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國務(wù)院新聞辦公室6日發(fā)表《中國的和平發(fā)展》白皮書。全文如下：

中國的和平發(fā)展

國務(wù)院新聞辦公室

2011年9月

目錄

一、中國和平發(fā)展道路的開辟

二、中國和平發(fā)展的總體目標(biāo)

三、中國和平發(fā)展的對外方針政策

四、中國和平發(fā)展是歷史的必然選擇五、中國和平發(fā)展的世界意義China’sPeacefulDevelopmentInformationOfficeoftheStateCouncil

ThePeople’sRepublicofChinaSeptember2011,BeijingContentsI.ThePathofChina’sPeacefulDevelopment:WhatItIsAbout

II.WhatChinaAimstoAchievebyPursuingPeacefulDevelopment

III.China’sForeignPoliciesforPursuingPeacefulDevelopment

IV.China’sPathofPeacefulDevelopmentIsaChoiceNecessitatedbyHistory

V.WhatChina’sPeacefulDevelopmentMeanstotheRestoftheWorld在世界的東方，中國這個擁有13億多人口的文明古國，正在現(xiàn)代化道路上闊步前行。世界對中國的關(guān)注集中起來就是，中國選擇了一條什么樣的發(fā)展道路，中國的發(fā)展對世界意味著什么？SituatedintheEast,China,acountrywithanancientcivilizationandapopulationofover1.3billion,ismakingbigstridesinitsadvancetowardmodernization.WhatpathofdevelopmenthasChinachosen?WhatwillChina’sdevelopmentbringtotherestoftheworld?Theseissuesarethefocusofthewholeworld.中國多次向世界宣示，中國始終不渝走和平發(fā)展道路，在堅持自己和平發(fā)展的同時，致力于維護(hù)世界和平，積極促進(jìn)各國共同發(fā)展繁榮。在進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)第二個十年和中國共產(chǎn)黨成立90周年之際，中國再次向世界鄭重宣告，和平發(fā)展是中國實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化和富民強(qiáng)國、為世界文明進(jìn)步作出更大貢獻(xiàn)的戰(zhàn)略抉擇。中國將堅定不移沿著和平發(fā)展道路走下去。Chinahasdeclaredtotherestoftheworldonmanyoccasionsthatittakesapathofpeacefuldevelopmentandiscommittedtoupholdingworldpeaceandpromotingcommondevelopmentandprosperityforallcountries.Atthebeginningoftheseconddecadeofthe21stcenturyandontheoccasionofthe90thanniversaryofthefoundingoftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC),ChinadeclaredsolemnlyagaintotheworldthatpeacefuldevelopmentisastrategicchoicemadebyChinatorealizemodernization,makeitselfstrongandprosperous,andmakemorecontributiontotheprogressofhumancivilization.Chinawillunswervinglyfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopment.

一、中國和平發(fā)展道路的開辟在5000多年文明發(fā)展歷程中，中國各族人民以自己的勤勞智慧，創(chuàng)造了璀璨的中華文明，締造了統(tǒng)一的多民族國家。中華文明具有獨特的延續(xù)性、包容性、開放性。在長期對外交往中，中華民族努力學(xué)習(xí)借鑒其他民族的長處，自強(qiáng)不息，為人類文明進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。I.ThePathofChina’sPeacefulDevelop-ment:WhatItIsAboutOverthepast5,000years,peopleofallethnicgroupsinChina,withdiligenceandwisdom,havecreatedasplendidcivilizationandbuiltaunifiedmulti-ethniccountry.TheChinesecivilizationhasauniquefeatureofbeingenduring,inclusiveandopen.TheChinesenationhasendeavoredtolearnfromothernationsandimproveditselfthroughcenturiesofinteractionswiththerestoftheworld,makingmajorcontributiontotheprogressofhumancivilization.19世紀(jì)中葉，西方列強(qiáng)用炮艦打開中國封閉的門戶，內(nèi)憂外患導(dǎo)致中國逐步成為半殖民地半封建社會，國家積貧積弱、戰(zhàn)亂不已，民不聊生。在民族存亡的危急關(guān)頭，無數(shù)仁人志士前仆后繼，苦苦追尋變革救亡之路。Inthemid-19thcentury,WesternpowersforcedopenChina’sdoorwithgunboats.InternalturmoilandforeignaggressiongraduallyturnedChinaintoasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalsociety.Thecountrybecamepoorandweak,andthepeoplesufferedfromwarsandchaos.Facingimminentdangerofnationalsubjugation,onegenerationofpatriotsafteranotherfoughthardtofindawaytoreformandsavethenation.1911年的辛亥革命，結(jié)束了統(tǒng)治中國幾千年的君主專制制度，激勵中國人民為爭取民族獨立和國家富強(qiáng)而斗爭。然而，這些探索和斗爭都未能改變中國半殖民地半封建的社會性質(zhì)和中國人民的悲慘命運。中國共產(chǎn)黨肩負(fù)民族的期望，帶領(lǐng)中國人民進(jìn)行了艱苦卓絕的奮斗，于1949年建立了中華人民共和國，實現(xiàn)了民族獨立、人民解放，開創(chuàng)了中國歷史新紀(jì)元。TheRevolutionof1911putanendtothesystemofmonarchywhichhadruledChinaforseveralthousandyears,andinspiredtheChinesepeopletostruggleforindependenceandprosperity.However,sucheffortsandstrugglefailedtochangethenatureofChinaasasemi-colonialandsemi-feudalsociety,orlifttheChinesepeopleoutofmisery.Livinguptothepeople’sexpectation,theCPCledthemincarryingoutarduousstruggle,andfinallyfoundedthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949.ThismarkedtherealizationofChina’sindependenceandliberationofitspeopleandusheredinanewepochinChina’shistory.新中國成立60多年特別是改革開放30多年來，中國一直致力于探索符合本國國情和時代要求的社會主義現(xiàn)代化道路。雖然歷經(jīng)曲折，中國人民卻孜孜以求、與時俱進(jìn)，不斷總結(jié)汲取本國及其他國家發(fā)展的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，不斷深化對人類社會發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識，不斷推動社會主義制度自我完善和發(fā)展。通過艱苦努力，中國找到了一條符合自身國情的發(fā)展道路，這就是中國特色社會主義道路。InthepastsixdecadesandmoresincethefoundingofNewChina,andparticularlysincetheintroductionofthereformandopening-uppoliciesin1978,theChinesegovernmenthasworkedhardtoexploreapathofsocialistmodernizationthatconformstoChina’sconditionsandthetrendofthetimes.Overcomingdifficultiesandsetbacks,theChinesepeoplehaveadvancedwiththetimes,drawnonbothexperienceandlessonsfromthedevelopmentofChinaitselfandothercountries,deepenedunderstandingofthelawsgoverningthedevelopmentofhumansociety,andpromotedtheself-improvementandgrowthofthesocialistsystem.Througharduousstruggle,theChinesepeoplehavesucceededinfindingapathofdevelopmentconformingtoChina’sreality―thepathofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.從更寬廣的世界歷史視野看，和平發(fā)展道路歸結(jié)起來就是：既通過維護(hù)世界和平發(fā)展自己，又通過自身發(fā)展維護(hù)世界和平；在強(qiáng)調(diào)依靠自身力量和改革創(chuàng)新實現(xiàn)發(fā)展的同時，堅持對外開放，學(xué)習(xí)借鑒別國長處；順應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展潮流，尋求與各國互利共贏和共同發(fā)展；同國際社會一道努力，推動建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。這條道路最鮮明的特征是科學(xué)發(fā)展、自主發(fā)展、開放發(fā)展、和平發(fā)展、合作發(fā)展、共同發(fā)展。Viewedinthebroader,globalandhistoricalcontext,thepathofpeacefuldevelopmentmaybedefinedasfollows:Chinashoulddevelopitselfthroughupholdingworldpeaceandcontributetoworldpeacethroughitsowndevelopment.Itshouldachievedevelopmentwithitsowneffortsandbycarryingoutreformandinnovation;atthesametime,itshouldopenitselftotheoutsideandlearnfromothercountries.Itshouldseekmutualbenefitandcommondevelopmentwithothercountriesinkeepingwiththetrendofeconomicglobalization,anditshouldworktogetherwithothercountriestobuildaharmoniousworldofdurablepeaceandcommonprosperity.Thisisapathofscientific,independent,open,peaceful,cooperativeandcommondevelopment.——科學(xué)發(fā)展。科學(xué)發(fā)展就是尊重并遵循經(jīng)濟(jì)社會和自然發(fā)展規(guī)律，牢牢扭住經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設(shè)，一心一意謀發(fā)展，不斷解放和發(fā)展社會生產(chǎn)力。―Scientificdevelopment.Scientificdevelopmentmeansrespectingandfollowingthelawsgoverningthedevelopmentofeconomy,societyandnature,focusingondevelopmentandfreeinganddevelopingtheproductiveforces.中國把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的重要指導(dǎo)方針，堅持把發(fā)展作為黨執(zhí)政興國的第一要務(wù)，堅持以人為本，堅持全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，堅持統(tǒng)籌兼顧。堅持以人為本，始終尊重人權(quán)和人的價值，不斷滿足人民日益增長的物質(zhì)文化需要，走共同富裕道路，促進(jìn)人的全面發(fā)展，做到發(fā)展為了人民、發(fā)展依靠人民、發(fā)展成果由人民共享。ChinatakestheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentasanimportantprincipleguidingeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andgivestopprioritytodevelopmentingoverningandrejuvenatingthecountrybytheParty.Itputspeoplefirst,promotescomprehensive,balanced,andsustainabledevelopment,andtakesallfactorsintoconsiderationwhenmakingbalancedoverallplans.Inputtingpeoplefirst,theChinesegovernmentalwaysrespectshumanrightsandhumanvaluesandworkstomeettheever-growingmaterialandculturalneedsofthepeopleandpromoteprosperityforall.Itstrivestoadvancetheall-rounddevelopmentofman,toensurethatdevelopmentisforthepeople,bythepeopleandwiththepeoplesharingitsfruits.堅持全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，全面推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、政治建設(shè)、文化建設(shè)、社會建設(shè)以及生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，促進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)各個環(huán)節(jié)、各個方面相協(xié)調(diào)。堅持統(tǒng)籌兼顧，正確認(rèn)識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業(yè)中的重大關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展、區(qū)域發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展、人與自然和諧發(fā)展、國內(nèi)發(fā)展和對外開放。Inpromotingcomprehensive,balanced,andsustainabledevelopment,theChinesegovernmentpromotescomprehensiveeconomicdevelopmentaswellaspolitical,culturalandsocialprogressandecologicalimprovement,andcoordinateddevelopmentofalllinksandaspectsofthemodernizationdrive.Inmakingbalancedoverallplans,theChinesegovernmentseekstoidentifyandproperlyhandlethemajorrelationshipsinthecauseofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandmaintainbalancebetweenurbanandruraldevelopment,developmentofdifferentregions,economicandsocialdevelopment,manandnature,anddomesticdevelopmentandopeningtotheoutsideworld.——自主發(fā)展。中國這樣人口眾多的發(fā)展中大國歸根結(jié)底要靠自己的力量來發(fā)展。中國始終堅持獨立自主，把國家發(fā)展的基點和重心放在國內(nèi)，注重從本國國情出發(fā)，主要依靠自身力量和改革創(chuàng)新推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展，不把問題和矛盾轉(zhuǎn)嫁給別國。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化大背景下，中國只有堅持自主發(fā)展，才能更有效地參與國際分工，才能更好地同世界各國開展互利合作。―Independentdevelopment.Asapopulousdevelopingcountry,Chinamustrelyonitselfinpursuingdevelopment.Chinamaintainsindependence,focusesondomesticdevelopment,actsinkeepingwithitsnationalconditions,carriesoutreformandinnovationforeconomicandsocialdevelopmentthroughitsownefforts,anditdoesnotshiftproblemsanddifficultiesontoothercountries.Intheeraofeconomicglobalization,onlybypursuingindependentdevelopmentcanChinamoreeffectivelyparticipateininternationaldivisionoflabor,andpromotemutuallybeneficialcooperationwithothercountries.——開放發(fā)展。中國從自身發(fā)展經(jīng)驗中深刻認(rèn)識到，不能關(guān)起門來搞建設(shè)。中國把改革開放作為一項基本國策，把對內(nèi)改革和對外開放結(jié)合起來，把堅持獨立自主同參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化結(jié)合起來，把繼承中華民族優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)同學(xué)習(xí)借鑒人類社會一切文明成果結(jié)合起來，把國際國內(nèi)兩個市場、兩種資源結(jié)合起來，以開放的姿態(tài)融入世界，不斷拓展對外開放的廣度和深度，加強(qiáng)同世界各國交流合作，完善內(nèi)外聯(lián)動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。中國對外開放的大門絕不會關(guān)上，開放水平只會越來越高。―Opendevelopment.Chinahaslearnedfromitsdevelopmentcoursethatitcannotdevelopitselfwithitsdoorclosed.Takingreformandopening-upasabasicpolicy,Chinabothcarriesoutdomesticreformandopensitselftotheoutsideworld,bothpursuesindependentdevelopmentandtakespartineconomicglobalizationandbothcarriesforwardthefinetraditionsoftheChinesenationanddrawsonallthefineachievementsofothercivilizations.Itcombinesboththedomesticmarketandforeignmarketsandusesbothdomesticresourcesandforeignresources.Chinaintegratesitselfwiththerestoftheworldwithanopenattitude,expandsanddeepenstheopening-upstrategy,andstrengthensexchangesandcooperationwithothercountries.Itstrivestobuildanopeneconomicsystemwhichensuresbetterlinkageswiththeglobaleconomy,mutuallybeneficialcooperationaswellassecurityandefficiency.Chinawillnevercloseitsdoortotheoutsideworld,andwillopenitselfincreasinglywider.——和平發(fā)展。中華民族是愛好和平的民族，中國人民從近代以后遭受戰(zhàn)亂和貧窮的慘痛經(jīng)歷中，深感和平之珍貴、發(fā)展之迫切，深信只有和平才能實現(xiàn)人民安居樂業(yè)，只有發(fā)展才能實現(xiàn)人民豐衣足食，把為國家發(fā)展?fàn)I造和平穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境作為對外工作的中心任務(wù)。同時，中國積極為世界和平與發(fā)展作出自己應(yīng)有的貢獻(xiàn)，絕不搞侵略擴(kuò)張，永遠(yuǎn)不爭霸、不稱霸，始終是維護(hù)世界和地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定的堅定力量。―Peacefuldevelopment.TheChinesenationlovespeace.Fromtheirbittersufferingsfromwarandpovertyinmoderntimes,theChinesepeoplehavelearnedthevalueofpeaceandthepressingneedofdevelopment.Theyseethatonlypeacecanallowthemtoliveandworkinprosperityandcontentmentandthatonlydevelopmentcanbringthemdecentliving.Therefore,thecentralgoalofChina’sdiplomacyistocreateapeacefulandstableinternationalenvironmentforitsdevelopment.Inthemeantime,Chinastrivestomakeitsduecontributiontoworldpeaceanddevelopment.Itneverengagesinaggressionorexpansion,neverseekshegemony,andremainsastaunchforceforupholdingregionalandworldpeaceandstability.——合作發(fā)展。國際社會始終會存在競爭和矛盾。各國應(yīng)該在良性競爭中取長補(bǔ)短，不斷尋找合作機(jī)會，擴(kuò)大合作領(lǐng)域，拓展共同利益。中國堅持以合作謀和平、以合作促發(fā)展、以合作化爭端，同其他國家建立和發(fā)展不同形式的合作關(guān)系，致力于通過同各國不斷擴(kuò)大互利合作，有效應(yīng)對日益增多的全球性挑戰(zhàn)，協(xié)力解決關(guān)乎世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和人類生存進(jìn)步的重大問題。―Cooperativedevelopment.Therearealwayscompetitionandconflictsininternationalrelations.Eachcountryshoulddrawonothers’meritstooffsetitsownweaknessthroughfaircompetition,findopportunitiesforcooperation,expandareasofcooperation,andimprovecommoninterests.Chinausescooperationasawaytopursuepeace,promotedevelopmentandsettledisputes.Itseekstoestablishanddevelopcooperativerelationshipsofdifferentformswithothercountriesandeffectivelymeetgrowingglobalchallengesbyconstantlyexpandingmutuallybeneficialcooperationwithothercountries,andworkswiththemtosolvemajorproblemsthataffectworldeconomicdevelopmentandhumansurvivalandprogress.——共同發(fā)展。當(dāng)今世界各國相互依存日益加深，只有實現(xiàn)世界各國共同發(fā)展，讓更多人分享發(fā)展成果，世界和平穩(wěn)定才有堅實基礎(chǔ)和有效保障，世界各國發(fā)展才可以持續(xù)。因此，中國堅持奉行互利共贏的開放戰(zhàn)略，堅持自身利益與人類共同利益的一致性，在追求自身發(fā)展的同時努力實現(xiàn)與他國發(fā)展的良性互動，促進(jìn)世界各國共同發(fā)展。中國真誠期待同世界各國并肩攜手，實現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展繁榮。―Commondevelopment.Countriesarebecomingincreasinglyinterdependent.Onlywhencommondevelopmentofallcountriesisrealizedandmorepeoplesharethefruitofdevelopment,canworldpeaceandstabilityhaveasolidfoundationandbeeffectivelyguaranteed,andcandevelopmentbesustainableinallcountries.Therefore,Chinaunswervinglyfollowsastrategyofopening-upandmutualbenefit.Itpursuesbothitsowninterestsandthecommoninterestsofmankindandworkstoensurethatitsowndevelopmentandthedevelopmentofothercountriesaremutuallyreinforcing,thuspromotingthecommondevelopmentofallcountries.Chinasincerelyhopestoworkwithothercountriestorealizecommondevelopmentandprosperity.沿著和平發(fā)展道路，中國經(jīng)歷了廣泛而深刻的變革，取得了顯著的發(fā)展成就，為世界繁榮穩(wěn)定作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，與世界更加緊密地聯(lián)系在一起。Thankstoitspursuitofpeacefuldevelopment,Chinahasunder-goneprofoundchanges.Ithasmaderemarkableachievementsindevelopment,mademajorcontributiontoworldprosperityandsta-bility,andismorecloselylinkedwiththerestoftheworld.實現(xiàn)綜合國力大幅度提升。經(jīng)濟(jì)總量從1978年到2010年翻了四番多，達(dá)到5.88萬億美元，占世界的比重從1.8%增加到9.3%。中國現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)更加堅實，工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、市場化、國際化深入發(fā)展，社會主義建設(shè)事業(yè)全面推進(jìn)。China’soverallstrengthhasgrownconsiderably.Itstotaleco-nomicoutputreachedUS$5.88trillionin2010,over16timesthatof1978,risingto9.3%oftheworld’stotalfrom1.8%in1978.ThematerialbasisforChina’smodernizationdrivehasbecomemoresolid;steadyprogresshasbeenmadeinturningChinaintoanindustrialized,information-based,urbanized,market-orientedandinternationalizedcountry,andthecauseofsocialistdevelopmentisbeingadvancedinallrespects.人民生活實現(xiàn)從溫飽不足到總體小康的歷史跨越，人均國民總收入相當(dāng)于世界平均水平的比例從2005年的24.9%提高到2010年的46.8%。實現(xiàn)從高度集中的計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的偉大歷史轉(zhuǎn)折，形成公有制為主體、多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)共同發(fā)展的基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，市場在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)性作用明顯增強(qiáng)，宏觀調(diào)控體系日臻完善。覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系逐步建立，文化、教育、科技、衛(wèi)生、體育等社會事業(yè)全面發(fā)展。TheChinesepeople,onceinadequatelyfedandclad,areleadingadecentlifeonthewhole―ahistoricbreakthrough.TheshareofChina’spercapitaincomecomparabletotheworldaveragegrewfrom24.9%in2005to46.8%in2010.AhistorictransformationfromahighlycentralizedplannedeconomytoadynamicsocialistmarketeconomyhasbeenachievedinChina.Abasiceconomicsysteminwhichpublicownershiptakestheleadanddifferenteconomicownershipsgrowsidebysidehascomeintobeing.Themarketplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinallocatingresources,andthesystemofmacroeconomicregulationisimproving.Asocialsecuritysystemcoveringbothurbanandruralresidentsistakingshape,andculture,education,scienceandtechnology,healthcare,sportsandothersocialprogramsareflourishing.實現(xiàn)從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉(zhuǎn)折。從建立經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)到開放沿海、沿江、沿邊、內(nèi)陸地區(qū)，從引進(jìn)外資到鼓勵中國企業(yè)對外投資，從敞開國門搞建設(shè)到加入世界貿(mào)易組織，中國參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，對外開放水平不斷提高。AhistorictransformationturningChinafromaclosedorsemi-closedstatetoonefeaturingall-roundopeninguphasbeenrealized.Withthesettingupofspecialeconomiczones,openingofcoastalareas,regionsalongthemajorriversandthebordersandinlandareastotheoutsideworld,absorbingforeigninvestmentandmakingChineseinvestmentoverseas,andentryintotheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahastakenanactivepartineconomicglobalizationandregionaleconomiccooperation,anditsopening-uphassteadilydeepened.進(jìn)出口總額從1978年的206億美元增加到2010年的29740億美元。1979年至2010年，累計使用外商直接投資10483.8億美元。迄今同163個國家和地區(qū)建立了雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作機(jī)制，簽署10個自由貿(mào)易區(qū)協(xié)定，同129個國家簽署雙邊投資保護(hù)協(xié)定，同96個國家簽署避免雙重征稅協(xié)定，成為貿(mào)易和投資自由化便利化的積極實踐者。Thecountry’stotalimportandexportvolumegrewfromUS$20.6billion-worthin1978toUS$2.974trillion-worthin2010.Utilizedforeigndirectinvestmentfrom1979to2010totaledUS$1.04838trillion.Chinamaintainsbusinessandtradetieswith163countriesandregions.Ithassignedtenfree-trade-zoneagreements,bilateralinvestmenttreatieswith129countries,anddoubletaxationavoidanceagreementswith96countries.AllthisshowsthatChinaisactivelypromotingliberalizationandfacilitationoftradeandinvestment.中國根據(jù)加入世界貿(mào)易組織的承諾逐步降低關(guān)稅，關(guān)稅總水平從加入世貿(mào)組織前的15.3%降到目前的9.8%，并取消了大多數(shù)非關(guān)稅措施。中國積極構(gòu)建總體穩(wěn)定、均衡發(fā)展、互利共贏的大國關(guān)系框架，促進(jìn)形成機(jī)遇共享、共同發(fā)展的周邊合作局面，鞏固并加強(qiáng)了同發(fā)展中國家傳統(tǒng)友誼和團(tuán)結(jié)合作，與各國相互依存、利益交融日益加深，與世界各國交流合作更加廣泛。TohonoritscommitmentstotheWTO,Chinahasreduceditstotaltariffratefrom15.3%beforeitsentryintotheWTOtothepresent9.8%,andabolishedmostnon-tariffmeasures.Chinahasbeenworkingtobuildaframeworkinwhichitsrelationswithothermajorcountriesaregenerallystableandmutuallybeneficialanddevelopinabalancedway,andwhichensuresthatChinaanditsneighborsshareopportunitiesanddeveloptogether.Ithasstrengthenedtraditionalfriendship,solidarityandcooperationwithotherdevelopingcountries.Chinaisbecomingincreasinglyinterdependentwithothercountries;itismorecloselylinkedwiththemintermsofinterests,anditsexchangesandcooperationwithothercountriesarebecomingmoreextensivethaneverbefore.為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。2001年加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來，中國年均進(jìn)口近7500億美元商品，相當(dāng)于為相關(guān)國家和地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了1400多萬個就業(yè)崗位。過去10年，在華外商投資企業(yè)從中國累計匯出利潤2617億美元，年均增長30%。2000年至2010年，中國非金融類年度對外直接投資從不足10億美元增加到590億美元，有力促進(jìn)了有關(guān)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。2009年境外中資企業(yè)實現(xiàn)境外納稅106億美元，聘用當(dāng)?shù)貑T工43.9萬人。中國近年來對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率均達(dá)到10%以上。在1997年亞洲金融危機(jī)引起周邊國家和地區(qū)貨幣大幅貶值情況下，中國保持人民幣匯率基本穩(wěn)定，為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展作出了貢獻(xiàn)。2008年國際金融危機(jī)發(fā)生后，中國積極參與二十國集團(tuán)等全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理機(jī)制建設(shè)，推動國際金融體系改革，參與各國宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，參與國際貿(mào)易融資計劃和金融合作，組織大型采購團(tuán)赴海外采購，向陷入困境的國家伸出援手。中國認(rèn)真落實聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)，成為全球唯一提前實現(xiàn)貧困人口減半國家，并根據(jù)自身能力積極開展對外援助。截至2009年底，中國累計向161個國家、30多個國際和區(qū)域組織提供了2563億元人民幣的援助，減免50個重債窮國和最不發(fā)達(dá)國家債務(wù)380筆，為發(fā)展中國家培訓(xùn)人員12萬人次，累計派出2.1萬名援外醫(yī)療隊員和近1萬名援外教師。中國積極推動最不發(fā)達(dá)國家擴(kuò)大對華出口，并已承諾對所有同中國建交的最不發(fā)達(dá)國家95%的輸華產(chǎn)品給予零關(guān)稅待遇。Chinahasmadeimportantcontributiontothestabledevelop-mentoftheworldeconomy.SinceitsentryintotheWTOin2001,ChinahasimportedgoodsworthnearlyUS$750billioneveryyear,andcreatedover14millionjobsforthoseexportingcountriesandregions.Overthepastdecade,foreign-fundedcompaniesinChinahaveremittedatotalofUS$261.7billionofprofits,withanannualincreaseof30%.From2000to2010,China’sannualnon-financialdirectoverseasinvestmentgrewfromlessthanUS$1billiontoUS$59billion,thusboostingtheeconomicdevelopmentintherecipientcountries.In2009,overseasChina-investedcompaniespaidtaxesworthUS$10.6billion,andemployed439,000localpeople.Chinahascontributedover10%toworldeconomicgrowtheveryyearinrecentyears.In1997whentheAsianfinancialcrisiscausedadramaticdevaluationofcurrenciesincountriesandregionsclosetoit,ChinasucceededinkeepingtheRMBexchangeratebasicallystable,contributingtoregionaleconomicstabilityanddevelopment.Sincetheinternationalfinancialcrisiseruptedin2008,ChinahastakenanactivepartintheG20’seffortstobuildaglobaleconomicgovernancemechanism,promotedthereformoftheinternationalfinancialsystem,gotinvolvedinmulti-countrymacroeconomicpolicycoordination,andparticipatedininternationaltradefinancingschemesandfinancialcooperation.Ithassentlargeoverseaspurchasingmissionsandhelpedcountriesindifficulties.ChinaconscientiouslymeetstheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsoftheUnitedNations,andistheonlycountryintheworldthathashalvedthenumberofpeoplelivinginpovertyaheadofschedule.Inaddition,Chinaprovidesassistancetoothercountriesandregionsasitscapacitypermits.Bytheendof2009,ChinahadgivenassistanceworthRMB256.3billionto161countriesandover30internationalandregionalorganizations,reducedandcanceled380debtsincurredby50heavilyindebtedpoorcountriesandleast-developedcountries,trained120,000peopleforotherdevelopingcountries,andsent21,000medicalpersonnelandnearly10,000teachersabroadtohelpothercountries.Chinaencouragestheleast-developedcountriestoexpandexportstoChinaandhaspledgedzerotarifftreatmenttoover95%oftheexportstoChinabyalltheleast-developedcountrieswhichhavediplomaticrelationswithChina.為維護(hù)世界和平、應(yīng)對全球性挑戰(zhàn)發(fā)揮重要作用。中國是唯一公開承諾不首先使用核武器、不對無核武器國家和無核武器區(qū)使用或威脅使用核武器的核國家。中國累計向聯(lián)合國30項維和行動派出各類人員約2.1萬人次，是派出維和人員最多的聯(lián)合國安理會常任理事國。中國積極參與反恐、防擴(kuò)散領(lǐng)域國際合作，向遭受嚴(yán)重自然災(zāi)害的國家提供人道主義援助并派出救援隊，為打擊海盜行為向亞丁灣、索馬里海域派遣海軍護(hù)航編隊。中國參加了100多個政府間國際組織，簽署300多個國際公約，成為國際體系的參與者、建設(shè)者和貢獻(xiàn)者。中國是最早制定并實施《應(yīng)對氣候變化國家方案》的發(fā)展中國家，也是近年節(jié)能減排力度最大、新能源和可再生能源研發(fā)速度最快的國家之一。中國為應(yīng)對國際和地區(qū)熱點問題發(fā)揮了建設(shè)性作用，在朝核問題、伊朗核問題等熱點問題上堅持勸和促談，推動形成朝核問題六方會談機(jī)制。中國同12個陸地鄰國解決了歷史遺留的邊界問題，堅持通過對話談判處理同鄰國領(lǐng)土和海洋權(quán)益爭端，以建設(shè)性姿態(tài)提出“擱置爭議、共同開發(fā)”的主張，盡最大努力維護(hù)南海、東海及周邊和平穩(wěn)定。中國通過開展雙邊合作并參與區(qū)域次區(qū)域合作，致力于促進(jìn)亞太地區(qū)共同發(fā)展繁榮。Chinaplaysanimportantroleinsafeguardingworldpeaceandmeetingglobalchallenges.Chinaistheonlynuclear-weaponcountrythathaspubliclystatedthatitwillnotbethefirsttousenuclearweapons,oruseorthreatentousenuclearweaponsagainstnon-nuclear-weaponstatesornuclear-weapon-freezones.Chinahasdispatchedabout21,000personnelon30UNpeacekeepingmissions,whichisthehighestnumberamongthepermanentmembersoftheUNSecurityCouncil.Chinatakesanactivepartininternationalcooperationinanti-terrorismandnonproliferation.ItprovideshumanitarianaidanddispatchesrescueteamstocountrieshitbyseverenaturaldisastersanddeploysnavalescortfleetstocombatpiracyintheGulfofAdenandoffthecoastofSomalia.Chinaisamemberofover100intergovernmentalinternationalorganizations,apartytoover300internationalconventions,andanactiveparticipantinbuildingtheinternationalsystem.ChinaisthefirstdevelopingcountrytoformulateandimplementtheNationalClimateChangeProgram.Itisalsooneofthecountrieswhichhavemadethegreatesteffortsinenergysavingandemissionreductionandwhichhavemadethefastestprogressindevelopingnewandrenewableenergysourcesinrecentyears.Chinahasplayedaconstructiveroleinaddressinginternationalandregionalhotspotproblems.Forinstance,itcallsforresolvingtheKoreannuclearissue,theIraniannuclearissueandotherhotspotissuesthroughpeacefultalks,andhashelpedtoestablishtheSix-PartyTalksmechanismontheKoreannuclearissue.Chinahassettledhistoricalboundaryissueswith12landneighbors.Itcallsforsettlingdisputesoverterritoryandmaritimerightsandinterestswithneighboringcountriesthroughdialogueandnegotiation.Forinstance,Chinahasmadeaconstructiveproposalto“shelvedisputesandseekjointdevelopment”anddoneitsutmosttoupholdpeaceandstabilityintheSouthChinaSea,EastChinaSeaandthesurroundingareas.ChinaseekstopromotecommondevelopmentandprosperityintheAsia-Pacificregionbypursuingbilateralcooperationandparticipatinginregionalandsub-regionalcooperation.新中國成立以來特別是改革開放30多年的發(fā)展歷程表明，中國是國際社會的重要成員，是推動國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序朝著更加公正合理方向發(fā)展并努力作出貢獻(xiàn)的國家。China’sdevelopmentsinceNewChinawasfoundedin1949andparticularlysincethereformandopening-uppolicieswereintroducedin1978showsthatChinaisanimportantmemberoftheinternationalcommunitywhichhascontributeditsduesharetobringingaboutamorejustandequitableinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

二、中國和平發(fā)展的總體目標(biāo)中國和平發(fā)展的不懈追求是，對內(nèi)求發(fā)展、求和諧，對外求合作、求和平。具體而言，就是通過中國人民的艱苦奮斗和改革創(chuàng)新，通過同世界各國長期友好相處、平等互利合作，讓中國人民過上更好的日子，并為全人類發(fā)展進(jìn)步作出應(yīng)有貢獻(xiàn)。這已經(jīng)上升為中國的國家意志，轉(zhuǎn)化為國家發(fā)展規(guī)劃和大政方針，落實在中國發(fā)展進(jìn)程的廣泛實踐中。II.WhatChinaAimstoAchievebyPur-suingPeacefulDevelopmentChina’soverallgoalofpursuingpeacefuldevelopmentistopro-motedevelopmentandharmonydomesticallyandpursuecooperationandpeaceinternationally.Specifically,thismeansthatChinawillendeavortomakelifebetterforitspeopleandcontributetohumanprogressthroughhardwork,innovationandreformcarriedoutbytheChinesepeopleandgrowinglong-termfriendlyrelationsandpromotingequalityandmutually-beneficialcooperationwithothercountries.Thishasbecomeanationalcommitmentwhichismanifestinstrategiesfornationaldevelopment,andprogressmadeinthecourseofChina’sdevelopment.實現(xiàn)國家現(xiàn)代化和人民共同富裕是中國和平發(fā)展的總體目標(biāo)。20世紀(jì)70年代末實行改革開放后，中國制定并實施了“三步走”的現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。第一步，實現(xiàn)國民生產(chǎn)總值比1980年翻一番，解決人民溫飽問題。第二步，到20世紀(jì)末實現(xiàn)國民生產(chǎn)總值再翻一番，人民生活達(dá)到小康水平。這兩步目標(biāo)已經(jīng)實現(xiàn)。第三步，到本世紀(jì)中葉中華人民共和國成立100年時，人均國民生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國家水平，人民生活比較富裕，基本實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，建成富強(qiáng)民主文明和諧的社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家。“三步走”目標(biāo)的核心任務(wù)是，提高人民物質(zhì)文化生活水平，實現(xiàn)富民與強(qiáng)國的統(tǒng)一。同時，要隨著綜合國力的不斷增強(qiáng)，履行相應(yīng)的國際責(zé)任和義務(wù)。ToachievemodernizationandcommonprosperityforthepeopleistheoverallgoalofChina’spursuitofpeacefuldevelop-ment.Followingtheintroductionofthepoliciesofreformandopening-uptotheoutsideworldinthelate1970s,Chinaadoptedandimplementedathree-stepstrategyforachievingmodernization.ThefirststepwastodoubletheGNPof1980andensurepeople’sbasiclivingneeds.Thesecondstepwastoredoubletheoutputof1980andachieveinitialprosperitybytheendofthe20thcentury.Thegoalsofthesetwostepshavebeenmet.ThethirdstepaimstomakethepercapitaGNPreachthelevelofthatofthemedium-developedcountries,bringaboutgeneralprosperity,basicallyrealizemodernizationandbuildChinaintoarich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmoniousandmodernsocialistcountrybythe100thanniversaryofthePeople’sRepublicofChinainthemid-21stcentury.Thecentralgoalofthisthree-stepdevelopmentstrategyistoimprovepeople’smaterialandculturallives,andmakethepeoplerichandthecountrystrong.Meanwhile,asitscomprehensivestrengthincreases,Chinawillshouldercorrespondinginternationalresponsibilitiesandobligations.全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會是中國和平發(fā)展的中長期目標(biāo)。到2020年，中國將全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會，使中國成為工業(yè)化基本實現(xiàn)、綜合國力顯著增強(qiáng)、國內(nèi)市場總體規(guī)模位居世界前列的國家，成為人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活質(zhì)量明顯改善、生態(tài)環(huán)境良好的國家，成為人民享有更加充分民主權(quán)利、具有更高文明素質(zhì)和精神追求的國家，成為各方面制度更加完善、社會更加充滿活力而又安定團(tuán)結(jié)的國家，成為對外更加開放、更加具有親和力、為人類文明作出更大貢獻(xiàn)的國家。Tobuildasocietyofhigher-levelinitialprosperityinanall-roundwaywhichbenefitsoveronebillionChinesepeopleisthemedium-andlong-termgoalofChina’spursuitofpeacefuldevel-opment.By2020,Chinawillhavebuiltasocietyofhigher-levelini-tialprosperityinanall-roundwaythatbenefitstheoveronebillionChinesepeople.ThiswillmakeChinaacountrywhichhasbasicallyrealizedindustrialization,significantlyincreaseditscomprehensivenationalstrengthandtakentheleadintheworldintermsofthetotalsizeofthedomesticmarket.ThegenerallivingstandardandqualityoflifeoftheChinesepeoplewillberaised,andthecountry’snaturalenvironmentwillbewellprotected.TheChinesepeoplewillenjoyfulldemocraticrights,arebettereducatedandpursuecommonaspirations.China’ssocialsystemandinstitutionswillbefurtherimproved,theChinesesocietywillbemoredynamic,stableandunified,andChinawillbeamoreopenandengagingcountryandcontributemoretohumancivilization.實現(xiàn)“十二五”規(guī)劃是中國和平發(fā)展的近中期目標(biāo)。在全面建設(shè)小康社會目標(biāo)指引下，《中華人民共和國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展第十二個五年規(guī)劃綱要》確立了“十二五”時期(2011—2015年)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)思想、總體思路、目標(biāo)任務(wù)和重大舉措。今后5年，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展將堅持以科學(xué)發(fā)展為主題、以加快轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式為主線，主要目標(biāo)是：經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略性調(diào)整取得重大進(jìn)展，科技教育水平明顯提高，資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)成效顯著，人民生活持續(xù)改善，社會建設(shè)明顯加強(qiáng)，改革開放不斷深化。經(jīng)過全國人民共同努力奮斗，使轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式取得實質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，綜合國力、國際競爭力、抵御風(fēng)險能力顯著提高，全面建成小康社會的基礎(chǔ)更加牢固。同時，中國將積極開展國際交流合作，擴(kuò)大和深化同各方利益匯合點，促進(jìn)各國共同發(fā)展。ToimplementtheTwelfthFive-YearPlanof