閱讀與寫作(7)名詞性從句法律法規類 法律法規是維護社會正常秩序的重要保障，只有樹立了正確的法律意識才能保障他人的正當的權利，因此，此類文章也是高考中常涉及到的。美文賞析Notlongago，self-drivingcarsseemedlikesciencefiction①.ButGoogleisnowoperatingso-calledautonomous②carsinCaliforniaandNevada.Butonequestionisgettinglittleattention：shouldself-drivingcarsbelegal？Andiftheyare，howwillthelawsofdrivinghavetoadapt？Atpresentallourrulesaboutdrivingarebasedonhavingahumanbehindthewheel③.CarcrashesarealeadingcauseofdeathforAmericansages4to34.Supporters_believe_that_self-driving_cars_can_make_driving_safer_by_eliminating_distracted(注意力分散的)driving_and_other_human_mistakes.Google's

self-drivingcarshavecamerasonthetoptolookaroundthemandcomputerstodothedriving.Inthefirst300,000miles，Googlereportedthatitscarshadnothadasingleacci-dent.Asself-drivingcarsbecomemorecommon，therewillbemanynewlegalquestions.Ifaself-drivingcargetsintoanaccident，thehumanwhois“co-piloting(副駕駛)”maynotbefullyatfault—hemayevenbeaninjuredparty.Whoshouldberesponsibleforthetrafficaccident？Thehumanintheself-drivingcarorthecar'smanufacturer？Newlawswillhavetobewrittentosortallthisout.Howinvolvedarewegoingtoexpectthehumanco-pilottobe？Mustthe“drivers”remainvigilant④，theirhandsonthewheelandtheireyesontheroad？Ifnot，whataretheyallowedtodoinsideoroutsidethecar？Canthehumaninthecardrink？Text-message？Readabook?AtthesigningceremonyforCalifornia'sself-driving-carlaw，GovernorJerryBrownwasaskedwhoisresponsiblewhenaself-drivingcarrunsaredlight.Heanswered：“Idon'tknow—whoeverownsthecar，Iwouldthink.”Butwewillworkthatout.Thatwillbetheeasiestthingtoworkout.Google's

Brinjoked，“Self-drivingcarsdon'trunredlights.”Neitheranswerissufficient⑤.Should

self-drivingcarsbelegal，theywerelikelytostartshowingupfasterandingreaternumbersthanpeopleexpect.Butifthatisthecase，weneedtostartthinkingaboutthelegalquestionsnow.【解題導語】本文為議論文。最近美國的加利福尼亞州和內華達州通過立法，允許無人駕駛汽車在這兩個州行駛。作者認為在無人駕駛汽車普及之前，我們應該修改交通法規。一、閱讀與積累1．攻克疑難詞匯 ①sciencefiction科幻小說 ②autonomousadj.有自立能力的，自主的 ③behindthewheel在駕駛(汽車等) ④vigilantadj.警惕的，警醒的 Pleaseremainvigilantatalltimesandreportanythingsuspicious.請隨時保持警惕，遇到可疑情況隨時報告。 ⑤sufficientadj.足夠的，充分的 Wecantrusthimifthereissufficientevidence. 如果有足夠的證據，我們會相信他。2．攻克疑難句 Shouldself-drivingcarsbelegal，theywerelikelytostartshowingupfasterandingreaternumbersthanpeopleexpect.結構分析本句為主從復合句。主句是theywerelikelytostartshowingupfasterandingreaternumbers。Shouldself-drivingcarsbelegal相當于Ifself-drivingcarsshouldbelegal，是一個虛擬條件狀語從句。than引導一個比較狀語從句。嘗試翻譯

如果無人駕駛汽車合法的話，它們可能會比人們預料的更快更猛地增長。二、理解與書面表達1．理解文章主旨 Thepassagemainlytellsussomething_about_self-driving

_cars.2．理解與書面表達 文中畫線的句子是屬于名詞性從句中的________從句。答案賓語3．精通句式：名詞性從句 (1)說明：名詞性從句是重要的語法項目之一，也是寫作中常用的高級表達之一。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 (2)例句感悟： ①Thatyoudidn'tknowtheruleswon'tbeanexcuseforyourfailuretoreport. ②—YouknowIgaveupthejobasawaiterandwenttothatlittlecompany. —That'swhereyou'vemadeamistake.Thatcompanyisn'twellmanaged.③Thequestionwasputforwardatthemeetingwhetherwehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.④Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhecomestomypartyornot.(3)用名詞性從句翻譯下列句子①大家都知道Andy是位有名的作家。沒有人知道她來自何處。她是否出生于1961年仍然是個謎。______________________________________________

②大家對她了解的是窮人都喜歡她，因為她總是幫助那些急需錢的人。______________________________________________

③Andy很慷慨而且樂于助人但有些人認為她想出名。______________________________________________

④Andy說她不明白為什么他們那么心胸狹窄，但別人怎么想對她無所謂，她想做自己認為正確的事的想法

不會改變。______________________________________________

⑤我認為那就是生命意義之所在。______________________________________________

答案①EveryoneknewthatAndywasafamouswriter.Nooneknewwhereshecamefrom.Whethershewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.②Whattheydidknowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedwhoeverwasinneedofmoney.③Andywasgenerousandhelpful，butsomepeoplethoughtshewaschasingfame.④Andysaidshedidn'tunderstandwhytheyweresonarrow-minded，butitdoesn'tmatterwhatotherswouldthinkofher.Thethoughtthatshejustwantedtodowhatshethoughtwasrightwouldneverchange.⑤Ithinkthatiswherethemeaningoflifelies. EveryoneknewthatAndywasafamouswriter,butnooneknewwhereshecamefromandwhethershewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.Whattheydidknowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedwhoeverwasinneedofmoney.Andywasgenerousandhelpful，butsomepeoplethought