PAGEPAGE8現在完成時的重點和難點一、現在完成時與一般過去時的區別

1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的事、存在的狀態或經常發生的動作。說話的側重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調對"現在"產生的影響。如：

HevisitedGuilinin1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間)

2.現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，對現在造成了影響或產生了結果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如：

Jillhasboughtanewcomputer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點是現在有了一臺新電腦)

3.兩種時態的區分

(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現在完成時的謂語基本構成是"助動詞have/has+過去分詞"。如：Thefilmstartedat7o’clock.

Hehasbeenateacherformanyyears.

(2)一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。常與具體的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具體的時間狀語而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。常與for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,just,already,ever,never等副詞和thesedays,thisweek,since...,for...等表示一段時間的狀語連用。

看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區別？①Haveyouseenthefilm?(A)

Didyouseethefilm?(B)

[說明]你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強調的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強調的是看這部電影的動作是否發生過，并不強調是否知道其內容。

②Howhashedoneit?(A)

Howdidhedoit?(B)

[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強調的是他做這件事的方式對現在產生了某種影響；

(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。

③HehaslivedinBeijingfor8years.(A)

HelivedinBeijingfor8years.(B)

[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現在不在北京了。（3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態，動詞一般是延續性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。舉例：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強調看的動作發生過了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強調對現在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了。）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強調起床的動作已發生過了。）Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（強調有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）ShehasreturnedfromParis.她已從巴黎回來了。Shereturnedyesterday.她是昨天回來了。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.(在團內的狀態可延續)HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.(是團員的狀態可持續)HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.WillsomebodygoandgetDr.White?He'salreadybeensentfor.4、用于現在完成時的句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime….that…結構中的從句部分，用現在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.2）Thisisthe…that…結構，that從句要用現在完成時.ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1)Doyouknowourtownatall?No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming答案B.Thisisthefirsttime后面所加從句應為現在完成時，故選B。(2)Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecome答案D.ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。ThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，從句要用完成時。注意：非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。（錯）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.5比較since和forSince用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續時間長度。Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：并非有for作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現在我仍在這里工作。)小竅門：當現在完成時+一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續動詞在完成時中的誤使。1)(對)TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.2)(錯)Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.顯然，第二句不對，它應改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.6since的四種用法1)since+過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。Ihavebeenheresince1989.2)since+一段時間+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.3)since+從句Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.4)Itis+一段時間+since從句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.二、現在完成時考點例析

現在完成時是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時態。涉及的考點有：

一、考查其構成

"助動詞have(has)+動詞過去分詞"構成現在完成時。如：

1.Kate'sneverseenChinesefilms，____?

A.hasn'tsheB.hassheC.isn'tsheD.isshe

析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Katehas的縮寫，故選B。

2.Hisunclehasalreadypostedthephotostohim.(改為否定句)

Hisuncle______postedthephotostohim______.

析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasn't,yet。

3.-AnnhasgonetoShanghai.-So______herparents.

A.hasB.hadC.didD.have

析："so+助/系/情態動詞+主語"結構中的動詞形式應與前句結構中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為herparents是復數,故選D。

二、考查其用法與標志詞

(一)當句中有never,ever,just,already,yet,before等時，常用現在完成時。如：

1.-Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?-______you______yourhomeworkyet?

A.Do;finish

B.Are;finishing

C.Did;finish

D.Have;finished

2.-______you______anywherebefore?-Yes,butIcan'trememberwhereI______

A.Did;surf;surfed

B.Have;surfed;surfed

C.Did;surf;havesurfed

D.Have;surfed;havesurfed

析：據yet和before可知,應用現在完成時，故1題選D，2題選D。

(二)當句中有"for+段時間"或"since+點時間"等時，主句常用現在完成時，謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞，若是非延續性動詞，要改為延續性動詞或表狀態的詞(短語)。如：

1.HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForesttwice______hecametoYunnan.

A.after

B.before

C.since

D.for

析：主句用的是現在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，故選C。

2.Tom______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.

A.haslent

B.hasborrowed

C.hasbought

D.hashad

析：A、B、C均為非延續性動詞，在肯定句中不與表"段時間"的短語連用，故選D。

3.I______aletterfromhimsinceheleft.

A.didn'treceive

B.haven'tgot

C.didn'thave

D.haven'theard

析：據since可知，應排除A、C，"hearfromsb.=receive/get/havealetterfromsb."意為"收到某人的來信"，故選B。

三、考查have/hasbeen(to,in)/have/hasgone(to)的區別。如：

1.-Haveyouever______LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors?-Yes,Ihave.

A.wentto

B.goneto

C.beenin

D.beento

析：據句中的have，排除A，B項意為"去某地了"，C項意為"一直呆在某地"，D項意為"去過某地"，符合題意，故選D。

2.Myparents______Shangdongfortenyears.

A.havebeenin

B.havebeento

C.havegoneto

D.havebeen

析：本題句中有"for+段時間"結構，據此可排除C，B項意為"去過某地"，不合題意，D項缺介詞，故選A。

四、考查現在完成時與其他時態的聯系和區別。如：

1.Sun'saunthasgonetherefortenyears.(改成正確的句子)

析：非延續性動詞與"段時間"連用時，除了把非延續性動詞改成延續性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型"It's+段時間+since+從句"進行句子轉換。故答案為：Sun'saunthasbeentherefortenyears./Sun'sauntwenttheretenyearsago./It'stenyearssinceSun'sauntwentthere.

2.Susanhasbeeninthiscityformorethantenyears.(改為同義句)

________morethantenyears____Susan______tothiscity.

析：據上題分析，且since引導的從句要用一般過去時，故填Itis,since,came。

3.Iwon'tgototheconcertbecauseI____myticket.

A.lost

B.don'tlose

C.havelost

D.iscoming

析：因我丟了票的動作發生在過去，而且對現在造成了我不能參加音樂會的結果，符合現在完成時所表示的含意，故選C。英語現在完成時復習專題一、單項選擇。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still3、HaveyoumetMrLi______？A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?When_____there?A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?—Yes.I_____itamomentago.A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin12、—Doyouknowhimwell?—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?—Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived14、Hurryup!Theplay__________fortenminutes.A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began15、It_____tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.A.isB.hasC.willD.was16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.she_______tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,?A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey19、hasMrWhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity21.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway22.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin23.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened24.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome25.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft26.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover27.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught28.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became29.I______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned30.Howlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead31.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad33.Howlong_____you_____ill?Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been34.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom35.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.take36.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeen37.Areyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on38.He________for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup39.Tomisillinhospital.He______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad40.HowlongcanI______thebook?Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.keep二、句型轉換。1、Hehasneversurfed,?（改成反意疑問句）2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對劃線部分提問)havetheybeenhere?3、Theoldman_______lastyear.Heforayear.(die)（動詞填空）4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉換)Thisfactory________fortwentyyears.5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句轉換)MissGao___________________anhourago.6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.7、TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個句子合并成一個句子)___________________________________________三、漢譯英。1、吉姆已做完作業，他現在有空了。2、他昨天收到一封信。3、我父親以前到過長城。4、她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、她去過上海。6、他這些天上哪兒去了？時態選擇題專項練習()1.There_______nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago. A.isB.areC.wasD.were()2.Whosingsbestinyourclass?Jenny_______.A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone()3._____theyounggirl_____theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?Yes,shedoes.A.Does;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps()4.CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?Youcanwhenyou_______abitolder. A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got()5.WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?Sheoften_______herhomework,butontheeveningofMarch12she_______TV.A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth_______aroundthesun.A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves()7.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied()8.Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.Iwon’t.Assoonashe_______,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming()9.Doyoulikethissilkdress? Yes,Ido.It_______sosoftandcomfortable.A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt()10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI_______knowyou_______here. A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were()11.MrLuXundiedin1936.He_______alotoffamousnovels.A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite()12.Yourtelephonenumberagain?I_______quitecatchit.It’s2567321. A.can’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.didn’t()13.Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?Great!We_______withthefarmers.A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends()14.WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives()15.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShang