuccessbeforethewell-beingofitsindividualcitizens.Othersbelievethatthewell-beingofasocietycanonlybemeasuredbythegeneralwelfareofallitsSomepeopleclaimthatyoucan lwhetheranationisgreatbylookingattheachievementsofitsrulers,indicatorofagreatnationis,infact,thegeneralwelfareofallitsThegeneralwelfareofanation'speopleisabetterindicationofthatnation'sgreatnessthanaretheachievementsofitsrulers,s,orscientists.Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisrepresentednotbytheachievementsofitsrulers,Theeffectivenessofacountry'sleadersisbestmeasuredbyexaminingthewell-beingofthatcountry'scitizens.actuallytheactuallythewelfareofallitsTheeffectivenessofacountry'sleadersisbestmeasuredbyexaminingthewell-beingofthatcountry'scitizens.Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisnottheachievementsofitsrulers,s,orscientists,butthegeneralwell-beingofallitspeople.Anyleaderwhoisquicklyandeasilyinfluencedbyshiftsinpopularopinionwillplishlittle.Claim:Manyproblemsofmodernsocietycannotbesolvedbylawsandthelegalsystem.Reason:Lawscannotchangewhatisinpeople'sheartsorminds.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsandtodisobeyandresistunjustlaws.ernmentsshouldfocusonsolvingtheimmediateproblemsoftodayratherthanontryingtosolvetheanticipatedproblemsofthefuture.berequiredtostepdownafterfiveyears.shouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Claim:Inanyfield—business,politics,education,ernment—thoseinpowershouldstepdownafterfiveyears.Reason:Thesurestpathtosuccessforanyenterpriseisrevitalizationthroughnewleadership.ItisprimarilythroughouridentificationwithsocialgroupsthatwedefineLawsshouldbeflexibleenoughtotakeaccountofvariouscircumstances,times,andces.LeadersarecreatedbythedemandsthatarecedonPeople'sbehaviorislargelydeterminedbysnotoftheirownPeople'sbehaviorislargelydeterminedbysnotoftheirownScandalsareusefulbecausetheyfocusourattentiononproblemsinwaysthatnospeakerorreformerevercould.Somepeoplearguethatsuccessfulleadersinernment,industry,orotherfieldsmustbehighlycompetitive.Otherpeopleclaimthatinordertobesuccessful,aleadermustbewillingandabletocooperatewithothers.ThebestwayforasocietytoprepareitsyoungpeopleforleadershipSomepeoplebelievethatcorporationshavearesponsibilitytopromotethewell-beingofthesocietiesandenvironmentsinwhichtheyoperate.Othersbelievethattheonlyresponsibilityofcorporations,providedtheyoperatewithinthelaw,istomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.TheincreasinglyrapidpaceoflifetodaycausesmoreproblemsthanitTheluxuriesandconveniencesofcontemporarylifepreventpeoplefromdeveloThewell-beingofasocietyisenhancedwhenmanyofitspeoplequestionTruesuccesscanbemeasuredprimarilyintermsofthegoalsonesetsforClaim:Majorernmentexperts.Reason:Politiciansandother moreinformedandthushavebetterjudgmentandmembersofthegeneralCriticaljudgmentofworkinanygivenfieldhaslittlevalueunlessitcomesfromsomeonewhoisanexpertinthatfield.Criticaljudgmentofworkinanygivenfieldhaslittlevalueunlessitcomesfromsomeonewhoisanexpertinthatfield.towithholdinformationfromthepublic.Othersbelievethatthepublichasarighttobefullyinformedernmentofficialsshouldrelyontheirownjudgmentratherthanunquestioninglycarryoutthewillofthepeopletheyserve.ernmentofficialsshouldrelyontheirownjudgmentratherthanunquestioninglycarryoutthewillofthepeoplewhomtheyserve.Somepeoplebelievethatinordertobeeffective,politicalleadersmustyieldtopublicopinionandabandonprincipleforthesakeofcompromise.Othersbelievethatthemostessentialqualityofaneffectiveleaderistheabilitytoremainconsistentlycommittedtoparticularprinciplesandobjectives.thanelusiveideals.Tobeaneffectiveleader,apublicofficialmustmaintainthehighestethicalandmoralstandards.Tobeaneffectiveleader,apublicofficialmustmaintainthehighestethicalandmoralstandards.Nationsshouldpasslawstopreserveanyremainingwildernessareasintheirnaturalstate,eveniftheseareascouldbedevelopedforeconomicgain.Nationsshouldpasslawstopreserveanyremainingwildernessareasintheirnaturalstate.Somepeopleclaimthatanation'sernmentshouldpreserveitsareasintheirnaturalstate.OthersarguethattheseareasshouldbedevelopedforpotentialeconomicgainClaim:ernmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive.Reason:Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepandgenerated.Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsaregeneratedandThegreatnessofindividualscanbedecidedonlybythosewholiveafterthem,notbytheircontemporaries.Themosteffectivewaytounderstandcontemporarycultureistoyzethetrendsofitsyouth.Claim:Knowingaboutthepastcannothelppeopletomakeimportanttoday.Reason:TheworldtodayissignificantlymorecomplexthanitwasevenintherelativelyrecentpastClaim:Knowingaboutthepastcannothelppeopletomakeimportantdecisionstoday.Reason:Wearenotabletomakeconnectionsbetweencurrenteventsandpasteventsuntilwehavesomedistancefromboth.KnowingaboutthepastcannothelppeopletomakeimportantdecisionsSomepeoplebelievethaternmentofficialsmustcarryoutthewillofpeopletheyserve.OthersbelievethatofficialsshouldbasetheirdecisionsontheirownjudgmentThemainbenefitofthestudyofhistoryistodispeltheillusionthatpeoplelivingnowaresignificantlydifferentfrompeoplewholivedinearlierWhenoldbuildingsstandongroundthatmodernnnersfeelcouldbebetterusedformodernpurposes,moderndevelopmentshouldbegivenprecedenceoverthepreservationofhistoricbuildings.Inanyfieldofendeavor,itisimpossibletomakeasignificantcontributionwithoutfirstbeingstronglyinfluencedbypastachievementswithinthatfield.Claim:Nationsshouldsuspendernmentfundingfortheartswhensignificantnumbersoftheircitizensarehungryorunemployed.Reason:Itisinappropriate—and,perhaps,evencruel—tousepublicresourcestofundtheartswhenpeople'sbasicneedsarenotbeingmet.Nationsshouldsuspendernmentfundingfortheartswhensignificantnumbersoftheircitizensarehungryorunemployed.Inorderforanyworkofart—forexample,afilm,anovel,apoem,orasong—tohavemerit,itmustbeunderstandabletomostpeople.Somepeoplebelievethaternmentfundingoftheartsisnecessarytoensurethattheartscanflourishandbeavailabletoallpeople.Othersbelieve ernmentfundingoftheartsthreatenstheintegrityofthearts.Claim:Itisnolongerpossibleforasocietyto