Section_ⅤProject[原文呈現(xiàn)][讀文清障]ThedevelopmentofChinesecharacters①TheChineselanguagediffersfrom②Westernlanguagesinthat③，insteadofanalphabet④，itusescharacters⑤whichstandfor⑥ideas,objectsordeeds⑦.Chinesewordsareformedbyputtingtogetherdifferentcharacters.Inmanycases⑧，asinglecharactercanalsomakeup⑨aword.ThehistoryoftheChineselanguagecanbeexaminedbylookingathowthesecharactersdeveloped.Chinesewritingeq\o(○,\s\up1(10))beganthousandsofyearsago.Accordingto?anancientstory,amannamedCangJie?invented?Chinesewriting.Onewinterdaywhilehewashunting?，hesawthetracks?ofanimalsinthesnowandobservedthattheappearance?ofeachonewasdifferent.Thenhehadtheidea?thathecouldusedifferentshapestorepresent?differentobjects.ThefirstChinesecharactersweredrawings?ofphysical?objects.Somecharactershavebeensimplifiedeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))andothershavebeenmademoredifficultovertimeeq\o(○,\s\up1(22)).However,asawholeeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))，thecharactershavedevelopedfromdrawingsintostandardforms.Thecharacterforamountainwasatfirstthreemountaintopseq\o(○,\s\up1(24))together.Thisbecameonemountaintopandthreelines,andovertimeturnedintothecharacterusednowadays.①Chinesecharacter漢字②differfrom和……不同，不同于differ/'dIf?(r)/vi.相異，有區(qū)別③inthat“在于，因為”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。④alphabet/'?lf?bet/n.(一種語言的)字母表，全部字母⑤which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾characters。⑥standfor代表，象征⑦deed/di?d/n.行為，行動⑧inmanycases在許多情況下⑨makeup構(gòu)成eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))writing/'raItI?/n.文字；文字作品?accordingto根據(jù)，是介詞短語，后跟名詞作賓語。?過去分詞短語namedCangJie是后置定語，修飾aman。?inventv．發(fā)明；創(chuàng)造；捏造discover發(fā)現(xiàn)?hunt/h?nt/vt.&vi.打獵，獵殺；搜尋?trackn．蹤跡?appearance/?'pI?r?ns/n.外觀，外貌?thathecould...是同位語從句，解釋說明idea的具體內(nèi)容。?represent/?reprI'zent/vt.代表；展示，描繪?drawing/'dr??I?/n.繪畫，繪畫藝術(shù)?physicaladj.有形的；實物的；物質(zhì)的；物理的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))simplify/'sImplIfaI/vt.簡化eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))overtime隨著時間的推移；久而久之eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))asawhole作為整體，總體上eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))mountaintopn．山頂漢字的發(fā)展[第1～2段譯文]漢語與西方語言不同，區(qū)別在于它不使用字母，而是用漢字表示思想、物體或行為。中文的詞語是通過把不同的漢字放在一起而組成的。在許多情況下，一個單字也能構(gòu)成一個詞。通過研究這些漢字是如何發(fā)展的就可以考察漢語的歷史了。漢字起源于數(shù)千年前。根據(jù)古代傳說，一位名叫倉頡的人發(fā)明了漢字。他在某個冬日打獵時，看到各種動物留在雪中的足跡，他發(fā)現(xiàn)足跡的外觀各不相同，接著他有了用不同形狀代表不同物體的想法。最初的漢字只是表現(xiàn)有形物體的圖畫。隨著時間的推移，一些漢字被簡化了，而另一些則變得更加復(fù)雜了。然而，總體看來，漢字已從圖畫發(fā)展成了標準形式。表示“山”的漢字最初是三座山峰并列，繼而變成了一座山峰和三條線，隨著時間的推移，最終演變成了現(xiàn)在使用的字形。Notalleq\o(○,\s\up1(25))charactersweredevelopedfromdrawingsofobjects.Sometimestoexpressideaseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))，somecharactersweremadebycombiningeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))twoormorecharacterstogether.Forexampleeq\o(○,\s\up1(28))，‘rest’wasmadeupofeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))thecharactersforamanandatree.Thecharacter‘prisoner’wasformedwitheq\o(○,\s\up1(30))a‘man’insideasquare.Othercharactersweredevelopedfordirectionsandnumbers.eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))Itiseasytodistinguisheq\o(○,\s\up1(32))theirmeaningsbylookingatthem,forexample,thecharactersfor‘up’and‘down’，eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))whichareoppositeseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))ofeachother.Thoughthesekindsofcharactersindicateeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))meanings,oneoftheirshortcomingseq\o(○,\s\up1(36))isthattheydonotshowhowtheyshouldbepronouncedeq\o(○,\s\up1(37)).Thereforeeq\o(○,\s\up1(38))，amethodwasdevelopedtohaveeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))onepartofacharacterindicatethemeaningandtheothersuggestthepronunciation.ManyChinesecharactersusedtodayeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))weremadethisway.Inthe1950seq\o(○,\s\up1(41))theChinesegovernmentintroducedsimplifiedChinesecharacterseq\o(○,\s\up1(42))andnowtheyhavewidespreaduseinChina'smainland.eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))Notall...是部分否定句式，意為“并不是所有的……都……”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))動詞不定式短語toexpressideas作目的狀語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))combine/k?m'baIn/vt.&vi.組合；(使)聯(lián)合combinesth.andsth.(together)使某物與另一物結(jié)合起來combinesth.withsth.把某物與另一物相混合eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))forexample例如eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))bemadeupof由……組成/構(gòu)成eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))beformedwith由……組成eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))it為形式主語，真正的主語是todistinguish...。eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))distinguish/dI'stI?ɡwI?/vt.區(qū)分，辨別；使具有某種特征eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))whichareopposites...是非限制性定語從句，修飾thecharactersfor‘up’and‘down’。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))oppositen．對應(yīng)物；對立面eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))indicate/'IndIkeIt/vt.顯示，表示；象征，暗示eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))shortcoming/'???tk?mI?/n.缺點，短處eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))pronouncev．發(fā)音eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))thereforeadv.因此；所以eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))havesb./sth.dosth.讓某人/某物做某事getsb./sth.todosth.讓某人/某物做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))usedtoday作后置定語，修飾characters。eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))inthe1950s在20世紀50年代eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))simplifiedChinesecharacters簡化漢字[第3～5段譯文]并非所有的漢字都是由用來描繪物體而發(fā)展的。有時為了表達想法，某些漢字由兩個或多個漢字聯(lián)合起來而創(chuàng)造的。比如，“休”是由表示“人”和“樹”的漢字組合而成的，“囚”字則是由人字位于框中構(gòu)成的。另一些漢字則用于表示方向和數(shù)字。通過看它們的字形，很容易區(qū)別它們的意思，比如漢字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。雖然這幾種類型的漢字能夠表意，但是它們的缺點之一是其字形不能顯示怎樣發(fā)音。因此便出現(xiàn)了一種應(yīng)對之策，即漢字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。今天使用的許多漢字便是用這種方式創(chuàng)造出來的。20世紀50年代，中國政府推廣簡化漢字，現(xiàn)在它們已在中國大陸全面普及。ThestoryofBrailleUsually,whenwetalkabout①reading,wethinkof②usingoureyestoseeletterswritteninink③④，thisisnotalwaystrue.Forexample,blindpeoplecannotsee,buttheycanstillreadbooks.Themanwhointroducedblindpeopletoreading⑤wasLouisBraille(1809－1852)．Braillelosthiseyesight⑥attheageof⑦threeasaresultof⑧aninjury.Whenhewasten,hewenttoaschoolfortheblind⑨inParis.Inthosedays,booksforblindpeopleusedpaperpressed⑩againstmetalwire?toformletters?.Sincethemetalwirewasheavy?，eachbookweighed?asmuchas?100pounds.Thewholesystemwasnotconvenient??，theschoollibraryonlyhadfourteensuchbooksinit.In1821,asoldiervisitedtheschoolandshowedthestudentsasystemforpassingmessagesatnightduringtimesofbattle?.Hissystemusedpaperwithsmall,raiseddotsthatcouldbefeltwiththefingers?.Eachletterofthealphabetwasrepresented?byadifferentpatterneq\o(○,\s\up1(21))whichconsistedofeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))twelvedotseq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Thesoldierswoulddrageq\o(○,\s\up1(24))theirfingersovertheraiseddotstoreadthemessage.①talkabout說到；談到②thinkof想到；考慮③ink/I?k/n.墨水，油墨④however是副詞，意為“然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。⑤who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾theroduce...to/into把……引入，介紹……到。⑥eyesight/'aIsaIt/n.視力⑦attheageof在……歲時⑧asaresultof由于；因為；作為……的結(jié)果⑨t(yī)heblind盲人；the＋adj.表示一類人，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。⑩press/pres/vt.(被)壓，擠，推，施加壓力n.報刊；新聞界；出版社；pressagainst壓在……上(壓住，施壓于)?wire/'waI?(r)/n.金屬絲；鐵絲網(wǎng)?動詞不定式短語toformletters作目的狀語。?since用作連詞，意為“因為”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。?weighv．重達；有……重量?asmuchas多達；和……一樣多?convenient/k?n'vi?nI?nt/adj.方便的beconvenientforsb.對某人來說方便?indeedadv.事實上；的確?battle/'b?tl/n.&vi.戰(zhàn)斗?withsmall...fingers作定語修飾paper；that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞dots。?representv．代表；表示eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))pattern/'p?tn/n.圖案，花紋；模式，方式eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))consistof由……組成/構(gòu)成，不用于進行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞pattern。eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))drag/dr?ɡ/vt.(使勁地)拖；拉布萊葉盲文的故事[第1～3段譯文]通常，當我們談到閱讀時，我們會想到用眼睛去看紙上墨水寫成的字母。然而，情況并不總是這樣的。比如，盲人無法看到東西，但他們?nèi)阅荛喿x書籍。將盲人領(lǐng)入閱讀世界的人是路易斯·布萊葉(1809—1852)。布萊葉在3歲時因為受傷而失明。10歲時，他進入巴黎的一所盲人學校就讀。那時候，盲人用書是用紙壓在金屬絲上來形成字母。因為金屬絲很重，所以每本書都會重達100磅。整個系統(tǒng)使用起來不方便。事實上，學校圖書館也只有14本這樣的書。1821年，一位士兵參觀學校并向?qū)W生們展示了一種戰(zhàn)時夜間傳遞信息的方法。他的方法是使用帶小凸點的紙張，這些小凸點可以用手指感覺出來。字母表里的每一個字母都由12個點組成的不同形狀來表示。因此士兵們可以用手指觸摸凸點來閱讀信息。Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier'sideainterestingeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))，thesystemwastoodifficulttoeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))beofpracticaleq\o(○,\s\up1(27))use.However,youngLouisBrailletooktheideaandworkedoneq\o(○,\s\up1(28))it.Attheageoffifteen,hecreatedasystemwithpatternsofsixraiseddotsrepresentingeachlettereq\o(○,\s\up1(29)).‘Braille’，thesystemforreadingusedtodaybyblindpeoplearoundtheworldeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))，wasthuseq\o(○,\s\up1(31))born.Theblindcaneasilyrecognizeeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))Braillewiththefingers.TheycanalsoeasilywriteinBraillewithaspecialtypewritereq\o(○,\s\up1(33)).Today,itisthemostcommonsystemusedbyblindpeopleforreadingandwritingeq\o(○,\s\up1(34))，andnearlyeverylanguage,includingChinese,hasitsownversioneq\o(○,\s\up1(35))ofBrailleforitspeopletouse.eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))too...to...太……而不能……eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))practical/'pr?ktIkl/adj.切實可行的，實用的ofpracticaluse意為“實用的”，一般來說，“of＋抽象名詞”相當于形容詞，常用作表語。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))workon從事eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))withpatternsofsixraiseddots...是由“with＋n.＋v.-ing形式”構(gòu)成的with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作后置定語，修飾asystem。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))aroundtheworld世界各地eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))thus/e?s/adv.以此方式，如此；因此，從而eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))recognizev．識別；認出；認識eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))typewriter/'taIpraIt?(r)/n.打字機eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))過去分詞短語usedbyblind...作定語，修飾system。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))version/'v???n/n.版本[第4～5段譯文]雖然學生們都覺得士兵的想法非常有趣，但這個方法太過復(fù)雜而不實用。然而年幼的路易斯·布萊葉采納了這個想法并著手完善它。15歲時，他創(chuàng)造出了可以由6個凸點來表示每個字母的體系。“布萊葉盲人點字法”，這一當今被全世界盲人廣泛使用的閱讀體系就此誕生了。盲人可以輕松地用手指辨別布萊葉盲文。他們也可以使用特殊的打字機，方便地用布萊葉盲文書寫。今天，布萊葉盲文是最為普及的盲人閱讀及書寫體系，幾乎每種語言，包括漢語，都有著自己的布萊葉盲文版本供盲人使用。Step1Readthetextandchoosethebestanswers.1．TheChineselanguageuses________whichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.A．a(chǎn)lphabets B．lettersC．characters D．drawings2．Thecharacterforamountainwasatfirst________.A．threemountaintopstogetherB．twomountaintopstogetherC．onemountaintopD．onemountaintopandthreelines3．________theChinesegovernmentintroducedsimplifiedChinesecharacters.A．ThousandsofyearsagoB．In1950C．In1905D．Inthe1950s4．In1821asoldiershowedthestudentsasystem________.A．usingpaperwithsmallraiseddotsB．ofpracticaluseC．onlyusedatmidnightD．widelyusedbytheblindsoldiers5．Thefirstpassageismainlytalkingabout________.A．howtheChinesecharacterswereinventedB．howtheChinesecharactershavedevelopedC．howtheChinesecharactershavebeeninfluencedbyWesternlanguagesD．howthesimplifiedChinesecharacterswereintroduced答案：1～5CADABStep2Fillineachblankwithonlyonewordaccordingtothetext.ThedevelopmentofChinesecharactersBriefintroduction●InChineselanguage,weusecharactersinsteadofanalphabet.●Mbiningdifferentcharacters.●Sometimesasinglecharactercanalsomakeupaword.Origin●CangJie,whowas2.inspiredbythetracksofanimalsinthesnow,inventedthefirstChinesecharacters.●Heuseddifferentshapesto3.representdifferentobjects.Different4.ways/methodsofformingcharacters●Somecharacterswere5.madeupoftwoormorecharacters.●Someweremadefordirectionsandnumbers.●Somecharactersconsistedoftwoparts,one6.indicating/suggestingthemeaningandtheotherthepronunciation.SimplifiedChinesecharactersIntroducedinthe1950sandcomingintowidespreadusenow.ThestoryofBrailleThe7.inventorofBrailleNameLouisBrailleExperiences●Losinghiseyesightattheageofthree8.duetoaninjury.●Goingtoschoolfortheblindatten.Formation●Itsdevelopmentwas9.basedonasoldier'sidea.●Beingasystemwithpatternsofsixraiseddotswhichstandforeachletter.AdvantagesBeing10.easy/practicalfortheblindtorecognizewiththefingersandwritewithaspecialtypewriter.一、這樣記單詞記得準·寫得對記得快·記得多Ⅰ.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1.deedn．行為，行動2.writingn.文字，文字作品3.huntv.打獵，獵殺；搜尋4.representvt.代表；展示；描繪5.distinguishvt.區(qū)分，辨別；使具有某種特征6.shortcomingn.缺點，短處7.eyesightn.視力8.patternn.圖案，花紋；模式，方式9.dragvt.拖，拉10.thusadv.以此方式，如此；因此，從而11.versionn.版本Ⅱ.拓展詞匯1.differvi.相異，有區(qū)別→differencen．差別，不同→differentadj.不同的，有差別的→differentlyadv.不同地，有差別地2.appearancen．外觀，外貌→appearvi.出現(xiàn)；出場3.drawingn．繪畫，繪畫藝術(shù)→drawv．繪畫，畫4.simplifyvt.簡化→simplificationn．簡化→simpleadj.簡單的5.combinevt.&vi.組合；(使)聯(lián)合→combinationn．組合6.indicatevt.顯示，表示；象征，暗示→indicationn．征兆，跡象；指示→indicatorn．指示者；指示器，顯示器7.pressvt.(被)壓，擠，推，施加壓力n．報刊；新聞界；出版社→pressuren.壓力；擠壓；壓強；壓迫(感)8.convenientadj.方便的→conveniencen．方便，便利→inconvenientadj.不方便的9.practicaladj.切實可行的，實用的→practicallyadv.講究實際地；從實際出發(fā)地→practicen．實際；練習；慣例；實習→practisev．實踐；實習，練習1.“-ing”結(jié)尾的名詞集合①heading標題②reading閱讀；讀物③ending結(jié)局，結(jié)尾④finding發(fā)現(xiàn)，調(diào)查的結(jié)果⑤being人，生物；存在⑥spelling拼寫，拼法⑦learning知識，學問⑧saying諺語，言論⑨writing文字，文字作品⑩drawing繪畫，繪畫藝術(shù)2.不怕“缺點，短處”多①shortcoming缺點，短處②disadvantage缺點，劣勢③weakness弱點，缺點④fault缺點，毛病⑤drawback缺點，不足之處⑥weakpoint缺點，弱點3.含詞根“press”的單詞①impress使印象深刻②express表達，特快③depress壓下，使沮喪④repress抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓⑤compress壓縮4.語境巧記convenient派生詞YoucanvisitprofessorLiwhenitisconvenient,thatis,athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.你可以在方便時拜訪李教授，也就是說在他方便的時候。他家就在車站附近，很方便。二、這樣記短語記牢固定短語多積常用詞塊1.differfrom與……不同，不同于2．a(chǎn)sawhole作為整體，總體上3．standfor代表，象征4．insteadof代替，而不是5．turninto變成6．thinkof想到7．a(chǎn)saresultof由于8．a(chǎn)ttheageof在……歲時9．workon忙于，努力改善1.Chinesewriting漢字2．thousandsofyearsago數(shù)千年前3．a(chǎn)mannamedCangJie一個名叫倉頡的人4．bylookingatthem通過看一下它們5．bemadethisway用這種方法造出來6．a(chǎn)schoolfortheblind一所盲人學校7．writtenininkonpaper用墨水寫在紙上的8．beofpracticaluse實用9．inthe1950s二十世紀五十年代三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat,insteadofanalphabet,itusescharacterswhichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.漢語與西方語言不同，區(qū)別在于它不使用字母，而是用漢字表示思想、物體和行為。inthat意為“因為”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，但不能放于句首。Shewasfortunatein_thatshehadfriendstohelpher.她很幸運，因為有朋友幫她。2.Notallcharactersweredevelopedfromdrawingsofobjects.并不是所有的漢字都是由用來描繪物體而發(fā)展的。Notall...“并非全都……”，表示部分否定。Not_allbirdsflyawaytothesouthinwinter.冬天不是所有的鳥都飛往南方。e,amethodwasdevelopedtohaveonepartofacharacterindicatethemeaningandtheothersuggestthepronunciation.因此便出現(xiàn)了一種應(yīng)對之策，即漢字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。havesth.dosth.“使某物做某事”。Ifyoucan'tworkoutthisproblem,youcanhave_your_brother_help_you.如果你解不出這道題，你可以讓你的兄弟幫助你。4.Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier'sideainteresting,thesystemwastoodifficulttobeofpracticaluse.雖然學生們都覺得士兵的想法非常有趣，但這個方法太復(fù)雜而不實用。beof＋n.相當于“be＋adj.”的用法。Basicresearchis_of_great_importanceinallscientificfields.在各個科學領(lǐng)域里，基礎(chǔ)研究是非常重要的。1．(教材P38)TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat,insteadofanalphabet,itusescharacterswhichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.漢語與西方語言不同，區(qū)別在于它不使用字母，而是用漢字表示思想、物體和行為。differvi.相異，有區(qū)別(1)AandBdiffer(fromeachother) A與B不同differfromsb./sth.insth. 與某人/某物在某方面不同differwith...on... 在……上與……不同(2)differentadj. 不同的，有差異的bedifferentfrom...in... 在……方面與……不同(3)differencen. 不同，差別tellthedifferencebetweenAandB 區(qū)別A與B，說出A與B的區(qū)別makea/some/little/nodifference 有/有些/幾乎沒有/沒有影響①Thingsintheworlddifferfromeachotherinathousandways.世界上的事物千差萬別。②MybrotherandIarealikeinappearance,butdifferinourtastes.我們兄弟倆長得很像，但愛好卻不相同。③Wedifferwithyouropiniononthatpoint.在那一點上我們和你持不同意見。④AmericanEnglishissignificantlydifferent(differ)fromBritishEnglish.美國英語與英國英語有很大差異。⑤Jim,canyoutellthedifference(differ)betweenthispictureandthatone?吉姆，你能說出這幅圖畫和那幅圖畫的不同嗎？⑥Onefalsestepwillmakeagreatdifference.失之毫厘，謬以千里。standfor代表，象征；主張，支持；忍受寫出下列各句中standfor的含義。①CouldyoutellmewhatVOAstandsfor？代表②Peopleusuallyeatmooncakeswhichstandforahappyreunion.象征③IwanttoknowwhatshestandsforbeforeIvoteforher.支持，主張④Iamnotstandingforitanylonger.忍受[名師點津]與stand相關(guān)的其他短語：①standby 袖手旁觀；支持，忠于②standout 出色，杰出；顯眼，突出③standback 往后站，退后④standup 起立，站立；經(jīng)得起⑤standaside 站到一邊，置身事外⑥standfor 代表；支持，主張⑦standupfor 支持，維護2．(教材P38)Thenhehadtheideathathecouldusedifferentshapestorepresentdifferentobjects.接著他有了用不同形狀代表不同物體的想法。representvt.代表；展示；描述；聲稱(1)represent...tosb. 向某人描繪……representsth./oneselfas/tobe 把……描繪成，自稱是……represent...todosth. 代表……做某事(2)representationn. 代表；描繪；陳述(3)representativeadj. 典型的，有代表性的n. 代表，代理人①ThispicturerepresentsasceneatKingArthur'scourt.這幅畫描繪了亞瑟王法庭的一個場面。②Letmerepresentmyideastoyouinanotherway.讓我用另一種方法向你說明我的想法。③Theyoungrepresentedhimselfas/to_bealawyer.那個年輕人聲稱自己是律師。[名師點津]represent用來表示“代表某人/團體/政府等”，也可以表示“把某人/某物描繪成……”；standfor指字母、圖形或符號代表或象征某人/某物。3．(教材P38)However,asawhole,thecharactershavedevelopedfromdrawingsintostandardforms.然而，總體看來，漢字已從圖畫發(fā)展為標準字形。asawhole作為整體，總體上onthewhole總的說來；大體上；基本上thewholeof全部的……；全體的……；所有的……①Wemustconsiderthesemattersasawhole.我們必須從整體上考慮這些事情。②Ianalysedhiswordsas_a_whole.我是把他的言論作為一個整體來分析的。③Myopinionison_the_wholethesameasyours.我的意見大體上同你的差不多。[名師點津]asawhole“作為一個整體；整體來說，總體上”，側(cè)重于表示所有部分都已考慮；onthewhole與generally同義，表示“大體上，總的來說”，多用來表示并非百分之百的意思。4．(教材P38)Sometimestoexpressideas,somecharactersweremadebycombiningtwoormorecharacterstogether.有時為了表達想法，某些漢字由兩個或更多的漢字聯(lián)合起來而創(chuàng)造的。combinevt.&vi.組合；(使)聯(lián)合；使結(jié)合；兼?zhèn)?1)combineAand/withB 把A和B結(jié)合/聯(lián)合；兼有combinetodosth. 聯(lián)(結(jié))合起來做某事combineagainst... 為反抗……而聯(lián)合(2)combinationn. [U]聯(lián)合；結(jié)合；[C]混合體，結(jié)合體incombinationwith 與……聯(lián)合/結(jié)合(3)combinedadj. 聯(lián)合的，結(jié)合的①Theteacheraskedustocombinethetwoshortsentencestomakeanewsentence.老師讓我們把這兩個短句合成一個新的句子。②Weconsideritnecessaryto_combine(combine)workwithrest.我們認為勞逸結(jié)合是必要的。③Effortsandconfidencecombineto_make(make)afullman.努力與信心結(jié)合造就完人。④Hecarriedonthebusinessincombinationwithhisfriends.他與朋友們合伙做生意。[名師點津]combine不與together連用。5．(教材P38)Itiseasytodistinguishtheirmeaningsbylookingatthem,forexample,thecharactersfor‘up’and‘down’，whichareoppositesofeachother.通過看它們的字形，很容易區(qū)別它們的意思，比如漢字“上”和“下”，其字形恰好相反。distinguishvt.區(qū)分，辨別；使具有某種特征(1)distinguishbetween...and... 區(qū)別/辨別……和……distinguish...from... 使……有別于……，使……具有區(qū)別于……的 特征distinguishoneself 使出眾；使著名(2)bedistinguishedfrom 與……不同，有別于bedistinguishedby 以……為特征(3)distinguishedadj. 著名的，杰出的，高貴的bedistinguishedfor/as 因(作為)……而著稱①Icouldnotdistinguishherwords,butshesoundedveryexcited.我聽不清她說的話，但聽得出她非常激動。②Atwhatagearechildrenabletodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong?兒童到什么年齡才能明辨是非呢？③Thetwinsaresoalikethatitisdifficulttodistinguishonefromtheother.這對孿生兒長得很像，很難分辨出誰是誰。④Hedistinguishedhimselfbyhisperformanceintheexamination.他在考試中成績優(yōu)異，因而顯得突出。⑤Themalebirdisdistinguishedfromthefemalebyitsredbeak.雄鳥有別于雌鳥，其喙呈紅色。⑥Hangzhouisdistinguishedforitsbeautifulscenery.杭州因其風景秀麗而著稱。6．(教材P38)Thoughthesekindsofcharactersindicatemeanings,oneoftheirshortcomingsisthattheydonotshowhowtheyshouldbepronounced.雖然這幾種類型的漢字能夠表意，但是它們的缺點之一是其字形不能顯示怎樣發(fā)音。indicatevt.顯示，表示；象征，暗示(1)indicatesth.tosb. 向某人指出某物indicatethat... 表明/標示……indicatewh-todo... 表明/指出/標示……(2)indicationn. 顯示；表明；跡象indicativeadj. 指示的；暗示的①Asignpostindicatedtherightroadforustofollow.一個路標給我們指出應(yīng)走的正確的路。②Shetookoutamapandindicatedthequickestroutetous.她拿出一張地圖，給我們指出最快捷的路線。③Theresearchindicates(indicate)thatitmayraisethespeedofdrawingandsimplifytheprocess.研究表明，此法可以提高成圖速度，簡化過程。④Indications(indicate)arethatthesituationhasn'timprovedmuch.跡象表明，情況并未有大的改觀。7．(教材P39)Inthosedays,booksforblindpeopleusedpaperpressedagainstmetalwiretoformletters.在那時，盲人用書是用紙壓在金屬絲上來形成字母。pressvt.(被)壓，擠，推，施加壓力；敦促；逼迫n．報刊；新聞界；出版社(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(presssb.todosth.,pressodoingsth.)) eq\a\vs4\al(敦促/催促/,強迫某人做某事)pressone'swaythrough 從……中擠過去presssth.onsb. 把……強加于某人(2)atpress/inthepress 在印刷中，即將出版(3)pressedadj. 加壓的，緊張的pressingadj. 緊迫的，迫切的(4)pressuren. 壓力，壓迫①Thelittlegirlpressedhernoseagainsttheshopwindow.小女孩把她的鼻子緊貼在商店櫥窗上。②Theyarepressingusto_make(make)aquickdecision.他們正在敦促我們迅速做出決定。③Hepressedhiswaythroughthecrowd.他從人群中擠了過去。④Thisyoungwriterhasalreadypublishedtwonovels,andthethirdisatpress.這位年輕作家已經(jīng)出版了兩部小說，第三部正在排印。8．(教材P39)Thewholesystemwasnotconvenientforuse.整個系統(tǒng)用起來不方便。convenientadj.方便的(1)beconvenientto/for 對于……是方便的Itisconvenientforsb.todosth. 做某事對某人來說是方便的(2)conveniencen. [U]便利，方便[C]便利的事物forconvenience 為了方便起見atone'sconvenience 在某人方便的時候①MayIcomeandtalkwithyouwheneverit'sconvenient?在你方便時我能來和你談?wù)剢幔竣贗livejustbythemarket,andit'sveryconvenientto_go(go)shopping.我家就住在商場旁邊，買東西很方便。③Pleasesendmeanansweratyourconvenience.請你在方便時給我回信。[名師點津]convenient作表語時，不可用人作主語，要用事物作主語或用it來充當形式主語。1．TheChineselanguagediffersfromWesternlanguagesinthat,insteadofanalphabet,itusescharacterswhichstandforideas,objectsordeeds.漢語與西方語言不同，區(qū)別在于它不使用字母，而是用漢字表示思想、物體和行為。本句為雙重主從復(fù)合句，inthat引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句，意為“因為”，該原因狀語從句中又包含which引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：(1)because/as 由于，因為(2)since/when/nowthat 既然，因為(3)seeingthat/consideringthat/giventhat考慮到，既然，因為①ThenewsystemisbetterinthatitprovidesfasteraccesstotheInternet.新系統(tǒng)更好是因為它的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接速度更快。②Agasdiffersfromasolidinthatithasnodefiniteshape.氣體不同于固體的是它沒有固定的形態(tài)。③Isaidnothingaboutitbecausehiswifewasthere.因為他妻子在那兒，我對此事只字未提。④Seeing/Considering/Given_thatit'srainingoutside,we'dbetterstayindoors.考慮到外面在下雨，我們最好待在室內(nèi)。2．Therefore,amethodwasdevelopedtohaveonepartofacharacterindicatethemeaningandtheothersuggestthepronunciation.因此便出現(xiàn)了一種應(yīng)對之策，即漢字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。句中have是使役動詞，構(gòu)成“have＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語是onepartofacharacter和theother，賓補是indicatethemeaning和suggestthepronunciation。have作使役動詞的用法：(1)have＋賓語＋do... 讓……做……(2)have＋賓語＋doing... 讓……一直做……或處于做……的狀態(tài)(3)have＋賓語＋doneeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(①表示讓別人做……,②表示主語遭遇……,③表示主動完成……))①Thedoctorhadmetakeexercisefortwohourseveryday.醫(yī)生讓我每天鍛煉兩個小時。②HewasbusywhenIvisitedhimandhadmewaiting(wait)forhalfanhour.我拜訪他時，他正好忙著，讓我等了半小時。③TomorrowIwillhavemycarrepaired(repair)．明天，我要去修車。④Ihadmywalletstolen(steal)whileIwasonthesubway.乘地鐵時，我的錢包被偷了。3．Whilethestudentsfoundthesoldier'sideainteresting,thesystemwastoodifficulttobeofpracticaluse.雖然學生們都覺得士兵的想法非常有趣，但這個方法太復(fù)雜而不實用。句中beofpracticaluse屬于“be＋of＋n.(抽象名詞)”結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)of＋抽象名詞＝該名詞相對應(yīng)的形容詞。如：of(great)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(value,importance,use,help,interest))＝(very)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(valuable,important,useful,helpful,interesting))(2)of后加表示度量、種類、形狀、顏色等的名詞，可用來描述人或事物的特征，在句子中可作表語或定語。如：of...size/weight/height/depth/length/age/colour/shape/kind/type①Thedictionaryisofgreatusetous.這本詞典對我們很有幫助。②Thisisanissueofgreatimportancetoalldisabledpeople.＝Thisisavery_importantissuetoalldisabledpeople.這個問題對于所有殘疾人至關(guān)重要。③Wedon'tthinkthereisanythingof_interestinyourpictures.我們認為你的畫并沒有什么有趣的地方。④Thetwoboysare_of_the_same_age,_butareofdifferentheights.這兩個男孩年齡相同，但身高不同。[名師點津]“of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，抽象名詞前可用any,some,little,no,notmuch,great等形容詞修飾，用以說明其程度；“of＋名詞(表示度量、大小、顏色、類別等)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞前常用a(n),thesame,this,that,all,different等詞修飾或說明。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Ibelieveifeveryonemakesalittleeffort,wecanmakeabigdifference(differ)．2．What'smore,sherepresentedtheschoolto_attend(attend)theEnglishDebating.3．Asawhole,Ithinkthecountrylifeismuchbetterforpeople'shealththanthecitylife.4．Personally,teamworkmeansweshouldtrytocombineourideaswithothers'.5．Thetwinslookedsoalikethatwecouldn'tdistinguishtheonefromtheother.6．Thenumberstaysnearlythesame,indicating(indicate)thatreadingremainsanimportantwaythatpeopleacquireknowledgeorfindinformation.7．Theshoepressing(press)againstmyfootneedstobemended.8．Itseemswomenarenowmoreattractedtotheconvenience(convenient)ofonlineshopping.Ⅱ.完成句子1．我的處境有點尷尬，因為他要到10號才來。(inthat)I'minaslightlyawkwardpositionin_that_he's_not_arriving_until_the_10th.2．他們打算多栽些樹。(havesth.done)Theyaregoingtohave_some_more_trees_planted.3．常去圖書館對你的學習有很大的幫助。(beof＋n.)Goingtolibraryoftenis_of_much_helptoyourstudy.4．并非人人都喜歡這本書。(not的部分否定用法)Not_everyonelikesthisbook.5．水是一種清澈的液體，有許多用途。(which非限制性定語從句)Water,which_is_a_clear_liquid,_hasmanyuses.一、全練語言點，基穩(wěn)才能樓高[本課語言點針對練習]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1．Hewashighlythoughtofbecauseofhisbravedeed(行為)．2．Wehumanbeingshaveourstrengthsaswellasshortcomings(缺點)．3．MymethodforstudyingEnglishdiffers(區(qū)別)fromyourscompletely.4．Theresultsindicated(顯示)thatthesilkwormsatdifferentgrowingstageshadabout20proteins.5．Itishardtodistinguish(辨別)himfromhistwinbrother.6．Shehasneverbeengreatlyconcernedaboutherappearance(外貌)．7．Isitconvenient(方便的)foryoutopostthisletter?8．Trytosimplify(簡明)yourexplanationforthechildren.9．Sherepresented(代表)herfellowworkersattheunionmeeting.10．Weshouldlearntocombine(結(jié)合)ourbusinesswithpleasure.Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Dialectsaroundtheworlddifferineachotherinsomeways.第一個in改為from2．Hegaveasignrepresentedvictoryandallofusfeltexcited.represented→representing3．Thispart-timejobcanhelpstudentstocombinetheirknowledgetopractice.第二個to改為with4．Heisdistinguishedashissenseofhumor.as→for5．Withanodofhishead,heindicatedmewhereIshouldsit.indicated后加to6．Suddenlypressedtogivingananswer,Ifoundmyselfataloss.giving→give7．It'sconvenientlyforustobuythingsfromtheInternet.conveniently→convenient8．Thisbookisdifferentfromthatbookinwhichthisoneisaboutchemistryandthatoneabouthistory.which→thatⅢ.選詞填空distinguish...from；differfrom；inthat；beconvenientfor；asawhole1．Chinesediffers_fromEnglishinpronunciation.2．Theboyisoldenoughtodistinguishrightfromwrong.3．Sheislateforworkin_thatthetrafficisbadtoday.4．Thefilescanbedealtwithas_a_whole.5．Pleasesendmeyouranswerwhenitis_convenient_foryou.[本單元語言點溫故練習]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Asthecollegeentranceexaminationisdrawingnear,weseniorhighschoolstudentsareoccupied(occupy)withreviewingfortheexams.2．CanadaisaNorthAmericancountryconsisting(consist)oftenprovincesandthreeterritories.3．ItdelightedmealotthatIhadmadeacontributiontothesuccessoftheGamesandbroughthappinesstoothers.4．Heresignedfromofficeanddevotedhimselfentirely(entire)topaintingathome.5．Itishightimethatwethrewawaythephoneandraised(raise)ourheadsup.6．Ifyouhaveanyconcerns(concern),pleasefeelfreetocontactormeetus.7．SincetheE-readingroomcanhold200students,Ithinkitshouldbeaccessible(access)toallthestudents.8．NotonlydidJoetakethejoke,buthemanagedtodealwiththeembarrassing(embarrass)situation.9．Hewaswritingapoemwhenhewas_interrupted(interrupt)byaknockatthedoor.10．Peopleareoftenmistaken(mistake)inthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehighEQsaswell.Ⅱ.完成句子1．那就是越來越多的中國人對學習英語感興趣的原因。That's_whymoreandmorepeopleinChinaareinterestedinlearningEnglish.2．她數(shù)學學得好，而我則擅長語文。Shedoeswellinmathwhile_I'm_good_at_Chinese.3．他們領(lǐng)我們參觀了農(nóng)場，我們在那里看到了許多漂亮的花。Theyshowedusaroundthefarmwhere_we_saw_many_beautiful_flowers.4．看起來他準備過馬路。It_seemed_thathewasreadytocrosstheroad.5．只有你有信念，你才能被帶向成功，即使一路上有很多困難。Onlyifyouhaveabeliefwill_you_be_guided_to_success,_even_though_there_is_muchdifficultyalongtheway.二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧Ⅰ.閱讀理解LearningEnglishcansometimesseemlikeadifficultthingtodo—thegrammarcanbeveryconfusingandspokenEnglishseemstobechangingallthetime.But,itisnotashardasitseemsandthemostimportantthingforanylearnertoachieveisconfidencewiththelanguage.IfstudentsarenervousaboutusingEnglishorworriedaboutmakingmistakes,theywon'tfeellikepract