授課學案學生姓名：授課教師： 顏丹丹 班主任:科目： 初三英語上課時間： 2016年月日時一時跟蹤上次授課情況上次授課回顧。完全掌握 。基本掌握 。部分掌握 。沒育掌握作業(yè)完成情況。全部完成 。基本完成 。部分完成 。沒有完成本次授課內(nèi)容授課標題過去完成時學習目標.通過與一般過去時的比較，導入過去完成時的概念。.使學生正確理解和掌握過去完成時的概念結構和用法。重點難點過去完成時的用法。授課內(nèi)容【專題導入】原句：Anappleaday,keepsthedoctoraway.ateanappleslept| | 1 >Hadeatenanappleslept now定從：IhadeatenanapplebeforeIslept.(AfterIhadeatenanapple,Islept.)【考點梳理】一、過去完成時的概念與結構特點概念：過去完成時(pastperfecttense)表示過去某一時間或動作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是 過去的過去它是一個相對的時態(tài)， 只有在和過去某個時間或動作相比較時才會用到。| | 1 >那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在構成：過去完成時由助動詞had+過去分詞”構成，它的否定句是在had后邊加not,變一般疑問句是把had提前。其中had通用于各種人稱。E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock?(思考如何回答)二、用法：1、表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。 這個過去的時間狀語有 by,bythetimeof,等介詞短語或者是 when,before,after等引導的從句。如：⑴由by,bytheendof,bythen等引導的狀語從句。Bythetimetheyarrived,thebushadleft.翻譯：昨夜十點鐘之前他已經(jīng)上床睡覺了。 Hehadgonetobed叱10:00lastnight.⑵由when,before,after等引導的從句。Theyhadalreadyfinishedcleaningtheclassroomwhentheirteachercame.(當老師來的時候他們已經(jīng)打掃完了教師)⑶在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞引導的賓語從句中， 一般用過去完成時。，表示在談話或產(chǎn)生某種想法之前發(fā)生的事情。例如：Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟悉她。Shewonderedwhohadleftthedooropen.她想知道是誰沒關門。IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。2、表示從過去某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。常與for或since等連用.如：Shehadworkedinthisschoolsinceitopened25yearsago.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當車來的時候，我在車站已等了 20分鐘。三、過去完成時-語法判定根據(jù)標志”由時間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：by,bytheendof,bythen,或者when,after,before等引導的狀語從句。以及句子中會出現(xiàn)的already,just,once等詞語。也會有for 或since ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.Wehadn'tseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing.注意：我們不一定非得用過去完成時表示過去先發(fā)生的事件，因為有時句意非常清楚。(1)before,after引導的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達了動作的先后關系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。例如：Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed./AfterIfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.⑵動作的順序往往十分清楚時，我們通常用一般過去時表示依次發(fā)生的事件。例如：Igotoutofthetaxi,paidthefare,tippedthedriveranddashedintothestation.【經(jīng)典例題】

HeinShanghaiUniversityforfouryearsbeforeheBeijing.A.studied,hadgone B.hadstudied,wentC.hasstudied,goes D.hadstudied,hadgone解析："他去北京之前在上大學學習了 4年"。在上海學習的動作發(fā)生在去北京之前,因此第一個空應用過去完成時。此題選 BoA.hadwritten,left2.ThestudentsbusilywhenMissBrownwenttogetabooksheintheoffice.A.hadwritten,leftwerewriting,haslefthadwritten,hadleftD.werewriting,hadleft答案D。把書忘在辦公室”發(fā)生在去取書”這一過去的動作之前，因此忘了書”這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when代表時間的一點，表示在同學們正忙于……”這一背景下，when所引導的動作正在發(fā)生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。3.XiaoPeisaidsheHainanfor3.XiaoPeisaidsheHainanfor3months.A.hasbeeninB.hadbeeninC.hadbeentoD.hadgoneto解析："小培說她去了海南三個月 "。havebeento和havegoneto都是短暫性的動詞短語。所以適應表示狀態(tài)的 hadbeenin.應選B.（教師版打印，學生版解析不打印）【舉一反三】一、單選WhenLiMinghurriedhome,hefoundthathismotheralreadytohospital.Ahas;beensentBhad;sentChas;sentD had; beensentWefiveEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.AhadlearnedBlearnedChavelearnedDwillhavelearnedHanMeitoldmeshelunch,soshewasvery hungry.AhashadBhasn'thaveChavehadDhadn'thadBytheendof1976,manybuildingsbuiltinthecity.AhavebeenBhaveChadbeenDwillSheherkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandhome.Ahasleft;comesBhadleft;wouldcomeChadleft;cameDleft;hadcomeHesaidthatitwasatleasttenyearssinceIagooddrink.AhadenjoyedBwasenjoyingChaveenjoyedDhavebeenenjoyingThemeetingwhenMr.Wangtoschool.Ahasbegun;gethasbeenon;getChadbegun；gotDhadbeenon;got(答案：1D2A3D4C5C6A7C)【回顧與反思】做題時常見錯誤如下：一、had形式易寫錯例：例：Hehads(have)gonehomewhenIgottohisoffice.答案：had解析：have/has的過去式都為had,had在過去完成時中也是助動詞，不能再有單三人稱的變化。二、易與現(xiàn)在完成時弄混例：HeaskedwhatIhave(have)said.答案：had解析：現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響或結果。而過去完成時強調(diào)對過去的影響或結果。三、易與一般過去時弄混例：Shelived(live)inNewYorkforeightyearsbeforehecametoChina.答案：hadlived解析：一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 而過去完成時主要體現(xiàn)過去發(fā)生的兩動作先后有別，即比過去發(fā)生的某動作還要 過去”，兩動作中先發(fā)生的是過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則只用一般過去時。

課后作業(yè)學生姓名：授課教師： 顏丹丹 班主任:科目： 初三英語上課時間：2016年 月 日 時一 時跟蹤上次授課情況上次授課回顧。完全掌握 。基本掌握 。部分掌握 。沒育掌握作業(yè)完成情況。全部完成 。基本完成 。部分完成 。沒有完成本次授課內(nèi)容授課標題過去完成時學習目標.通過與一般過去時的比較，導入過去完成時的概念。.使學生正確理解和掌握過去完成時的概念結構和用法。重點難點過去完成時的用法。.單項選擇D.wherehadIgoneD.had,doneD.learntHeaskedmeD.wherehadIgoneD.had,doneD.learntA.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenWhatJanebythetimehewassever?A.did,do B.has,doneCdid,did.I900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。A.learned B.waslearningC.hadlearnedShelivedhereforyears.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,Ithedinneralready.Ahadcooked B.cooked C.havecooked D.wascookedShesaidshetheprinciplealreadyA.hasseen B.saw C.willsee D.hadseenShesaidherfamilythemselvesthearmyduringthewar.A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he.A. hascompleteduniversity B.hascompletedtheuniversityhadcompletedanuniversity D.hadcompleteduniversityShehadwrittenanumberofbookstheendoflastyear.A.for B.in C.by D.atHetoplaybeforehewas11yearsold.Ahadlearned,piano B.hadlearned,thepianoC.haslearned,thepiano D.learns,piano.WhatAnniebythetimehewasten?A.did,do B.did,did C.has,done D.haddone.HeinthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.works C.hadworked D.willwork

Bytheendoflastweek,theythebridge.A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompletedBenhatesplayingviolin,buthelikesplayingfootball.A.a-the B.the…theC./ -the D.the???/Bythetimehewas4,healotofGermanwords.A.hadlearned B.haslearned C.learned D.learns.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthentheclassroom.A.wasleft B.hadleft C.hasleft D.leftTheyinGuangzhousince2000.A.lived B.hadlived C.havelived D.werelivingThetrainfromBeijingtenminutesago.19.ThestudentsA.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrived D.hadarrived19.Thestudentstheirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleanedFergie__Btheprojectinonehour.havefinishedwillfinishC.finishesD.hasfinishedhavefinishedwillfinishC.finishesD.hasfinishedThemanhiscoatandwentout.A.puton B.hadputonC.willputon D.wasputtingonMymotherinthatfactoryattheageof18.A.hadworkedB.hasworkedC.workedD.worksDad_CwhileheTV.A.fellasleep …watch B.wasfallingasleep…watchedC.fellasleep waswatchingD.hadfallenasleep???watched二.用動詞的適當形式填空We(paint)thehousebeforewemoved(move)in.Thatricholdman(make)awillbeforehe(die).They(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey(leave).Therobbers_hadrunaway(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).I(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI(go)tobed.Paul(go)outwithJaneafterhe(make)aphonecall.Tom__(say)he(read)thebooktwice.Ourplan(fail)becausewe(make)abadmistake.Whenthechairman(finish)speaking,he(leave)thehall.TheReads(have)lunchwhenI(get)totheirhouse.WhenI(arrive)atthestation,he(leave)..We(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.I(wait)he(finish)hishomework.Weweresurprisedatwhatshealready(do)She_didn'tgo(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe(go)therebefore.He__(nottell)youthenewsyet.Hesaidhealready(give)thebooktotheteacher.I（be）toShanghaibefore.Shetoldmeshe（be）toSanyathreetimes.20.She（play）theguitarwhilehersister（sing）.三.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.（改否定句）2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.（改否定句）3.Theybegantoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink. （否定）4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑問）5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.（改一般疑問）6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff. （改——般疑問）7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.（對劃線部分提問）8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.（對劃線部分提問）9..Jackdidn'tgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.戈U線音B分提問）10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.（對劃線部分提問）11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.（對劃線部分提問）.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用過去完成時連接兩句）.Jim'sfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.（用過去完成時連接兩句）.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.（用過去完成時連接兩句）Afterwe,we.Heshowedusapicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用過去完成時連接兩句）Beforehe,he四.完形填空Scientistsstudytheworldandlearnaboutthingsusingaprocesscalledthescientificmethod（方法）.Byaskingimportantquestionsand16theanswers,itispossibletomakeamazingdiscoveries!Sometimesascientistis17toanswerhisownquestions,butifhehastakengoodnotesanotherscientistmaycomealonglaterwhoisabletousenewknowledgetoanswerit.Whenyouusethescientificmethodto18anexperiment,youstartbymakingobservations（觀察）aboutsomethingthat19 you.Basedonyourobservations,youmakeahypothesis.Thisisusing20youknowtomakeasmartguessaboutwhatyouthinkcouldhappen.Thenyouarereadytobeginyourexperiment.All21yourexperimentyoutakedownnotes,whichare22experimentdate（資料）.Youareconstantlymakingobservationsduringthistime.Youmaymakediscoveriesthatcauseyoutoimproveyourexperimentasyougo.23,youconcludeyourexperimentandbegintolookoveryournotestodecidewhatitallmeans.Basedonwhatyouhavelearned,youmakeafinalstatementabout24yourhypothesiswascorrectornot.Youhavetohavereasonsandevidencetosupportwhatyouaresaying.Usingthescientificmethodcanbedifficult,butrewarding.Becauseallthestepsareorganizedinaprocess,the25aremorevalid（可信的）.Whenyouprovideobservationsasevidencetosupportwhatyouaresaying,yourideasaremorelikelytobeaccepted.1.A.waitingforB.searchingforC.worryingaboutD.complainingabout2.A.unableB.sureC.readyD.surprised3.A.readB.refuseC.preventD.conduct4.A.hurtsB.representsC.interestsD.attacks5.A.whatB.whenC.whyD.which6.A.withoutB.includingC.exceptD.during7.A.controlledB.arrangedC.calledD.carried8.A.ObviouslyB.SuddenlyC.FinallyD.Mostly9.A.whetherB.whatC.howD.when10.A.problemB.resultsC.servicesD.aims參考答案一單選1-5ADCAA6-10DBDCB11-15DCDDA16-20D