專題十WORD格式整理名詞性從第一節基本知識與基本概【么是名詞，也從？】根據從在子中的功能分根據從的性質分定語從形容詞也從主語從名詞也從賓語從表語從同位語從狀語從副詞也從【主語從】顧名思義，主語從在子中作主語。有時本身出現在主語的位置上，也有時出于子結構的考慮退到子的尾部，前面用形式主語it代替。從作主語時，謂語動用一般為單數形式。如：WhatIsawwasbeyondanyverbaldescription.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimabit.Whythecompanydeniedthecontractisstillunknown.Whenandwherethegovernmentwillbuildacitysquareisunderdiscussion.Itisprettyannoyingthatasmallpartofthemachineismissing.Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewnovelwillbewellreceived.【賓語從】在與中作賓語的從就是賓語從。d于這是同學們接觸比較早的一種從，應該問題大。所在與中作賓語的從就是賓語從。以在近的高考題中， 以賓語從的知識作為考點的題目較少。但是，賓語從也有自己的特法情況，如介詞的賓語，形容詞的賓語，賓語從提前和并的賓語從等現象。如：Weassumedthattherewouldbemorethan100guests.Hetoldthepoliceindetailwhathesawandheard.Nobodyissurewhathumanswill100klikeinamillionyears.Thatwilldependonwhethertheycangetthechance.WhetherIwillhavethetimeIamnotsureatthemoment.Theconductorcomplainedthatwewerenotgiftedinsingingandthathewouldnevercomeagain.表語認的最重要臉譜就是它們應該出現在系動詞的后面。如：【表語從】表語認的最重要臉譜就是它們應該出現在系動詞的后面。如：Theonlyquestionleftishowoftentheworkersarepaid.Hisideaforthecomingweekendisthatwegoskating.專業知識分享

WORDWORD格式整理【同位語從】從臉譜上看，同位語從最為麻煩。因為它們也是出現在一個名詞的后面，起著解釋說明的作用。有點像定語從。這個點是許多學生容混淆的地方。但是，只有我們能把握住關鍵，即：定語從的先詞在從中必須作一個成分，過一點恰恰是同位語從所能做到的。并且這個成分應該是個空白，也就是說，定語同位語從前面的名詞在從中是沒有位置的。況且，也是所有的名詞后面會跟同位語從，只有那些“有內容的名詞才需要解釋。如truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等。如：成分fact,news,idea,Thatfactthatthepolicemandidntfireatthemanatallwasignored.Doyouhaveanyideawhatisgoingonintheclassroom.Thepossibilitythatwecanworkathomemakeseverybodyexcited.【連接代詞、連接副詞和連接詞】通過以上介紹，我們可以看出，四種名詞性從需要有一個連接性詞在從的開頭。這個詞是么性質，要看它在從中作作的成分， 如臬作的是主語、賓語、表話的話，這個詞就是連掛代詞；如果作的是各種狀語，就叫陣提臥P；如果作任何成分，就叫陣提早。

連的先詞在從中必須作一個成分，過一點恰恰是同位語從所能做到的。并且這個成分應該是個空白，也就是說，定語同位語從前面的名詞在從中是沒有位置的。況且，也是所有的名詞后面會跟同位語從，只有那些“有內容的名詞才需要解釋。如truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt等。如：成分fact,news,idea,Thatfactthatthepolicemandidntfireatthemanatallwasignored.Doyouhaveanyideawhatisgoingonintheclassroom.Thepossibilitythatwecanworkathomemakeseverybodyexcited.【連接代詞、連接副詞和連接詞】通過以上介紹，我們可以看出，四種名詞性從需要有一個連接性詞在從的開頭。這個詞是么性質，要看它在從中作作的成分， 如臬作的是主語、賓語、表話的話，這個詞就是連掛代詞；如果作的是各種狀語，就叫陣提臥P；如果作任何成分，就叫陣提早。

連連接詞that,if,whether.如下表：引導名詞性從的連接詞連接代詞who,whom,what,whose,which,whoeverwhichever,whatever,連接副詞when,where,how,why第二節考點分類解析【考點-：語序問題】名詞性從的語序問題一直斷斷續續地在各地高考題目中出現，由此可見其重要性。其實說來非常簡單記：永遠陳述語氣。即名詞性從中會出現助動詞提前的現象。如：Whoheisdoesntmattermuch.Whenandwhereweshallhavethesportsmeetisaquestion.Idontknowwhathisnameis.Idontknowwhatiswrongwithhim.=Idontknowwhatisthematterwithhim.YoucantimaginehowexcitedIwasatthattime.Canyoutellmewhatsizeshoesyouwear?Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A.whatwillmanlooklike B.whatmanwilllooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike專業知識分享WORD格式整理答案：B。這個題就是典型的考查賓語從句的語序問題。根據以上所述，應該是陳述語序。所以A、C兩個選項就不可能了。而D選項明顯不符合我們的語言習慣。【考點二：that和what的區別問題】能引導名詞性從句的關系代詞有who,whom,what,whose,which,whichever,whatever,whoever八個。為何單獨講what的用法呢？重要！在考試中出現的頻率高！在本書第一章《定語從句》中，我們提到過，what是不能引導定語從句的。定語從句中如果缺少的成分是主語、賓語、表語，我們選擇的是關系代詞that或其他。現在山頭換了，到了名詞性從句的知識范圍了。What在名詞也從句中就很有用武之地;。還是分析成分，what在從句中作的主語、賓語、袤話。市that只是一個“連接詞”，就不作什么成分，也沒有什么意義。如:Whatyoudiddoesn’tagreewithwhatyoupromised.Whathecouldn’tunderstandwaswhyhisteacherwasneversatisfiedwithhim.ThematterofsalaryiswhatIcaremostifIdecidetochangemyprofession.Whatwecan’tgetalwaysseemsbetterthanwhatwehavealreadygot.Ithinkthatyourcompositionisnobetterthanhis.Thatyoudon’tloveherisnotmybusiness.Whatwehaveseenisdifferentfrom.A.weheard B.wehaveheard C.whatweheard D.whatwehaveheardIcouldn,tagreewithatthemeeting.A.thatyousaidB.whichyousaidC.allwhatyousaid D.whatyousaid作成分。但是，它們

；而whether就不同【考點三：作成分。但是，它們

；而whether就不同有時候，它們兩個比較難以區別，因為，它們都是連接詞，都在從句中不之間最大的區別在于“意義”。即that在從句中就不作成分，也沒有自己的意義了。它雖然不在從句中作什々成分，但是它又意義，即“是否”。過就能夠左右從句的意思，使從自所表達的意思變成一個還沒有確定的因嗦。如：Idon,tknowwhetherhecanjoinusornot.msurethathecanjoinus.ItisnoneofyourbusinesswhetherIloveher.ItisnoneofyourbusinessthatIdon,tloveher.綜上所述，區分that還是whether，重要一點就是看主句需要從句表達一個什々意思，是確定的，還是不確定的；是事實還是疑問。前者送that，后者選whether°如：IhavenodoubtMr.Johnsonwillmakeithereontime.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.when答案：人。這個題之所以選擇that，就是因為前面的Ihavenodoubt（毫無疑問），這樣的主句已經不再需要從句表達什么“是否'':。Noonecanbesuretheboardwillacceptourconditions.A.that B.whether C.why D.what答案：8。這個題中的Noonecanbesure（沒有人能肯定）就要求從句表達一個“董專業知識分享WORD格式整理事會能否接受我們的條件”的意思，而不能是一個既定的事實。【考點四：if和whether的區別問題】二者在引導賓語從句時都有“是否”之意。但并不是永遠可以互換。一般認為,二者可以互換的環境也只有在賓語從句中。如：Hedidn’tgiveusexplicitreplywhether/ifhewillattendourweddingceremony.而在介詞的賓語從句中，在主語從句中，在表語從句中，在同位語從句中，在和不定式搭配的結構中等等，習慣上只能用whether°如：.we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where2.Thequestionof_ theyareoldoryoungisnotimportant.A.which B.whether C.how D.if3.Thequestionisthefilmisworthseeing.A.if B.what C.whether D.how4.Hedoesn,tknowtostayornot.A.if B.when C.whether D.how5.Thenews ourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.A.which B.if C.whether D.then值得注意的是：有些資料依然強調if不能與ornot搭配的問題。過去有過這樣的規定，只是在現代英語中，已經不再強調了市已。現在認乂if...ornot也可以接受。【考點五：wh-用和wh-ever的區別問題】一般認為，wh-詞在引導從句時，依然保留：很大部分的疑問詞的本色，所以，它們引導的從自在意思上應該表達的是一個“問題”，如：“誰？什么？何時？何地？為何？怎么？”等。而wh-ever已經沒有這層色彩，不再關心這樣的“問題”，而是充滿：讓步的意味，多有“無論??”之意。如：Thepolicewantedtoknowwhowillbenefitmostfromtheoldman’sdeath.警方想知道誰將從老人的去世中受益最多。Whoeverwillbenefitfromtheoldman’sdeathwillbequestionedbythepolice.能從老人的去世之中受益的所有人都將受到警方的盤問。Whowillbesenttohelpthepeopleinthefloodedareashasn’tbeenannounced.誰將被派往洪災區去救援還沒有宣布。Whoeverwillbesenttoworkinthefloodedareaswillsparenoefforttohelpthepeopleinneed.不管是誰被派往災區救援都會全力以赴地幫助災民。【考點六：nomatterwh-和wh-ever的區別問題】二者都有“無論…”之意。在引導讓步狀語從句時確實可以互換，沒有什么區別。但是，nomatterwh-只能引導狀語從句，不能引導名詞性從句。Wh-ever則二者兼收，來去自由。由此包含與被包含的關系決定，二者同時出現而必選其一時，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.（主語從句）Whoever/Nomatterwhobreakstherules,he/shewillbepunished.（狀語從句）Don,tbelievewhateverhetellsyou.（賓語從句）專業知識分享WORD格式整理 Don’tbelievehim,whatever/nomatterwhathetellsyou.（狀語從句）【考點二：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣問題】先看賓語從句的虛擬語氣。一般說來，如果從句作的是表示說話人某種觀點、態度或要求等語氣的動詞的賓語時，從句中要求用should+動詞原形的虛擬語氣（should經常可以省略）。這些動詞常見的有：desire,demand,require,request,order,propose,command,advise,suggest。如：例：Heinsistedthatshe（should）spendmoretimestudying.Hedemandedthatwe（should）beontime.Thebossrequiredthatallwaiters（should）keepstandingalldaylong.ThepublishinghousesuggestedthatI（should）typemybookout.有兩個特詞是高中老師不愿意錯過的。那就是suggest和insist。它們倆后面的賓語從句是否用虛擬語氣還要看具體語境來定.。如：ThedoctorsuggestedthatIhadacold。（這個suggest的意思是“解釋，說明"。后面不用虛擬語氣）Thebigsmilesonherfacesuggestedthatshehadpassedthetest.（這個suggest的意思是“表明”。后面不用虛擬語氣）ThedoctorsuggestedthatI（should）stayinbedforafewday.（這個suggest的意思是“建議”。后面用虛擬語氣）Theyoungmaninsistedthathewaswellenoughtoserveinthearmy.（這個insist堅持的是一個事實不是一種觀點。后面不用虛擬語氣）Thatyoungmaninsistedthatheshouldbesenttothefront.（這個insist堅持的是一種觀點，即“他應該被派往前線”。后面用虛擬語氣）以上是賓語從句中的虛擬語氣現象。如果是其他三種名詞性從句，只要和上述動詞有關，也享受同樣的待遇。如：Theheadquarters’suggestionisthatwe（should）waitforanotherfewdays.（語從自）Hisorderthatallthesoldiers（should）swimacrosstheriverwasrefused.（同位語從自）Itisstronglyrecommendedthatyou（should）takeataxi.（主語從句）另外，在下面這幾個特法的句型中，后面的主語從句也用虛擬語氣。Itisimportant/necessary/natural/awonder/essential（必要的）/suggestedthat…shoulddo…如：Itisimportantthatyou（should）beontime.Itisnecessarythatyou（should）exerciseregularly.Iwishthat…did….如：IwishIwereabird.IwishonedayIcouldliveonthemoon.I’dratherthat…did…如：dratheryoudidityourself.I’dratherIhadn’tlentyouthatbicycleyesterday.專業知識分享WORD格式整理【考點八：賓語從的反意疑問的問題】眾所周知，反意疑問是由子的謂語和主峰的代詞形式共同構成。如：Heisignorant,isnthe?Heisntstrong,ishe?但是，如果前面的子中含有濱峰從，怎么辦？答案是一定針對主的主峰、謂峰。如：Youknowheisignorant,dontyou?Itoldyouheisntstrong,didntI?有一種外，當主的主語是I,且謂語動詞是表示觀點的動詞如think,believe,suppose,expect,amafraid等時，就只能針對從反問。因為沒有人會對自己的觀點嗎」進反詰。如：Ithinkheisignorant,isnthe?Ibelieveheisntstrong,ishe?【考點九：it在名詞性從中的作用問題】代詞it的用法有很多。但近幾的高考關注的卻比較集中,即it作為普通回指代詞的用法和在名詞也從中作形式濱峰和形式主峰的用法。如：作形式主峰：Itworriedmeabitthathedidntphone.Itoccurredtomethatshemighthaveforgottenthedate.Itdoesntmatterwhenyouarrive——justcomewhenyoucan.Itwasntcleartoanyonewhyhedidntcome.Itwassurprisinghowmanyunhappymarriagesthereare.作形式濱峰：ImadeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.IfinditnecessarythatweshouldspendmoretimepractisingspokenEnglish.Ithinkitimportantthatweshouldkeepcalm.Donttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshoulddoeverythingforyou.Hedoesntwantittobeknownthathesgoingaway.Youmaydependuponitthatallthegoodswillbedeliveredintime.【考點十：主語從和強調型的混淆問題】從表面上看，it作形式主峰的主峰從有時候和強調型有些相似。如：Itisimpossiblethatwecanpersuadehimtojoinus.（主語從）ItiswithTomshelpthatwewereabletopersuadehimtojoinus.（強調型］）其實，強調型其實很簡單，即在Itis/was與that之間放上我們想要強調的某個子成分。大部分考題是考查that的選擇問題。即考查考生判斷某是否是強調型的問題。 這個看似容的問題在出題人的多種變化之下有時也會變得很人頭疼。下面是幾種常見的出題形式：1?基本式：Itwasonthetopofthemountainthatwemettheforeigntourist..一般疑問式：Wasitonthetopofthemountainthatyoumettheforeigntourist?專業知識分享WORD格式整理.特殊疑問句式：Wherewasitthatyoumettheforeigntourist??復合句式：Canyoutellmewhereitwasthatyoumettheforeigntourist?,套定語從句式：Itwasinthehousewhichwasbuiltbyhisfatherthathewasborn..套定語從句加省略式：——Wheredidyoumeettheforeigntourist?——Itwasinthehotelwherewelived(thatwemettheforeigntourist).判斷一個句子是否是強調句型是個關鍵。這里重要思路是當去掉強調句型、各個成分各歸其位以后，該句子是否還成立。下面幾個例子就不是強調句型：Itwasnotyetseveno’clockwhenhecamebacklastnight.因為，*Hecamebacklastnightnotyetsevenoclock.就不是個正確的句子。——IheardthatTomwasoncealmostdrowned.Whenwasthat?——Itwasin2000whenhewasswimminginapool.同理，*Hewasswimminginapoolin2000.從邏輯上看也不成立。因為，我們不可能一整年都在游泳。第三節 鞏固練習(-)、【夯實基礎】Americawaswascalled“India”byColumbus.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.theplace——I’dliketoinviteyoutoaconcertthisevening.——Thankyou,butI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.A.whileB.ifC.whenD.whetherIkeptlookingattheman,wondering.A.whetherIhaveseenhimbefore B.whereIhadseenhimbeforeC.thatIhadseenhimbefore D.whenIhadseenhimbeforeYouhavenotyetansweredmyquestionIcanjoininthepartytonight.A.whetherB.ifC.whichD.thatInformationhasbeenputforwardmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.asAcomputercanonlydoyouhaveinstructedittodo.A.howB.afterC.whatD.whenItisacommonbeliefteenagerstodayknowaboutcomputersandarefamiliarusingtheminallaspectsoflife.A.that;out B.what;with C.that;withD.what;aboutDon,tleavefortomorrowyoucandotoday.專業知識分享WORD格式整理A.ifB.whatC.thatD.unlessWasitbecauseitrainedyesterdayhedidn’tcome?A.whyB.whenC.thenD.thatalltheinventionshaveincommonistheyhavesucceeded.A.What;whatB.That;thatC.What;thatD.That;that——Whatclothesshouldweweartoattendtheball?——Dressyoulike.A.whatB.howeverC.whateverD.howhasriddenonarailwaytrainknowshowanothertrainflashesbywhenitistravelingintheoppositedirection.A.Anyonewho;rapidB.Whoever;rapidlyC.Anything;rapidD.Whatever;rapidlyWebelieveyouhavedevotedyourselfsuretocometrue.A.that;isB.allthat;tobeC.thatall;areD.what;toisYoumaygivethefilmtickettoyouthinkneedsit.A.nomatterwhoB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwhomWasitin1998,whenhewasstillatmiddleschool,thisboybecameexpertatcomputer?A.whichB.whereC.whenD.thatItwashecametoMacaoheknewwhatkindofplaceitwas.A.that;whenB.until;thatC.notuntil;whenD.notuntil;thatAllfinished,wesatdowntoenjoywethoughtthemostdeliciousdinner.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.itItwasnotuntilheexplaineditasecondtimeit.A.whenweunderstood B.thatweunderstoodC.didweunderstand D.thatdidweunderstandTheBeachesheldtheycalled“familyday”onceeachyear.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.when——Howdidhefailtheexamination?——Itwasbecausehewastoocarelesshemadesomanymistakes.A.thereforeB.thatC.sothatD.soInsomecountries,iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsfroallpeople.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.how——helpsotherswillbehelped.——SoI’llbethankfultoandtrytohelphashelpedus.A.Whoever;whomeverB.Whoever;whoeverC.Who;whoever D.Who;whomeverWhetherwayswillbefoundtostoppollutionornotisjustworriesthepublic.A.whyB.whichC.thatD.what專業知識分享WORD格式整理Itwasnotuntildarkhefoundhethoughtwasthecorrectwaytosolvetheproblem.A.that;whatB.that;thatC.when;whatD.when;thatThequestioncameupatthemeetingwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whethershewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.A.IfB.ThatC.WhenD.Becausewearedoinghasneverbeendonebefore.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.WhetherScientistsbelievenativeAmericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedSiberiaandmorethan10,000yearsago.A.thisisAlaska B.AlaskaisnowC.isnowAlaskaD.whatisnowAlaskaPleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee blackorwhite?A.what B.whereC.whichD.howManyworkerswereorganizedtoclearawayremainedoftheWorldTradecenter.A.those B.that C.what D.where（二）、【真題實戰一】mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.WhichChoosingtherightdictionarydependsonyouwanttouseitfor.A.what B.why C.how D.whethertisnoneofyourbusinessotherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.A.how B.what C.which D.whenparentssayanddohasalife-longeffectontheirchildren.A.That B.Which C.What D.AsWhynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’sthebestjobsare.A.whereB.whatC.when D.whyTheseasideheredrawsalotoftouristseverysummer.Warmsunshineandsoftsandsmake itis.A.what B.which C.how D.whereCouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSales,please?A?anyone B-someone C-whoever D-nomatterwhohereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.That B.What C.Whether D.WhereThetraditionalviewiswesleepbecauseourbrainis“programmed”tomakeusdoso.A.when B.why C.whetherD.that（三）、【真題實戰二】專業知識分享WORD格式整理 Wehaven’tsettledthequestionofitisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad.A.if B.where C.whetherD.thatSeetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.A.when B.which C.where D.whatPleaseremindmehesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.A.whereB.whenC.howD.what-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?-TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.A.when B.that 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