高三英語專項校公開課閱讀理解猜測詞義第1頁/共41頁Howdoyoudealwiththenewwordsorphrasesthatyoumeetwhilereading?IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaning第2頁/共41頁詞義猜測題常見的考查形式：1)Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?2)Thephrase“…”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby_________.3)Theword“…”intheparagraphrefersto______.4)Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase”…”?5)Bysaying“…”inthefirst(second…)paragraph,theauthormeansthat______.6)Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standfor?第3頁/共41頁考查方向：1.熟詞新意，即熟悉詞匯的陌生含義；2.復合詞的含義的理解，對于衍生詞匯的理解能力；3.根據上下文對代詞的指代含義的理解能力；4.根據上下文對不認識單詞的詞義判斷能力；5.對諺語、俗語、俚語含義的理解能力；6.通過近義詞、反義詞和常識理解詞匯的能力。第4頁/共41頁高考英語閱讀策略

之猜測詞義猜測詞義是英語閱讀的一種重要技巧，也是高考中常考的題型，是考查學生對文章上下文語境理解及詞匯量等多方面綜合能力。第5頁/共41頁Example11.

Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofmankind.詞義：_________2.Thetermjamconstitutesastateinwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.詞義：_________

人類學Skill1：通過定義或解釋來猜測定義常由定語從句或becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，constitute，referto等詞匯或破折號，冒號，括號來引導。解釋常由or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具體的解釋性的短語。困境第6頁/共41頁Practice1:Youshouldneverputacottonswaborotherobjectintotheearcanal.Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.Theexpertsagreewiththeoldsayingthatyoushouldneverputanythingsmallerthanyourelbowinyourear.Whatdoesa“swab”mostlyprobablymean?_____somethingsoft,smallandusedinclinicsB.somethinghard,longandusedathomeC.somethingthin,wetandlikeanelbowD.somethingsafe,bigandlikeatoy

Ａ第7頁/共41頁Example2Skill2：

通過舉例進行猜測常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子。1.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,EnglishSquare,CrazyEnglish,EnglishLearning.

詞義：_________2.Collins

decidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglost…

詞義：________期刊危險第8頁/共41頁Practice2:IleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater,justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn’tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1mean?＿＿＿

Iwaswaitingforgoodfortune.B.Iwastryingtofindanadmirablejob.C.Iwasbeingaimlessaboutasuitablejob.D.Iwasdoingseveraljobsformorepayatatime.Ｃ第9頁/共41頁Example3Skill３：通過同義或反義關系進行猜測表示對比或轉折的常見信息詞有：but，yet，however，while，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，incontrast，inspiteof，instead等，有時也用破折號或冒號表示對比。表示同義的常見信息詞有：or,like,similarly等1.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.詞義：________2.Mr.Smithlovestotalk,andhiswifeissimilarlyloquacious.

詞義：________傲慢的

愛說話的

第10頁/共41頁Pracitce3:EventheEthiopianpublichasonlyseenLucytwice.TheLucyonexhibitionattheEthiopianNationalMuseuminthecapital,AddisAbaba,isareplicawhiletherealremainsareusuallylockedinasecretstoreroom.(2012全國II)Whatdoesthewords“areplica”inParagraph2referto?

A.Apaintingoftheskeleton.

B.AphotographofLucy

C.Acopyoftheskeleton.

D.AwrittenrecordofLucy.

C第11頁/共41頁Example4Skill4：通過因果關系進行猜測表示因果關系的信息詞有：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,dueto,resultin,forthisreason,so/suchthat等。1.Thatmuseumissoimmense

thatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.詞義：________(2)He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.詞義：________巨大的精明的第12頁/共41頁Practice4Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcomeonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”meansthatthecolours＿＿＿.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestＤ第13頁/共41頁Example5Sharksareamongthefewanimalsintheworldthatalmostnevergetcancerandeyecataracts.Understandingwhycanhelpusimprovehumanhealth.Chemicalsextractedfromsharkcartilagehavekilledcanceroustumorsinlaboratoryanimals,aresearchthatsomedaycouldhelpprolongyourlife.Theunderlinedword“prolong”intheparagraphmeans______.A.saveB.protectC.lengthenD.improveC第14頁/共41頁構詞法合成有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞派生在詞根上加上前、后綴構成另一個單詞轉化將一種詞性轉化成另一種詞性pathwayeverydayriversideextraordinarymaturityfrustrationantiwarplacefree

valuecombSkill5：第15頁/共41頁

Wehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.Praiseholickidswhoexpectitmaysufferfromdepressionwhentheyarefacedwithtroublesomesituation

Theunderlinedwords“Praiseholickids”referstokidswhoare______.A.tiredofbeingpraisedB.worthyofbeingpraisedC.veryproudofbeingpraisedD.extremelyfondofbeingpraisedPractice5:D第16頁/共41頁

Example6ISScrewmembersusuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Weekendsgivethecrewvaluabletimetorestanddoafewhoursofhousework.Theycancommunicatewithfamilyandfriendsbyemail,internetphoneandthroughprivatevideoconferences.Whatdoestheword"mimic"inParagraph1probablymean?______A.find

B.copy

C.change

D.lose

B★Skill6：生活常識：利用文化背景、生活常識猜測詞義。讀者可以運用邏輯推理能力，結合社會文化背景和自身的生活經驗及生活常識，再根據上下文推測生詞的含義。第17頁/共41頁Practice6:

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whatdoestheword“

anaesthetic"inParagraph1probablymean?______A.AkindofbooksB.ApieceofadviceC.AkindofmedicineD.AkindofanimalsC第18頁/共41頁解題方法定義解釋法舉例法同義詞、反義詞和對比關系法因果關系法構詞法上下文語境法轉換派生合成生活常識第19頁/共41頁It’stimetousewhatyoulearn.第20頁/共41頁Youareexpectedtoguessthemeaningoftheunderlinedpart;Youhavethreetypesofexercisestochoosefrom.Andeachgroupcanonlyhaveonechance,ifgiveuporanswerwrong,othergroupcangetthechance.Youcandiscusswithyourpartners;Juststandupandtakethefloor!Tobeactive!Whichevergroupgetsthehighestscoreshallobtainsecretgiftsafterclass!GameRules第21頁/共41頁ABC第22頁/共41頁China’sswimmingstar,SunYang,hasbeenbannedfrommorecompetitions,training,commercialandsocialactivitiesasamemberofChina’snationalteambythesport’sChinesegoverningbody.Thismeansthefour-timeOlympicmedalistissuspendedfromdomesticandinternationalraces.第23頁/共41頁SunYangwasdetainedonMondaybypolicefordrivingwithoutalicense,afterabusrear-endedhisPorscheSUVinhishometownSunYangisservingaseven-dayjailsentence,andwasfined2,000Yuan.ZhejiangCollegeofSports,whereSuntrainedwithhisteam,hasannouncedthathe’sbeenbarredfrompracticingandcompeting,andbeenbannedfromdoinganycommercialactivitiesuntilhissuspensionislifted.拘留，扣留禁止（做…）第24頁/共41頁Regionsshroudedinheavysmogoverthepastweekareliftingtheirhazardousweatheralertsasanewcoldfrontdrivesthepollutionaway

CitiesinnorthernChinahaveseenclearblueskiesagainonSunday.ThecentralmeteorologicalbureauhasnowlifteditsnationwidedoublealertforhazeandfogalthoughShanghairemainedhazyonMondaymorning,andthecity’sweathercentersaiditwasmorearesultofmoistfogratherthanthehazardousfineparticlesinsmog.

危險的解除第25頁/共41頁SmoginotherregionsisalsoexpectedtodisperseascoldairaccompaniedbywindarriveslateMondayorTuesday.SincethestartofDecember,largepartsofChinahaveseensmoggyweatherwhichhasledtoclosuresofhighwaysandschoolaswellasflightdelays.分散；散開第26頁/共41頁GonewithTheWind第27頁/共41頁

Iwasneveronetopatientlypickupbrokenfragmentsandgluethemtogether,thentellmyselfthatthemendedwholewasasgoodasnew.Whatisbrokenisbroken—andI’dratherrememberitasitwasatitsbestthanmenditandseethebrokenplacesaslongasIlived.碎片第28頁/共41頁第29頁/共41頁

Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,humble,plainandlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong!Ihaveasmuchsoulasyouandfullasmuchheart!AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeautyandmuchwealth.Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou.Iamnottalkingtoyounowthroughthemediumofcustom,norevenofmortalflesh,itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit,justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGod’sfeet,equal-asweare!對...講話第30頁/共41頁傲慢與偏見第31頁/共41頁Mr.Darcy:Iloveyou.Mostheartily.Pleasedomethehonorofacceptingmyhand.Elizabeth:Sir,Iappreciatethestruggleyouhavebeenthrough,andIamverysorrytohavecausedyoupain.Believeme,itwasunconsciouslydone.Mr.Darcy:Isthisyourreply?Elizabeth:Yes,sir.Mr.Darcy:Areyou...areyoulaughingatme?Elizabeth:No.第32頁/共41頁Mr.Darcy:Areyourejectingme?

Elizabeth:I'msurethatthefeelingswillhelpyouinovercomingit.Mr.Darcy:MightIaskwhy,withsuchefforttobecivilized,Iamthusrepulsed?Elizabeth:AndImightaswellenquirewhy,withsoevidentadesignofinsultingme,youchosetotellmethatyoulikedmeoragainstyourbetterjudgment.拒絕第33頁/共41頁1.Sparrowfailedtogrowforanothertwoyears,untilanewCEOdecidedtobuildupitsmarketshare.Hedidasurvey,whichshowedthatconsumerswhoalreadyusedSparrowrestaurantswereextremelypositiveaboutthechain,whilecustomersofotherfast-foodchainswereunwillingtoturnawayfromthem.Sparrowhadtodevelopanewpromotionalcampaign.（2013山東）

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.CustomersofSparrowrestaurantsB.SparrowrestaurantsC.Customersofotherfast-foodchainsD.Otherfast-foodchainsD第34頁/共41頁2.Twain’sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy,forexample,bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography(自傳)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.(13江蘇）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto?A.Theattacks.

B.Slaveryandprejudice.C.Whitemen.

D.Theshows.D第35頁/共41頁AchildoftheDepression(大蕭條),SheilawasraisedinBrooklynbyparentswhoconsiderededucationaluxuryforgirls.Startingwithhercollegeeducation,shehasfoughtforeverythingshe’severaccomplished.Perri,ontheotherhand,grewupprivilegedintheNewJ