試驗二、鞏固Java基礎一、試驗目標1）鞏固Java語言進行結構化程序設計基本概念。2）鞏固Java語言進行面向對象程序設計基本概念。3）能夠應用面向對象程序設計思想處理實際問題。二、試驗內容1）創建學生類Student來完成下面問題。（1）創建類Student，包含屬性學號no、姓名name和年紀age，且都是private類型；（2）申明一個結構方法，以初始化對象全部域；（3）申明取得各屬性（學號、姓名和年紀）各個方法；（4）申明設置各屬性（學號、姓名和年紀）各個方法；（5）申明一個public型toString方法，將該類全部域信息組合成一個字符串；（6）申明統計創建Student對象個數組員變量count和得到Student對象個數方法。在主類中使用Student類創建兩個Student對象，輸出對象全部域信息；修改其姓名和年紀，并顯示。publicclassStudent{

//無參結構函數

publicStudent(){}

//有參結構函數

publicStudent(Stringno,Stringname,intage){

this.no=no;

this.age=age;

=name;

}

privateStringno; //學號

privateStringname;//名稱

privateintage; //年紀

publicStringgetNo(){

returnno;

}

publicvoidsetNo(Stringno){

this.no=no;

}

publicStringgetName(){

returnname;

}

publicvoidsetName(Stringname){

=name;

}

publicintgetAge(){

returnage;

}

publicvoidsetAge(intage){

this.age=age;

}

//-----------------------------Set跟Get方法end------------------

//重寫toString方法

@Override

publicStringtoString(){

return"我名字叫：".concat(name).concat("，學號是：").concat(no).concat("，今年").concat(age+"歲了！");

}

//程序入口

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

//學生對象1

stu=newStudent("00001","小明",18);

System.out.println(stu.toString());

//學生對象2

stu=newStudent("00002","小花",22);

System.out.println(stu.toString());

}

}三、需求分析該計算器程序除了具備加減乘除基本功效外還有重置功效ce，程序里面實現了事件監聽接口，該程序只能實現一些基本加減乘除運算。計算器基本功效：1、加法運算：用數字按鈕和“+”按鈕進行運算；2、減法運算：用數字按鈕和“-”按鈕進行運算；3、乘法運算：用數字按鈕和“*”按鈕進行運算；4、除法運算：用數字按鈕和“/”按鈕進行運算；5、開根運算：用數字按鈕和“sqrt”按鈕進行運算；6、返回上一級鍵實現；7、清零鍵C按鈕實現。四、系統設計功效函數說明actionPerformed將每個組件都添加事件響應。詳細事件響應操作將在其余類中逐一實現。jbInit()對程序進行初始化并設置大小，名字，布局方式handleReset()類實現C、CE、backspace按鈕復位操作handleNumber()字符串輸入控制類完成簡單計算器設計與實現。圖形界面以下列圖所表示：系統界面以下列圖所表示五、源程序運行正常，能夠實現計算器“+”“—”“*”“/”等運算功效。/*一個計算器，與Windows附件自帶計算器標準版功效、界面相仿。但還不支持鍵盤操作。*/packagesy;importjava.awt.*;importjavax.swing.*;importjava.awt.event.*;importjava.io.*;//創建Calculate類繼承swing包里JFrame類用于顯示界面里標簽、按鈕和文本字段publicclassCalculateextendsJFrame{privateStringfront="",behind="";//分別用于統計加減乘除運算符之前之后輸入內容privateStringop;//用于統計運算符privateStringre;//用于存放運算結果字符串格式privatebooleanflag=false;//用于統計是否按下了運算符privatebooleanflag1=false;//用于判斷是否輸入了點運算符privatedoubleresult;//用于存放運算結果privatebooleanflag2=false;//用于判斷是否輸入了數字privatebooleanflag3=false;//用于判斷是否按下了等號運算符//swing包中對窗體中具備相同邏輯功效組件進行組合類JPanelcontentPane;/**計算器上鍵顯示名字創建對象并實例化*/JTextFieldtxtResult=newJTextField("0");JButtonbtnNull=newJButton("sqrt");//新建一個按鈕顯示為sqrtJButtonbtnFour=newJButton("4");//新建一個按鈕顯示為4JButtonbtnFive=newJButton("5");//新建一個按鈕顯示為5JButtonbtnSix=newJButton("6");//新建一個按鈕顯示為6JButtonbtnDecrease=newJButton("-");//新建一個按鈕顯示為-JButtonbtnBegin=newJButton("C");//新建一個按鈕顯示為cJButtonbtnOne=newJButton("1");//新建一個按鈕顯示為1JButtonbtnTwo=newJButton("2");//新建一個按鈕顯示為2JButtonbtnThree=newJButton("3");//新建一個按鈕顯示為3JButtonbtnMultiply=newJButton("*");//新建一個按鈕顯示為*JButtonbtnCancel=newJButton("←");//新建一個按鈕顯示為←JButtonbtnZero=newJButton("0");//新建一個按鈕顯示為0JButtonbtnMinus=newJButton("+/-");//新建一個按鈕顯示為+/-JButtonbtnPoint=newJButton(".");//新建一個按鈕顯示為.JButtonbtnDivide=newJButton("/");//新建一個按鈕顯示為/JButtonbtnEqual=newJButton("=");//新建一個按鈕顯示為=JButtonbtnIncrease=newJButton("+");//新建一個按鈕顯示為+JButtonbtnSeven=newJButton("7");//新建一個按鈕顯示為7JButtonbtnEight=newJButton("8");//新建一個按鈕顯示為8JButtonbtnNine=newJButton("9");//新建一個按鈕顯示為9//用try，catch拋犯錯誤，監視全部又可能發生異常代碼publicCalculate(){try{setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//用戶單擊窗口關閉按鈕時程序執行操作jbInit();}catch(Exceptionexception){exception.printStackTrace();}}//建立一個私有jbinit類對程序進行初始化并設置大小，名字，布局方式privatevoidjbInit()throwsException{contentPane=(JPanel)getContentPane();contentPane.setLayout(null);//設置布局方式null就是默認為流式布局this.setResizable(false);//窗口大小不可改變setSize(newDimension(400,300));//設置大小位置在屏幕(400,300)坐標處顯示計算setTitle("計算器");//設置標題txtResult.setEnabled(false);//設置控件是否可用txtResult.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));txtResult.setEditable(false);//不允許修改結果文本框txtResult.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);//文本框內容右對齊txtResult.setBounds(newRectangle(33,19,310,34));//自己制訂位置坐標長寬（33,39）31034btnNull.setBounds(newRectangle(298,70,46,37));btnNull.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,12));//設置字體//btnNull.addActionListener(newFrameCalculate_btnNull_actionAdapter(this);btnFour.setBounds(newRectangle(33,120,46,37));btnFour.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnFive.setBounds(newRectangle(101,120,46,37));btnFive.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnSix.setBounds(newRectangle(167,119,46,37));btnSix.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnDecrease.setBounds(newRectangle(234,120,46,37));btnDecrease.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnBegin.setBounds(newRectangle(298,121,46,37));btnBegin.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,15));btnBegin.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnBegin_actionAdapter(this));btnOne.setBounds(newRectangle(33,172,46,37));btnOne.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnTwo.setBounds(newRectangle(101,172,46,37));btnTwo.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnThree.setBounds(newRectangle(167,172,46,37));btnThree.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnMultiply.setBounds(newRectangle(234,172,46,37));btnMultiply.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnCancel.setBounds(newRectangle(298,172,46,37));btnCancel.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,12));btnCancel.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnCancel_actionAdapter(this));btnZero.setBounds(newRectangle(33,222,46,37));btnZero.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));//加載數字0-9監聽事件在進行某一個操作時候觸發某項功效btnZero.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnOne.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnTwo.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnThree.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnFour.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnFive.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnSix.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnSeven.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnEight.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnNine.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnZero_actionAdapter(this));btnMinus.setBounds(newRectangle(101,222,46,37));btnMinus.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,10));btnMinus.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnMinus_actionAdapter(this));btnPoint.setBounds(newRectangle(167,222,46,37));btnPoint.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,30));btnPoint.setHorizontalTextPosition(SwingConstants.CENTER);btnPoint.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnPoint_actionAdapter(this));btnDivide.setBounds(newRectangle(234,222,46,37));btnDivide.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnEqual.setBounds(newRectangle(298,222,46,37));btnEqual.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnEqual.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnEqual_actionAdapter(this));btnIncrease.setBounds(newRectangle(234,70,46,37));btnIncrease.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));//加載加減乘除運算符監聽事件btnIncrease.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnIncrease_actionAdapter(this));btnDecrease.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnIncrease_actionAdapter(this));btnMultiply.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnIncrease_actionAdapter(this));btnDivide.addActionListener(newCalculate_btnIncrease_actionAdapter(this));btnSeven.setBounds(newRectangle(33,70,46,37));btnSeven.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnEight.setBounds(newRectangle(101,70,46,37));btnEight.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));btnNine.setBounds(newRectangle(167,70,46,37));btnNine.setFont(newjava.awt.Font("Dialog",Font.PLAIN,20));//存放報表內容容器contentPane.add(btnFive);contentPane.add(btnSix);contentPane.add(btnDecrease);contentPane.add(btnBegin);contentPane.add(btnOne);contentPane.add(btnTwo);contentPane.add(btnThree);contentPane.add(btnMultiply);contentPane.add(btnCancel);contentPane.add(btnMinus);contentPane.add(btnPoint);contentPane.add(btnDivide);contentPane.add(btnEqual);contentPane.add(btnEight);contentPane.add(btnNine);contentPane.add(btnFour);contentPane.add(btnSeven);contentPane.add(btnIncrease);contentPane.add(btnNull);contentPane.add(txtResult);contentPane.add(btnZero);}publicvoidbtnZero_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){if(flag){//假如剛才按下了運算符txtResult.setText("");if(flag1){//判斷之前是否輸入了點運算符txtResult.setText("0."+e.getActionCommand());flag1=false;}else{txtResult.setText(e.getActionCommand());}flag2=true;}else{intnum=txtResult.getText().indexOf(".");if(num<0&&!txtResult.getText().equals("0")){txtResult.setText(txtResult.getText()+e.getActionCommand());}elseif(num<0&&txtResult.getText().equals("0")){txtResult.setText(e.getActionCommand());}elseif(num>=0&&txtResult.getText().equals("0")){txtResult.setText("0."+e.getActionCommand());}elseif(num>=0&&!txtResult.getText().equals("0")){txtResult.setText(txtResult.getText()+e.getActionCommand());}}flag=false;flag3=false;}publicvoidbtnIncrease_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){if(flag3){txtResult.setText(txtResult.getText());op=e.getActionCommand();//得到剛才按下運算符front=txtResult.getText();//統計加減乘除運算符之前輸入內容}elseif(flag2){ActionEventee=newActionEvent("qq",1,"pp");btnEqual_actionPerformed(ee);op=e.getActionCommand();//得到剛才按下運算符front=re;flag2=false;}else{front=txtResult.getText();//統計加減乘除運算符之前輸入內容op=e.getActionCommand();//得到剛才按下運算符}flag3=false;flag=true;//統計已經按下了加減乘除運算符其中一個}publicvoidbtnEqual_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){if(!flag3)//未曾按下等于運算符behind=txtResult.getText();elsefront=re;try{doublea1=Double.parseDouble(front);doubleb1=Double.parseDouble(behind);if(op=="+"){result=a1+b1;}elseif(op=="-"){result=a1-b1;}elseif(op=="*"){result=a1*b1;}else{result=a1/b1;}Doubler=newDouble(result);re=r.toString(result);txtResult.setText(re);}catch(ArithmeticExceptionce){txtResult.setText("除數不能為零");}catch(Exceptionee){}if(!flag3)flag3=true;}publicvoidbtnPoint_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){intnum=txtResult.getText().indexOf(".");if(num<0&&!flag)txtResult.setText(txtResult.getText()+e.getActionCommand());if(flag)flag1=true;}publicvoidbtnBegin_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){//清零運算符事件處理flag=false;flag1=false;flag2=false;flag3=false;front="";behind="";re="";txtResult.setText("0");}publicvoidbtnMinus_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){//取反運算符事件處理if(txtResult.getText().equals("0")){//假如文本框內容為0txtResult.setText(txtResult.getText());}elseif(txtResult.getText().indexOf("-")>=0){//若文本框中含有負號Stringa=txtResult.getText().replaceAll("-","");txtResult.setText(a);}elseif(flag){txtResult.setText("0");}else{txtResult.setText("-"+txtResult.getText())}}publicvoidbtnCancel_actionPerformed(ActionEvente){//退格事件處理方法Stringstr=txtResult.getText();if(str.length()==1){//如文本框中只剩下最終一個字符,將文本框內容置為0txtResult.setText("0");}if(str.length()>1){str=str.substring(0,str.length()-1);txtResult.setText(str);}}publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){Calculatefc=newCalculate();fc.setSize(400,310);fc.setLocation(200,150);fc.setVisible(true);}}classCalculate_btnCancel_actionAdapterimplementsActionListener{privateCalculateadaptee;Calculate_btnCancel_actionAdapter(Calculateadaptee){this.adaptee=adaptee;}publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){adaptee.btnCancel_actionPerformed(e);}}classCalculate_btnMinus_actionAdapterimplementsActionListener{privateCalculateadaptee;Calculate_btnMinus_actionAdapter(Calculateadaptee){this.adaptee=adaptee;}publicvoidactionPerformed(ActionEvente){adaptee.btnMinus_actionPerformed(e);}}classCalculate_btnBegin_actionAdapterimplementsAct