冬瓜供貨叫獸出品冬瓜供貨叫獸出品單詞15’’ferrousmetals黑色金屬nonferrousmetals有色金屬hardnessn.硬度foundryn.鑄造（車間，廠）copper-basealloys銅基合金pressn.壓力機v.壓鍛sizingoperations精鍛工藝；精加工furnacen.（熔，煉，高）爐pyrometern.高溫計solderv.軟釬焊meltingpoint熔點electroden.電（焊）極machiningn.切削加工grindingn.磨削加工annealingn.退火quench門吊淬火temperingn.回火modulusofelasticity彈性模量lowcarbonsteel低碳鋼high-speedsteel高碳鋼meshv.嚙合；配合right-handthreads右旋螺紋pitchn.節［螺，齒］距leadn.導程rackn.齒條；導軌followern.從動件slippagen.滑動；打滑criticaln.臨界點adj.批評的screwn.螺釘studn.螺栓nutn.螺母n.堅果；核心connectingrod連桿couplingn.聯軸器lubricantn.潤滑劑，a.潤滑的leadscrew導桿；絲桿kineticenergy動能frictionn.摩擦（力）hingen.鉸鏈washern墊圈［片］spacern.墊圈，墊片finish工表面粗糙度twistdrills麻花鉆rakeangle前角swarfn.金屬屑built-up-edge切削瘤tolerancen.公差；容差torquen.扭矩chipn.切屑roughingoperation粗加工finishingoperation精加工inertian.慣性（物）；慣量linkagen.連桿（組、機構）簡答軸承種類：sliding-contactbearings滑動軸承rolling-contactbearings滾動軸承angular-contactbearings角接觸球軸承groove-ballbearings深溝球軸承CAD:Computer-aideddesignCAM:Computer-aidedmanufacturingCNC:ComputerisedNumericalControlDNC:DirectNumericalControl兩類金屬：simplemetalsalloys鑄造工藝步驟：foundryprocessesFoundryprocessesconsistof①makingmolds,②preparingandmeltingthemetal,③pouringthemetalintothemolds,and④cleaningthecastings.喝恁潤屬釤瘞歌櫪廡賴。軟釬焊工藝：solderingprocessesSolderingistheprocessofjoiningtwometalsbyathirdmetaltobeappliedinthemolten(adj,融化的)state.一溝,:愛氌譴凈。軟焊是要用溶融狀態的第三種金屬來使兩件金屬連接在一起的工藝。材料力學特性定義：Thedefineofmaterialsmechanicalproperties殘騖樓靜錈源湃溆塑箱。Someimportantmechanicalpropertiesofmaterialsare:釅錒極額朗鎮檜豬^錐。Strength強度(intension,compression,shearandbending)彈貿攝爾霽斃撰磚鹵廡。Stiffness剛度Ductillty延展性Impactstrength沖擊強度hardness硬度Toughness韌度齒輪種類：gearsSpurGear直齒輪HelicalGear斜齒輪straightbevel直齒錐齒輪皮帶傳動是否精確？為什么SmoothflatbeltsandVbeltsdependonfrictiononthepulleysandsomeslippageisinherentintheiroperation.Therefore,speedratiosarenotprecise.^蕎摶篋飆舞懟類蔣薔。列舉幾種機械零件：mechanicalpartskey鍵spring彈簧shaft軸screw螺釘cam凸輪coupling聯軸器clutch離合器worm蝸桿wormgear蝸輪鍵的類型：squarekey方鍵taperedkey錐形鍵woodruffkey半圓鍵歹U舉磨床：grindermachinescuttergrinder工具磨床surfacegrinder平面磨床internalgrinder內圓磨床externalgrinder外圓磨床切削-各種切削方法：cuttingoperationturning車削milling銑削drilling鉆孔grinding磨削boring鏜孔刀具磨損類型：flankwear后刀面磨損craterwear前刀面磨損notchwearV形凹口磨損CAD,CAM主要功能種類：majorcategoriesTheexpertsgroupCADfunctionsintofourmajorcategories：廈礴懇蹣駢畤翥繼僵騷。Geometricmodeling幾何建模Engineeringanalysis工程分析Kinematics運動分析Automateddrafting自動化繪制CAMtechnologyalsocentersaroundfourmajorareasofcategories:煢楨廣鰳—選塊網踴淚。Numericalcontrol數字控制Processplanning工藝加工過程Robotics機器人技術Factorymanagement工廠管理車床的主要部分：headstock主軸箱tailstock尾座tool-post刀架它由支承著床身和壓頭(ram)的底座(machineframe),動力電源和使壓頭垂直于床身(atrightanglestothebed)并作直線運動的機構(mechanism)組成：Itconsistsofamachineframesupportingabedandaram,asourceofpower,andamechanismtocausetheramtomoveinlinewithandatrightanglestothebed.籍叢媽.為贍僨蟶練浮。漢一英把金屬件連接在一起的方法有很多，用哪一種方法要根據金屬的種類和要連接的焊件的種類來定：Thereareanumberofmethodsofjoiningmetalarticlestogether,dependingonthetypeofmetalandthestrengthofthejointwhichisrequired.頸公真圣金玄.蕨齦訝驊糴。力學性能是材料對所施加外力的反應特性：Mechanicalpropertiesarethecharacteristicresponsesofamaterialtoappliedforces.滲彭嗆儼勻諤?調一帛。■■^^^^^^^^^■^^^^^^■I^^^^^^H深溝球軸承滾道深度大約是滾珠直徑的1/4：Indeep-grooveballbearings,theracesareapproximatelyonefourthasdeepastheballdiameter.鐃一卜瀉.圣騁貺一。常常用于冷作加工的機器稱作壓力機：Themachineusedformostcold-workingoperationsisknownasapress.挑冬帝鳳襪備..^輪爛薔。英一中段落翻譯車，磨，刨，銑表面加工目的，方法：lathe車床millingmachine銑床shaper牛頭刨床planer龍門刨床grindingmachine磨床Thelatheisoneofthemostusefulandversatilemachineintheworkshop,.臧熟俁閫羲匱閶鄴鎵車床是車間里最有用、最通用的機床之一。andiscapableofcarryingoutawidevarietyofmachiningoperations.壇搏鄉罩懺蔞鍥鈴覲波它能進行多種機械加工作業。Themaincomponentsofthelathearetheheadstockandtailstockatoppositeendsofabed,蠟燮—鉉錨.贅。車床的主要部件是主軸箱、尾座和刀架。主軸箱與尾座位于床身的兩端；andatool-post刀架betweenthemwhichholdsthecuttingtool.^鯛—揩曇庸遙閆擷凄。用于夾持刀具的刀架置于主軸箱與尾座之間。Thetool-poststandsonacross-slide中拖板whichenablesittomovesidewardsacrossthesaddle床鞍orcarriageaswellasalongitdependingonthekindofjobitisdoing.余麥鏑蜩^^鶘蹤韋轔.IIIIIIIIIIHHIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIHIMIIIHII刀架安裝在中拖板上，根據加工的種類，中拖板使刀架既能作橫向運動，又能與床鞍一起作縱向運動。Theordinarycenterlathecanaccommodateonlyonetoolatatimeonthetool-post,,^躓震彥浹綏言—錦。普通頂尖車床在刀架上一次只能安裝一把刀具，butaturretlathe轉塔車床iscapableofholdingfiveormoretoolsontherevolvingturret.貓蠆―誅髏.廡。而在轉塔車床的轉塔刀架上可同時夾持五把或更多的刀具。Thelathebedmustbeverysolidtopreventthemachinefrombendingortwistingunderstress.鍬籟饕逕瑣肇禊鷗婭薔。車床床身必須非常堅固，以防在應力作用下產生彎曲或扭轉變形。Theheadstockincorporatesthedrivingandgearmechanism,橫氽元直黌碩飩薺齦話騖主軸箱內有驅動裝置與齒輪機構，andaspindle主軸whichholdstheworkpiece工件andcausesittorotateataspeedwhichdependslargelyonthediameteroftheworkpiece.輒嶧隨槿籪癤幺:偎臚澩以及夾持工件并使其旋轉的主軸。工件轉速很大程度上取決于工件的直徑。Abaroflargediametershouldnaturallyrotatemoreslowlythanaverythinbar;堯側力藕絳^絢—。直徑大的棒料自然應比直徑很小的棒料轉得慢，thecuttingspeedofthetooliswhatmatters.這與刀具切割速度有很大關系。Tapered帶錐度的center頂尖inthehollownoseofthespindle空心主軸andofthetail-stockholdtheworkfirmlybetweenthem.識.諼金昆縊—竟—儼凄裝在空心主軸和尾座軸前端的帶錐度的頂尖，把工件牢固地夾在它們之間。Afeed-shaft光杠fromtheheadstockdrivesthetool-postalongthesaddle,濂—勞月葭鍇癇女帚脛糴。由主軸箱帶動的光杠驅動刀架，eitherforwardsorbackwards,atafixedanduniformspeed.耳心—滅縈歡蜴聾鶩金帛以固定且均勻的速度與床鞍一起來回運動。Thisenablestheoperatortomakeaccuratecutsandtogivetheworkagoodfinish.?鯊胃輸詘.御溈］瞿咨充摩。這使操作者能精確地切削，且使工件得到良好的表面光潔度。Gearsbetweenthespindleandthefeed-shaftcontrolthespeedofrotationoftheshaft,碩一頏謅蘞。主軸和光杠之間的齒輪控制著光杠的轉速，andthereforetheforwardorbackwardmovementofthetool-post.閿擻?^^遷擇.秘麓。因而控制了刀架的進退。Thegearwhichtheoperatorwillselectdependsonthetypeofmetalwhichheiscuttingandtheamountofmetalhehastocutoff.一嚕—富貿艮彈濾頷果。操作員根據所切金屬的種類和要切除的量來選配齒輪。Foradeeporroughingcuttheforwardmovementofthetool走刀速度shouldbelessthanforafinishingcut..鵒資贏隼^孫滋.幣贅。深切或粗切時的走刀速度應比精切時的低。Centresarenotsuitableforeveryjobonthelathe.慫闡^簸逕醇嘯重晨涼車床頂尖并非對每種工件都適用。Theoperatorcanreplacethembyvarioustypesofchucks卡盤，諺辭^擔^諂動律瀉類直根據工件的形狀和特定的切削操作，whichholdtheworkbetweenjaws卡爪,orbyafront-plate花盤,dependingontheshapeoftheworkandtheparticularcuttingoperation.啜覲］圭縲鐋囁俱幺屯鉿錈操作者可用以卡爪夾持工件的卡盤或用花盤來取代頂尖。Hewilluseachuck,forexample,toholdashortpieceofwork,樊紿^鉦—鷹輜檄庫例如，操作者可以用一個卡盤夾持一個短工件，orworkfordrilling,boringorscrew-cutting.或需要鉆孔、鏜孔及車螺紋的工件。Atransversemovement橫向移動ofthetool-post刀架acrossthesaddleenablesthetooltocutacrossthefaceoftheworkpieceandgiveitaflatsurface.一漬蟆俾閱.鯫胃暹蔽刀架在床鞍上的橫向運動，使刀具能夠橫切工件的端面使其成為平面。Forscrewcutting,theoperatorengagest