第1部分：詞匯選項（第1?15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.acceptSheshowedanaturalaptitudeforthework.A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.tasteMostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destinyTheorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensibleTheywerelockedinmortalcombat.A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.activeWewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.A.amountB.supplyC.temptD.sumTheprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandlesstransparent.A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.correctTheStockExchangeisinturmoilfollowingahugewaveofselling.ServicedangerdisorderthreatHebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwillperish.survivelastdiemoveTherewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.fairfullC.coexistingD.publicTheypromoteassimilationofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.policyvalueC.equalityD.integrationAsalesmancardinalruleistosatisfycustomers.principalofficialsimplelegalImustcomplimentyouonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituationsilencepraiseC.assureD.complainWelivedforyearsinaperpetualstateoffearemotionalnervousterribleContinuousThestarvingchildrenwereapatheticmonunexpectedunforgettablepitiful第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16?22題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarthScientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn,tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth,ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?Well,itseemstheairwasn,tsogreatthen,afterall.InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth,satmospherecouldn,thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology."We'reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium(Cr)isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth'scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.Oxygen,sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday,sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”“There,salotofinterestrightnowinabroaderdiscussionsurroundingtherolethatenvironmentalstabilityplayedintheevolutionofcomplexlife,andwethinkourresultsareasignificantcontributiontothat,”Reinhardsaid.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.RightWrongNotmentionedManyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.RightWrongNotmentionedTheteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.RightWrongNotmentionedGeneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.RightWrongNotmentionedThesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth,scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedTimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項測試任務：（1）第23-26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2?5段每段選擇1個最佳標題；（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。FirstImage-recognitionSoftware.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore..Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（運算法則）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo-ratherthanjusttext-tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（圖片說明）,makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.."Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch.".Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（語義的）informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries查詢）onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.Paragraph1—Paragraph2—Paragraph3—Paragraph4—FunctionofthenewsystemImprovementindocumentretrievalPublicationofthenewdiscoveryProblemsoftheexistingsearchenginesE.PopularityofthenewsystemArtificialintelligencesoftwarecreatedThenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin—.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore—ThenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthantheusingphotosdescriptionoftheHTMLpagecurrentpopularsearchenginesdocumentsearchinformationinimagesmachinevisionsystems第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-FluIFasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespreaduseofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakisaquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefromtheirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsiderwearingthemincertainsituationsanyway,justincase.Butit,saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentaremakingpreparationsforthenextflupandemiSotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines.“Wedon,twantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere,”saidtheCDC.“Theoverallrecommendationreallyistoavoidexposure.”Whenthat,snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimplesurgicalmaskifyouareinoneofthethreefollowingsituations.First,you,rehealthyandcan,tavoidgoingtoacrowdedplace.Secondtyou,resickandthinkyoumayhaveclosecontactwiththehealthy,suchasafamilymembercheckingonyou.Third,youlivewithsomeonewho,ssickandthusmightbeintheearlystagesofinfection,butstillneedtogoout.Influenzapandemicscanstrikewhentheeasy-to-mutatefluvirusshiftstoastrainthatpeopleneverhaveexperienceScientistscannotpredictwhenthenextpandemicwillarrive,althoughconcernisrisingthattheAsianbirdflumighttriggeroneifitstartsspreadingeasilyfrompersontoperson.Duringtheflupandemic,youshouldprotectyourself.Avoidcrowds,andavoidclosecontactwiththesickunlessyoumustcareforsomeone.Whyaren'tmasksaddedtothisself-protectionlist?Becausetheycanhelptrapvirus-ladendropletsflyingthroughtheairwithacoughorsneeze.Simplesurgicalmasksonlyfilterthelargerdroplets.Besides,theCDCisafraidmasksmaycreateafalsesenseofsecurity.Perhapssomeonewhoshouldhavestayedhomewoulddonanill-fittingmaskandhoponthesubwayinstead.Nordoesfluonlyspreadthroughtheair.Saysomeonecoversasneezewithhisorherhand,thentouchesadoorknoborsubwaypole.Ifyoutouchthatspotnextandthenputgermyhandsonyournoseormouth,you,vebeenexposeD.It,shardertorubyournosewhilewearingamaskandsoyourfacemaygetprettysweatyundermasks.Youreachundertowipethatsweat,andmaytransfergermscaughtontheoutsideofthemaskstraighttothenose.Thesearetheproblemsfacemasksmaycreatefortheirusers.Whetherpeopleshouldorshouldnotusefacemasksstillremainsaquestion.Thegeneralpublichastowaitpatientlyfortheresultsofthemaskresearchscientistsarestilldoing.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Widespreaduseoffacemasks.PossibilityofaworldwidefluoutbreakNewdiscoveriesofafacemaskresearch.EffectivenessofwearingfacemasksTheCDCsuggeststhatpeoplestayalonewhenbeingsick.wearfacemaskswhengoingtoacrowdedplace.wearfacemaskswhereverpossible.remainathomeiflivingwithsomeonewho,ssick.Theword"that"inParagraph3referstomakingpreparations.avoidingexposurecomingupwithguidelines.wearingfacemaskseverywhere.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Scientistswarnthenextfluiscomingsoon.Asianbirdfluisspreadingeasilyfrompersontoperson.Masksprotectpeoplebecausetheykeepvirusesaway.Masksarenoteffectiveifaflustrikes.OneoftheconcernstheCDChasisthatA.masksmaygivepeopleawrongassumptionofbeingsafe.thesickmaynotwearmasksandgoout.fluvirusmayspreadviapublictransportation.healthypeoplemaynotknowhowtoprotectthemselves.第二篇What’skillingtheBatsFirstitwasbees.Nowitisbats.BiologistsinAmericaareworkinghardtodiscoverthecauseofthemysteriousdeathsoftensofthousandsofbatsinthenortheasternpartofthecountry.Mostofthebatsaffectedarethecommonlittlebrownbats（Myotislucifugus,）butotherspecies,suchasthelong-earedbat,thesmall-footedhat,theeasternpipistrelle,andtheIndianabathavealsobeenaffecteD.Insomecaves,morethan90percentofthebatpopulationshavedied.Onepossibilityisdisease.Awhitefungus（真菌）knownasfusariumhasbeenfoundonthenosesofbothlivinganddeadbats.However,scientistsdon'tknowIfthefungusistheprimarycauseofdeath,asecondarycauseofdeath,ornotacauseatall,buttheresultofsomeotherconditions.AnotherpossiblecauseisalackoffooD.Forexample,batstypicallyeatalargenumberofmoths（蛾），andinsomestatessuchasNewYork,thenumberofmothshasbeendeclininginrecentyears.Ifbatscan'teatenoughfood,thstarvetodeath.Stillotherscientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingistoblame.Warmertemperaturesinrecentyearshavebeenwakinguphibernating（冬眠）batsearlierthanusual.Ifbatsbreaktheirhibernationatthewrongtime,theymightnotfindtheirexpectedfoodsources.Theweathermightalsoturncoldagainandweakenorkillthebats.Scientistsmightnotagreeonthecausesofthebatdie-off,buttheydoagreeontheconsequences.Batsareanimportantpredatorofmosquitoes;asinglebrownbatcaneat1,000ormoreinsectsinanhour.Theyalsoeatbeetlesandotherinsectsthatdamageplantcrops.Iftherearen'tenoughbats,damagewillbegreatfromtheinsectstheyeatWhilebatslivealongtimefortheirsize——thelittlebrownbatcanliveformorethan30years一afemalebathasonlyonebabyperyear,sobatpopulationsgrowslowly.ManybatspeciesintheUnitedStatesarealreadyprotectedorendangered.Howcanyouhelp?Donotdisturbsleepingornestingbats.Ifyoudiscoverbatethatseemtobesickorthataredead,contactyourlocalFish&WildlifeDepartmentwiththedetails.However,becarefulnottotouchtheanimals.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.AllspeciesofbatsinNorthAmericaaredying.ScientistsalreadyknowthecauseofthedeathsofbatsC.Thebatdeathsareaseriousproblem.D.Therearemanypossiblecausesofthedeathsofbats.WhatdoesthefirstsentenceinParagraph1mean?Beeshavebeendyingmysteriously.Thefirstarticleonthewebsiteisaboutbees.Beesusuallydiebeforebats.Itwasbeesthatcausedthedeathsofbats.Theword“pipistrelle"inParagraph1referstoA.akindoffungus.anareaintheU.S.aspecialcave.akindofbat.The"moths"inParagraph3aretakenasanexampleofA.diseasesthatkillbats.Insectsthatbatseat.animalsthathavediseases.batspeciesthatarestarvingtodeath.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?Togetpeopletostopkillingbats.TohireworkersfortheFish&WildlifeDepartment.Toaskpeoplenottotouchdeadbats.Totellthepublichowtohelpbats.第三篇BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLightSolarphotovoltaicthermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,butuntilnowtheyhaven,tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolarthermalcollector.That,sbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocoolcrystallinesiliconsdarcells,whichletsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn,taveryefficientwaytogatherheat.That,saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergythanasolar-electricsystematasubstantiallylowercost.Andit,salsoaspaceproblem：photovoltaiccellscantakeupallthespaceontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications.Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceandengineering,hasdevisedasolutionintheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.HisresearchcollaboratorsareKunalGirotrafromThinSiliconinCaliforniaandMichaelPathakandStephenHarrisonfromQueen,sUniversity,Canada.Mostsolarpanelsaremadewithcrystallinesilicon,butyoucanalsomakesolarcellsoutofamorphoussilicon,commonlyknownasthin-filmsilicon.Theydon,tcreateasmuchelectricity,buttheyarelighter,flexible,andcheaper.And,becausetheyrequiremuchlesssilicon,theyhaveagreenerfootprint.Unfortunately,thin-filmsiliconsolarcellsarevulnerabletosomebad-newsphysicsintheformoftheStaebler-Wronskieffect.“Thatmeansthattheirefficiencydropswhenyouexposethemtolight-prettymuchtheworstpossibleeffectforasolarcell,”Pearceexplains,whichisoneofthereasonsthin-filmsolarpanelsmakeuponlyasmallfractionofthemarket.However,PearceandhisteamfoundawaytoengineeraroundtheStaebler-Wronskieffectbyincorporatingthin-filmsiliconinanewtypeofPVT.Youdon,thavetocooldownthin-filmsilicontomakeitwork.Infact,Pearce,sgroupdiscoveredthatbyheatingittosolar-thermaloperatingtemperatures,neartheboilingpointofwater,theycouldmakethickercellsthatlargelyovercametheStaebler-Wronskieffect.Whentheyappliedthethin-filmsilicondirectlytoasolarthermalenergycollector,theyalsofoundthatbybakingthecellonceaday,theyboostedthesolarcell,selectricalefficiencybyover10percent.PVTsarenotefficientincreatingelectricity.coolingsiliconsolarcells.generatingheat.poweringsolarthermalcollectors.OneoftheproblemsPVTshaveisthattheirthermalapplicationsarecostly.theyaretooexpensivetoafford.theyoccupytoomuchspace.itishardtofixthemontheroof.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasanadvantageofthin-filmsiliconsolarcells?Theyareelectricallyefficient.Theyarelessexpensive.Theyareflexible.Theyareenvironmentfriendly.Thin-filmsolarpanelsdonotsellwellonmarketbecausetheiradvantagesarenotwell-recognized.theydonotworkwellifexposedtolight.theyneedimprovinginappearance.theyarenotadvertised.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?Thin-filmsilicon'selectricalefficiencyimproveswhenheatedup.Newtechniqueshavebeendevelopedtoproducethin-filmsilicon.Thin-filmsiliconworksefficientlyatlowtemperature.AnewmaterialenlargingtheStaebler-WronsKieffecthasbeencreated.第5部分：補全短文(第46?50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。GorillashaveawordforitKokoisthefirstgorillatohavebeentaughtsignlanguage(awayofcommunicatingbyusinghandsandfingersratherthanspeech).Withavocabularyofmorethan1000words,sheisthefirsttoproveweshareaworldwithotherintelligentbeingswhofeelemotions,lookforwardtocelebrationsandalsohaveasenseofhumour.The30-yearstudyofKokohasredefinedscience'sconceptofgorillaintelligence.46.Accordingtosomescientists,geneticallythereisonlya2%differencebetweengorillasandhumans:wesharethesamebloodtype,havethesamenumberofhairspersquareinchandalsothesametemperament.Butwhathadnotbeenrecognisedbythescientificcommunitywasthatgorillashavetheabilitytolearnalanguageandhavecomplexemotions.KokolivesintheSantaCruzmountainsinNorthAmerica,inawoodedspotoverlookingavalley.47.Shehasherownhome,withcurtains,andanestofblankets,whichisherbed,inonecorner.Shehasabarrelonwhichshelikestositwhen'talking'tohumans-gorillasfeelmoresecurewhentheycanlookdownonothers-whilehertoysarespreadeverywhere.Inadditionshehasanoutsideenclosurewhereshespendsherdayswhenitisnotraining.Itisherconversationswithherteacher,DrPennyPatterson,thatareinspiring.Pennyexplains:’Therealityofmydiscoveryisthatourabilitiesaslshufflasibilities'andiemotionsareverysimilartothegreatapes.48.Whatwehavelearntisthatgorillasaremorecomplexthanweeverimagined.WhenshebeganteachingKokosignlanguage,placingthelittlefingersoftheone-year-oldgorillaintothecorrectpositionsfor'drink','eat','more',andrewardingherwithfood,DrPattersonhadnoideahowquicklyKokowouldlearn.“Atfirst,itseemedKokowasusingsignlanguageasatooltogetsomething,”saysPatterson.'Itbecamethekindofrewardsystemthatyoucouldexpectofacatoradog.Butearlyinhertraining,shebegantocombinesignsthatmademethinkshewascapableofmore.,49.NowKokoissoproficientinsignlanguagethatifshedoesn'tknowawordsheinventsone.Forexample,shedidn'tknowthewordfor'ring',soshecombinedthesignsfor‘finger,and'bracelet'toexpressit.DrPattersoncontinues:‘Kokolovesbabiesandyoungpeople.Andwhensheisaskedwhatgorillaslikebest,shealwayssays"Gorillaloveeat,good''.'OneofPatterson'sfavouritestoriesdemonstratesKoko'ssenseofhumour.50.Whenavisitoraskedhertoshowhimsomethingscary,sheheldupamirrortohisface!Fromtheageofthree,KokosharedheraccommodationwithMichaelwhowasintendedasamate.However,Michaeldiedsuddenlytwoyearsagoofaheartattack.‘KokowentintoadepressionfollowingMichael'sdeath,,saysPatterson.“Shewouldsitforhourswithherheadhunglowlookingupset.”DrPattersonaskedherifshewaslookingforwardtomovingtoHawaii,wherePattersonisraisingmoneytobuildagorillarefuge.Kokosigned“Yes”,providedshecouldhavecurtainsinhernewhome!Whenavisitoraskedhertoshowhimsomethingscary,sheheldupamirrortohisface!?Accordingtosomescientists,geneticallythereisonlya2%differencebetweengorillasandhumans:wesharethesamebloodtype,havethesamenumberofhairspersquareinchandalsothesametemperament.Shehasherownhome,withcurtains,andanestofblankets,whichisherbed,inonecorner.Whatwehavelearntisthatgorillasaremorecomplexthanweeverimagined.NowKokoissoproficientinsignlanguagethatifshedoesn'tknowawordsheinventsone.第6部分：完型填空（第51?65題，每題1分，共15分）下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。RoboticHighwayConesAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticconesandbarrels.Theseroboticconesandba