英語專業八級改錯練習題及答案解析Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelopingcountriescould

beavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk____1____

pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopking____2____

University.

Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,000maternal

Deathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren____3____

withinthesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir____4____

familiestomoderatesize.

Thisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370.000maternal

deathsindevelopingcountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby____5____

theUnitedNation’sChildren’sFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControl

respectably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehigh____6____

riskcategories.

Thereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof____7____

maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof____8_____

pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe____9____

motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthan____10____

twoyearsapart.

參考答案及解析:1將hadused改為used。

因為此句是虛擬語氣，表示與現在事實相反，故條件從句中應使用通常過去時。比如：

Manywouldbewiseiftheydidnotthinkthemselveswise.許多人原本會成為聰明人－假如他們不自認為聰明話。

2將publishing改為published

report和publish時邏輯動賓關系，故應使用publish過去分詞短語來修飾report。比如：

Anydiscoverythatwemaymake,howeversmall,willremainacquiredknowledge.任何可能發覺，不論多么微不足道，都將成為知識寶庫中一部分。

3將theirs改為their

4將among改為between

在兩次懷孕期間留出足夠間隔時間，故用between。

5將過去分詞excluded改為介詞excluding。

excluding意為“不包含…”

6將respectably改為respectively

respectively意為“分別地”，符合句子意思。而respectably意為“可敬，值得尊敬地”。

7將evidences改為evidence。

evidence是不可數名詞。

8將ill改為illness。

9將year改為years。

10將lesser改為less“Home,sweethome”isaphrasethatexpressanessential

attitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthe

familyhouseissweetornosweet,thecherishedidealofhome_____1_____

hasgreatimportanceformanypeople.

ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,

dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenthcenturyEuropeansettlers

ofAmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouse_____2_____

forone’sfamily,andstartedafarm.Thesesmallhouseholdswere_____3_____

portraitsofindependence:theentirefamily-mother,father,children,

evengrandparents-liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogetherto_____4_____

supporteachother.Anyoneunderstoodthelife-and-deathimportance_____5_____

offamilycooperationandhardwork.Althoughmostpeopleinthe

UnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,buttheidealofhomeownership_____6_____

isjustasstronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasinthenineteenth.

WhenU.SsoldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarⅡ,forexample,_____7_____

theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.Buttherewas_____8_____

atremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typicallyin

thesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitsatisfied_____9_____

adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheir_____10_____

wayoflife.

參考答案及解析:1將no改為not

2將place改為land

place是可數名詞，作“地方”講，而land意為“土地，田地”是不可數名詞。比如：

Solitudeisagoodplacetovisitbutapoorplacetostay.

當你偶然光臨時，獨處是一個美妙境地，不過假如久留，它卻是一個糟糕地方。

Thereisavacantpieceoflandnearthehouse;wecanbuildthere.

3將started改為start

start應使用不定式，以和前面find，build一致。

4將working改為work。

work應該用第三人稱復數，和live一致。另外，family在這里作“家人”講，是復數。

5將anyone改為everyone

這里是要用everyone指每個人，而不是要用anyone泛指。

6將but刪除

7將before改為after

依照上下文判斷，這里要表示是二戰之后。

8將But改為And

依照語意，這里要表示是遞進關系，而不是轉折關系。比如：

WhenIdogood,Ifeelgood.WhenIdobad,Ifeelbad.Andthat’smyreligion.

當我行善事，我感到坦然；當我行惡時，我感到內疚。這就是我人生之道。

9將it改為they

10在housethe中間加入介詞as

regard…as作“把……看成……”講。Weliveinasocietywhichthereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsay_____1_____

thattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoareequippedwithschool,including

college,tounderstandscientificreasoning.Wearemoreignorantofscienceaspeople_____2_____

withcomparableeducationinWesternEurope.

Therearealotofkidswhoknoweverythingaboutcomputers—howtobuild

them,howtotakethemapart,andhowtowriteprogramsforgames.Soifyouask_____3_____

themtoexplainabouttheprinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthe_____4_____

computer,youdon’thavefaintestidea._____5_____

Thefailuretounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingsliketheneglectofhuman_____6_____

creativepower.Italsotakesrisetoblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceand_____7_____

technology.Lotsofpeopledon’tdifferbetweenthetwo.Scienceistheproductionof_____8_____

newknowledgethatcanbeappliedornot,andtechnologyistheapplicationof

knowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthelike.Thetwoare

reallydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhavea

facultyfortheothers._____9_____

Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorless.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,

it’snotnecessarilyharmful.Nosocietyhasyetlearnedtoforecasttheconsequencesof_____10_____

newtechnology,whichcanbeenormous.

參考答案及解析:1.在which前加in，或將which改為where

在這里which引導限制性從句，修飾先行詞thesociety。inwhich在從句中作狀語，當然也能夠用關系副詞where引導定語從句，并在從句中作狀語，比如：

Moneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowned.

2.將as改為than

3.將So改為But或者However或者Nevertheless。

因為這里上下文是轉折關系。

4.將about去掉

因為explain是及物動詞。

5.將you改為they

6.將like改為as

因為suchas是固定搭配。

7.將takes改為gives

giveriseto表示“引發，造成”之意。

8.將differ改為distinguish

牽著表示“有區分”。后者表示“區分，找出……差異。

9.將others改為other

這么theother就和上文one組成固定搭配，表示在兩個中“一個……；另外一個……”

10.將harmful改為harmless，只有這么才能夠表示上下文對比關系。Whatisablackhole?Well,itisdifficulttoanswerthequestion,

asthetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon__1__

areadequatehere.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeis__2__

aregionofspacewhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcan__3__

escape—notevenlight.Butwecan’tseeablackhole.Ablackhole__4__

exertsastronggravitationalpullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonly

space—orthuswethink.Howcanthishappen?__5__

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreases

toaparticularpoint;they“collapse”andsometimesasupernovaoccurs.

Thecollapseofastarmayproducea“WhiteDwarf”ofa“neutronstar”—

astarwhichmatterissodensethatifcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof__6___

itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylarge,thisprocessofshrinkingmay

besointensethatablackholeresultsin.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe__7__

sizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassesandastronger__8__

gravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideasoftheforceofablackhole.__9__

Andnomatterneartheblackholeissuckedin.__10__

參考答案及解析:supernova名詞，[天]超新星

1.將as改為since或者because。在表示原因連接詞中，只有as引導原因狀語從句不能位于主句之后，只能位于句首。

2.將adequate改為inadequate，或者在are后加not。從邏輯上分析，因為我們擁有科學術語“不充分”，所以才無法回答這個問題，所以用否定形式。

3.在which前加into。這是一個定語從句，意思是“黑洞是太空中物質能夠掉進去地方”，所以定語從句應該為“intowhichmatterhasfallen”。

4.將but改為so。上文已提到“連光都無法從黑洞中逃出”，所以我們根本無法看到黑洞。這里應該是因果關系，而不是轉折關系。

5.將thus改為so。這句話意思是“那只是空間—或者我們認為它只是空間”。so做think賓語，thus只能做連詞，不能做賓語。

6.將which改為whose。這個定語從句意思是“它是一顆星，其密度非常大，因為本身引力，它在不停地收縮”。matter屬于star，所以關系代詞應該用whose。

7.去掉in。result為不及物動詞，意為“形成了”，而“resultinsth。”意為“造成某結果”。

8.將masses改為mass。mass可指“大量物質”，而“themasses”特指“勞動群眾”，用在此處不妥。

9.將ideas改為idea。“idea”在表示“印象”時，為不可數名詞，不能夠用復數。

10.將no改為any。分析便知，任何在黑洞附近東西都會被吸進去。改錯題出現錯誤經常包含：語法；詞匯；語篇

1.語法包含英語時態，語態，倒裝句，虛擬語氣，主，謂，賓在數，格，人稱上一致。

2.詞匯方面，短文改錯在用詞上錯誤主要集中在以下幾個方面：

名次單復數，可數名詞和不可數名詞差異，形容詞與副詞，連詞與介詞誤用，同義詞混同等。

3.語篇改錯意在測試做題者在詳細語境上下文中使用語法和詞匯能力。從邏輯意義上看，句與句之間關系能夠分為次序，并列，時間，空間，層遞，對比，轉折，解釋，因果，過渡，推論等。最好做法是先通讀全文，結合上下文邏輯關系回答下列問題。Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich__1__

haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthe

largest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome__2__

monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenone

occasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People__3__

foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too,fortheoilandmeatfrom

onewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholewinter.

Whalesresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas__4__

“greatfish,”andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEngland

wasdesignated“theKing’sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelonged

totheCrown.

Eversincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof__5__

wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,and

exploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions.__6__

Eventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationsof

theInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhale

huntingisregulated,buttheearth’sstockofwhalesisstillbeing__7__

depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow__8__

theremaybenowhalesleft.Ifthishappens,mankindwill

beblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand__9__

awe-inspiringcreaturethatalwaysfedman’simaginationand__10__

madetheworldamoreexcitingplace

參考答案及解析:1.將which改為that。先行詞由最高修飾時定語從句關系代詞只能用that。

2.在thought后面加of，或者將thought改為regarded。“thinkofAasB”，指“把A看作B”，為固定搭配。

3.去掉he。這句話主語是“tohuntawhale”，“tohuntawhalewashighadventure”。中間“when…”只是插入狀語從句。

4.在referred后加to。“refertoAasB”只“把A稱作B”，這句話意思是“古人把鯨稱作大魚”。

5.在felt后加for。這句話實際結構是“feelasenseofwonderforwhales”指“對鯨懷有驚奇感覺”，for引出對象。

6.在exploit后加them。capture，slaughter，exploit都是及物動詞，后面必須加賓語。

7.去掉but。前面已經有“eventhough”，后面就不應該再用but。

8.將since改為from。“100yearsfromnow”指“從現在起1后”since只能用于完成時。

9.在blame前加to。“betoblameforsth”指“對某事應負責任”，為固定搭配。

10.在always前加has。這個定語從句強調對現在影響，很顯著應該用完成時，不能用過去式。Weuselanguageeveryday.Weliveinaworldofwords.Hardlyany

momentpasseswithsomeonetalking,writingorreading.Indeed,__1__

languagesismostessentialtomankind.Ourlivesincreasinglydepend

onfastandsuccessfuluseoflanguage.Strangelyenough,weknow__2__

moreaboutthingsaroundusthanonourselves.Forexample,language__3__

isspeciesspecific,thatis,itislanguagethatdiffershumanfrom__4__

animals.However,wedonotknowyethowexactlyweinquirelanguage__5__

andhowitispossibleforustoperceivethroughlanguage;norwe__6__

understandpreciselythecombinationsbetweenlanguageandthought,__7__

languageandlogic,orlanguageandculture;stillless,howandwhen

languagestarted.Onereasonforthisinadequateknowledgeoflanguage

isthatwe,likelanguageusers,taketoomanythingsforgranted.__8__

Languagecomestoeverynormalpersonsonaturallythatafew__9__

ofusstoptoquestionwhatlanguageis,muchlessdowefeelthe

necessitytostudyit.Languageisfarmorecomplexthanmostpeople

haveprobablyimaginedandthenecessitytostudyitisfargreaterthan

somepeoplemayhaveassured.Linguisticisabranchofsciencewhich__10__

takeslanguageasitsobjectofinvestigation.

參考答案及解析:1.with改為without。”hardyanymomentpasseswithoutsomeone…”,兩個否定:without和hardly，意思是“每一時刻有些人……”。

2.fast前面加the因為fastandsuccessfuluse這個詞組后邊有一個前置詞短語oflanguage修飾use，所以被修飾詞前面加定冠詞。

3.thanonourselves改為thanthingsonourselves。在這里比較是兩件事：thingsaroundusandthingsonourselves(我們周圍事物和我們本身東西)。第二個things不能省略，不然引發誤解。

4.differs改為distinguishes。語言區分人與動物，differ是不及物動詞，后面不能帶賓語，只能用介詞，如：Mandiffersfromanimalsinthatmanpossesseslanguage。

5.inquire改為acquire“習得語言”應該是acquirelanguage，名詞短語是languageacquisition。Inquire是“問詢”意思。

6.we前面加上do副詞nor放在句首表示強調，應用倒裝句，通常現在時強調句是在主語前面加助動詞do。

7.combination改為relationships.語言和思維關系，不是結合；語言和思維關系是當代語言學研究主要領域。

8.like改為as。依照上下文，要表示意思是“作為語言使用者”，不是“像語言使用者”。

9.a去掉這里是否定意思：“我們沒有多少人……”而不是“我們一些人.….”。

10.assured改為assumed.這句后半部分意思是“研究語言必要性比我們想象要大得多”。Assure譯為“確保”；assume譯為“假設”或者“想象”意思。Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleas

tenyearsbefore,youcan’thelpbeingstruckedbythe__1__

appearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhairstylesand

make-uplookdate;theirskirtslookeithertoolongortoo__2__

short;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

Thementakingpart,onotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.__3__

Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentiredifferentage.Thisillusioniscreated__4__

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatminorityofmen__5__

havesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakeitchangetheir__6__

styleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyear,

afewerso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydown__7__

onthelawandwomenaroundtheworldruntoobey.The__8__

decreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.

Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortand__9__

waistswillbeheight;hipsareinandbuttonsareout.__10__

參考答案及解析:1.strucked改為struck或者stricken

過去分詞形式有誤。strike過去式是struck，過去分詞為struck或者stricken。

2.date改為dated或者outdated

3.onotherhand改為ontheotherhand

4.entire改為entirely

副詞修飾形容詞different，并與different一起修飾age。

5.minority改為majority

從上下文以及常識判斷，多半男性成功地抵制了改變他們服裝款式企圖，即多年來，男性大服裝款式跟女性衣飾相比沒有多大改變。

6.it改為them

them指代thegreatmajorityofmen。

7.fewer改為few

此處沒有比較意味。

8.去掉on

laydown為習語，表示“要求(規則，標準，法規等)”。

9.sometime改為sometimes。

10.height改為high

形容詞作be表語。DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore

eagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriage

forbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheight__1__

aftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.”__2__

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylarge

familiesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporary__3__

reversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly

1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheir__4__

Europecounterparts.__5__

Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformed__6__

familiesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateaftera__7__

postwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatof__8__

coupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStates__9__

maintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,

thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentinEurope.__10__

Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnot

abandoned.

參考答案及解析:1.將height改為high/peak。

整句話大意為他們把男女婚齡降了下來，使出生率達成了20世紀高峰。

high能夠用作名詞，意為“高峰”，“高水準”，“最高紀錄”。

height能夠作“極點，頂點”解釋。比如：Theheightofclevernessistoconcealone’scleverness。

2.將第二個不定冠詞a去掉。

steadydecline意為連續下降，前面不用加冠詞。又如：yearsofhardwork。依照語感能夠判斷出來。

3.在went后加on，或將went改為lasted。

此處是“連續”意思，所以能夠用wenton或者last來表示。

4.將high改為higher。

此處意為美國人結婚率比以前提升了，有與戰前相比意思，所以應用比較級。

5.將Europe改為European。

6.刪掉more。此處大意為戰后離婚率也下降了，這個現象不大有些人注意，但一樣也很主要。另外，more與equally相矛盾。

7.將nevertheless改為also或者刪掉nevertheless。

此處上下文之間不是轉折關系，而是遞進關系。

8.將that改為those。

此處代詞應指marriages這個復數名詞，所以應用those。此處考查代詞與先行詞一致問題。

9.將Since改為Although/Though/While。此處是轉折關系，不是因果關系。

10.將in改為to。短語totheextent是固定搭配。Whenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediatelystart

meetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskeda

lady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthe__1__

waytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchaperson

walksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofothers.Suchpeoplenever__2__

bumpintootherpeople.

However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionof

civilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,__3__

ithesaidwasquitewell-known,aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvited__4__

toanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.TheAmerican__5__

hasn’tbeentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.Ifhehad__6__

knownaboutAmericanfood,hemighthavebehavedbetter.__7__

Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,to

him,verymuchasanapkin.Pickingitup,heputitintohiscollar,sothat__8__

itfallsacrosshisshirt.HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,__9__

saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.__10__

Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafineexampleofgoodmanners.

參考答案及解析:1.將on改為by。

“bytheway”作“依照……方式”講。

2.將unaware改為aware

依照下文中“Suchapersonneverbumpintootherpeople”判斷，這種人不會“目中無人”。

3.將as改為than

“more+adj/of+n+than”是固定搭配。

4.將it改為which

which在此引導一個非限制性定語從句，which在從句中作主語，需要注意是，在從句中hesaid是插入語。

5.將at改為in

名詞thecountry前要用介詞in。

6.將hasn’t改為hadn’t

依照上下文我們能夠看出這里需要使用過去完成時。

7.將American改為Arab。依照上文，我們能夠看出，這里講述是赴“阿拉伯”傳統宴會“美國人”故事，而不是赴“美國”傳統宴會“美國人”故事。

8.將as改為like

介詞as意思為“作為”，like意思為“像”。

9.將falls改為fell

這里要使用通常過去時。

10.將第一個of刪掉。

say作為及物動詞，后面可直接跟名詞作賓語。Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis__1__

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof__2__

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof__3__

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis__4__

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery__5__

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered__6__

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies__7__

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants__8__

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe__9__

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflood__10__

-ingoutagaintothesuburbs.

參考答案及解析:1.在newone前加a

這里one指代上下文中可數名詞purpose，所以該詞前要有限定詞。

2.將filling改為filled

在這里，非謂語動詞fill與句子who（poorimmigrants）之間是邏輯動賓關系，所以要使用過去分詞來表示被動意義。

3.去掉though

4.將this改為what

依照句子結構，我們能夠看出這里需要一個關系代詞，它既能引導主語從句，同時也能夠在從句中作主語，這個關系代詞就是what。如：

WhatIlikeinagoodauthorisnotwhathesays，butwhathewhispers。

5.將was改為were

that引導定語從句，其先行詞是descriptions…andtheenormouscontrasts,所以謂語動詞be要用復數。

6.將dissimilar改為similar

這里要表示是“共同，相同”之處。

7.將lies改為lie

behinditlietwomyths是個倒裝句，主語為twomyths，可見謂語動詞要使用復數。

8.將that改為which

這里是一個非限制性定語從句，所以不可用that，而要用which。

9.將it改為them

復數名詞immigrants代詞，所以要用復數形式。

10.將late改為laterArtistsusecaricaturetodistortthehumanfaceorfigureforcomicaffect,__1__

whileatthesametimecapturinganidentifiablelikenessandsuggeststheessence__2__

ofthepersonalityorcharacterbeneaththesurface.Thehumorliesinthefact__3__

thecaricatureisrecognizable,andyetexaggerated.

FromtheirorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthrough__4__

theeighteenthandnineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularin__5__

theUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In1920sand1930sespecially,

thislivelyformofillustrationwasappearedinnewspapersand__6__

magazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewhis__7__

portraitsofimportantfiguresprimarytoentertain.Inspirittheirworkwas__8__

closetothehumorofthefast-developingcomicstripandgagcartoonthantothe__9__

stringofpoliticalsatire.Theirsubjectsweremoreoftenamusingthanoffended__10__

byamiableattacks.

參考答案及解析:1.將affect改為effect

affect是動詞。effect是名詞。

2.將suggests改為suggesting

這是一個以while引導從句，其中suggest應該與capturing并列。

3.在fact后面加上that

因為引導同位語從句關系詞不能夠省略。

4.將their改為its

這里its指代單數名詞caricature

5.將century改為復數形式

6.將was省略

appear是不及物動詞，不應用于被動語態。

7.將his改為their

這里指代復數名詞thecaricaturists

8.將primary改為primarily

primarily在這里做狀語，修飾不定式短語

9.將close改為比較級形式closer

從后面連詞than，能夠看出，這里使用了比較狀語從句

10.將amusing改為amused

主語subject（受攻擊人）和amuse邏輯關系是動賓關系，應使用過去分詞形式。Mostpeoplewoulddescribewaterlikeacolorlessliquid.They__1__

wouldknowthatinverycoldconditionsitbecomesasolidcalled

iceandthatwhenheatingonafireitbecomesavaporcalledsteam.__2__

However,water,theywouldsay,isaliquid.Wehavelearnedthat

waterconsistsofmoleculescomposedwithtwoatomsofhydrogen__3__

andoneatomofoxygen,whichwedescribebytheformulaH2O.

Thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalledsteam.

Chemicallythereisnodifferencebetweenthegas,theliquid,and

thesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswiththeformulaH2O.__4__

Thisistrueofotherchemicalsubstances;mostofthemcanexistas

gasesorasliquidsorassolids.Wemaynormallythinkofironasa

solid,butifwewillheatitinafurnace,itwillmeltandbecomea__5__

liquid,andatveryhightemperaturesitwillbecomeagas.Nothing

verypermanentoccurswhenagaschangesintoaliquidorasolid.

Everyoneknowsthatice,whichhasbeenmadebyfreezingwater,

canbemeltedagainbywarmedandthatsteamcanbecondensed__6__

onacoldsurfacetobecomeliquidwater.Infact,itisonlybecause

waterissoafamiliarsubstancethatdifferentnamesareusedfor__7__

thesolid,liquidandgas.Mostsubstancesareonlyfamiliarwith__8__

usinonestate,becausethetemperaturesrequiringtoturnthem__9__

intogasesareveryhigh,orthetemperaturesnecessarytoturnthem

intosolidsaresolow.Waterisanexceptioninthisrespect,which

isanotherreasonwhyitsthreestateshavegiventhreedifferentnames.__10__

參考答案及解析:1.改like為as

describesthassth是把……描述成……意思。

2.改heating為heated

在時間，條件，讓步等狀語從句中，當從句主語和主句主語是一致時候，能夠將從句主語和be改變形式省略。

3.改with為of

becomposedof意思為“包含，由……組成”

4.改ismadeup為aremadeup

which指代上文中thegas，theliquid，andthesolid，表示復數概念，所以要用are

5.將第一個will去掉

在時間條件狀語從句和條件狀語從句中要用現在時表示未來時。

6.by改為when

whenwarm相當于whenitiswarmed

7.改so為such

8.改with為to

短語familiarto后面才能接“某人”familiarwith是接sth

9.改requiring為required

過去分詞短語作后置定語時，和被修飾名詞時邏輯動賓關系。

10.have后加been

動詞give和主語threestates是動賓關系Insocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementis“the

chair-grasp”.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,but

nowthehosthasanappointmenttokeepandcangetaway.Hisurge__1__

togoisheldincheekbyhisdesirenotberudetohisguest.Ifhedid__2__

notcareofhisguest’sfeelingshewouldsimplygetupoutofhischair__3__

andtoannouncehisdeparture.Thisiswhathisbodywantstodo,__4__

thereforehispolitenessglueshisbodytothechairandrefusestolethim__5__

raise.Itisatthispointthatheperformsthechair-graspIntention__6__

Movement.Hecontinuestotalktotheguestandlistentohim,butleans

forwardandgraspsthearmsofthechairasabouttopushhimselfupwards.__7__

Thisisthefirstacthewouldmakeifhewererising.Ifhewerenot__8__

hesitating,itwouldonlylastthefractionofthesecond.Hewouldlean,__9__

push,rise,andbeup.Butnow,instead,itlastsmuchlonger.He

holdshis“readiness-to-rise”postandkeepsonholdingit.Itisasifhis__10__

bodyhadfrozenattheget-readymoment.答案及解析:

1.將can改為must

依照上下文意思“主人有一個約會，必須離開”是客觀要求，而不是“能不能”或者“可不能夠”問題。

2.not后面加to

desire后應該加動詞不定式todosomething。

3.將of改為about

careabout意思為“對…在意，在意”，而careof意思為“轉交”

（以為還能夠直接去掉of，care本身也有在意意思，可是答案不這么寫，你怎么看嘞？）

4.刪掉and或者to。

5.將therefore改為yet或but

這兩部分之間應是轉折關系。

6.將raise改為rise

raise是及物動詞，后面必須加賓語，而且在此與文章意思不符。rise意為“起身”，“站起來”，符合文義。

7.在as和about之間加上if或者though

此處意思是主人身子往前傾，雙手抓著椅子，好像就要站起來一樣。asif/thoughtodosomething意思為“好像要做什么事情”。

8.將make改為perform或do

此處考查搭配問題，動詞make與前面act不能搭配。

9.將the改為a

afractionofasecond意思為非常短暫時間。

10.將post改為postureThehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistorichuman__1__

ancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingwithanimalfoods__2__

Ananalysisof58societiesofmodernhunter-gatherers,includingtheKungof

southernAfrica,revealedthatone-halfemphasizegatheringplantsfoods,

one-thirdconcentrateonfishing,andonlyone-sixthareprimarilyhunters,

Overall,two-thirdsandmoreofthehunter-gatherer’scaloriescomefrom__3__

plants.DetailedstudiesoftheKungbythefoodscientistsattheUniversity

ofLondon,showedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffood

thanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyieldsinaverageabout100edible__4__

calories,asanhourofgatheringproduces240.__5__

Plantfoodsprovidefor60percentto80percentoftheKungdiet,andno__6__

onegoeshungrywhenthehuntfails.Interestingly,iftheyescapefatalinfections

oraccidents,thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetooldagesdespiteoftheabsence__7__

ofmedicalcare.Theyexperiencenoobesity,nomiddle-agedspread,little

dentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,noheartdisease,andtheirblood

cholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfoftheaverageAmericanadult).__8__

Ifnooneissuggestingthatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle,wecertainly__9__

couldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforhealthierdiet.__10__參考答案及解析:

1.將as改為like

此處意思是“像史前人類祖先那樣生活”。

2.將supplementing改為supplemented

supplemented修飾diet，能夠看作whichissupplementedwithanimalfoods簡化形式。

3.將and改為or

4.將in改為on

onaverage是固定使用方法。

5.將as改為while或者whereas

6.刪掉for，或者將provide改為account

此處provide是及物動詞，后面不用介詞for

7.刪掉第一個of

despite做介詞，后面直接接名詞。

8.在half后加that

that指代前面bloodcholesterollevels，不能省略，因為這里是將部落組員膽固醇含量與美國人膽固醇含量相比較。

9.將if改為whereas或者while

此處意思為“盡管沒有些人……,不過……”，是轉折關系。

10.在for后面加不定冠詞a。轉貼于：TEM考試_考試大Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardinpronun-

ciationcomparabletothatexistinginspelling(orthography).Oneisthe

factthatpronunciationislearnt‘naturally’andunconsciously,andorthography__1__

islearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.Largenumbersofus,infact,remain

throughoutourlivesquiteunconsciouswithwhatourspeechsounds__2__

likewhenwespeakout,anditoftencomesasashockwhenwe__3__

firstlyheararecordingofourselves.Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,__4__

whereasourownhandwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.We__5__

beginthe‘natural’learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningto

readorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingand__6__

practicingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehoursperevery__7__

day