二副面試前主要應準備關于職責范圍內的問題，如圖海圖(電子海圖) 、如何修正海圖、地理 常識、海事專業出版社及船上圖書館的管理、制定航路計劃、船上藥品管理、裝卸貨值班、正常海 上值班、垃圾處理、其他所負責的設備的維護和保養等問題。當然，也可能會問及《國際安全管理規則》(ISM)以及《公司安全管理體系》方面的知識和問題。就目前中國船員整體狀況而言，二 副職位的船員英文水平和業務水平越來越好。對于沒有外派經歷的二副，建議抓緊時間補習英文， 特別是專業英文。下面收集了一部分問題，可供參考。Canyoutellmeaboutyoureducationbackgroundandworkingexperience?(Omitted)Pleaserefertothesamequestionsforthemaster.Canyoutellmeaboutyourlastvessel?(Omitted)Pleaserefertotheanswerstothesamequestionstothemasterorchiefofficer.WhatareyourresponsibilitiesasaSecondOfficer?TheSecondOfficeristhenavigationalofficerandsometimesalsomedicalofficeronboard.Besides,theSecondOfficershallassisttheChiefOfficer.Hisdutiesmayincludethefollowing:Navigationwatchkeeping(from1200to1600,andfrom0000to0400)?Chartandnavigationalpublicationcorrections?Passageplanmaking?Usuallyworkingasthedesignatedcommunicationsofficer?Maintenanceofcommunicationequipment,instrumentsandsparepartsonboardtheship?Careofallthebasicnavigationequipmentandinstruments,includingmagneticcompasses,gyrocompasses,gyrorepeaters,rimechanges,depthsoundersandcourserecorder.Maintenanceofinventoriesofthestationery(8)Medicalduties,andotherdutiesdesignatedbytheMasterorChiefOfficer.(9)SomeotherworkdesignatedbymasterorChiefOfficer.二副應該能用自己的語言流利地說出自己的職責。Pleasebrieflydescribetheprocedureofdealingwithnavigationalwarnings.Firstly,IshallregisterthenavigationalwarningsintheRegisterBookandrecordthewarningnumberinthecard.Secondly,Ishallselectthechartsthatareaffectedbythewarnings.ThenIshallusepens,scissorsandgluestofixpermanentnotices.Ishallalsousepencilstofixtem-poraryandpreliminarynotices.Thechartsaretobecorrectedaccordingtoalltheconcernedwarnings.WhenIcorrectthechart,Ishallfrequentlyconsultthegeographicalindex.Canyoudescribethechartscorrectionprocedures?PleaserefertothesamequestionfortheMaster.Firstly,theSecondOfficerhastomakesurethathehasreceivedthelatestNoticetoMarinerandthathehastowritethenoticerequestontime.TheMastershallmakeemergencyrequestifthelatestisnotreceived.Secondly,theSecondOfficerhastorecordtheNoticetoMarineronthecorrectionlogsontimeaccordingtothechronologicalorder.Thirdly,whencorrectingthechart,hehastomakesurethatthelastsmallcorrectionhasbeenmadeonthechart.Erasureshouldneverbemadewhendeletinginformationcrossedthrough.Instead,seriesofshortdoublestrokesshouldbeusedwhilecorrectionfluidshouldnotbeused.Alwaysinsertinformationbeforeyoudeleteanyinformation.任何海圖和維護海圖是二副最重要的職責之一，對于海圖更新的有關程序是考官經常考到的題 目，一定要好好準備。關鍵是如何用自己的話表述出這個復雜的過程Whoshoulddraftthepassageplanonboard?Whatareincludedinpassageplan?Whenyoumakethepassageplan,whatinformationdoyouneed?Usually,thepassageplanshouldbepreparedbytheSecondOfficerandapprovedbytheMaster.Duringpassage,whenanerrorormistakeisfoundaboutthepassageplan,itshouldbereportedtotheMasterfirstandcorrectedafterwardsbytheSecondOfficer.ButduringvoyagethepassageplancannotbechangedwithouttheMastersapproval.Thepassageplanshouldincludesuchinformationaswaypoints,thedistancebetweenwaypoints,courses,current,tide,weatherconditionsandmeansofcommunications,meansoffixingpositionandintervalandsoon.Besides,thefollowinginformationandpublicationsarenecessaryinmakingthepassagep-lan:sailingdirections,pilotbook,portentryguidance,tidetable’slocalareawarning,warningfromtheNAVAREAareas,listoflightandradiosignals,AdmiraltyNoticetoMariner,seachartandcatalogueofadmiraltychartsandotherpublications.Whatisthescopethepassageplancover?Ifyoumissoneortwobigorsmallscalechartsfornextvoyage,cantheshipgiveseagoingornot?Thepassageplanshouldcoverthesailingroutefromberthtoberth.Lackofinformationforsomeareasmayleadtosomeseriousaccidents.Theshipcannotgoifoneortwochartsarenotavailable.8.Ifthesignalof"threeredlightsverticallyaligned"isfoundonboardashipduringnightvoyage,whatdoyouthinkiswrongwiththeship?Ifamotorshipismovingundertheway,butnotundercommand,whatkindofsignalsshouldsheuse?Onwhatoccasiondoyoudisplaytwoblackballsduringtheday?Thevesselisconstrainedbyherdraught.Itisveryhardforhertomaneuver.Ourvesselshouldgiveawideberthandtakeactionstokeepawayfromher.Themotorshipshouldusenoutn-der-controllights,i.e.,tworedlightsverticallyalignedduringnighttime,andtwoblackballsverticallyalignedduringdaytime.Weshalldisplaytwoblackballswhenourvesselcannotgetoutthewayofanother.各種信號燈的含義和英文表示也是面試中經常提到的問題。希望二副全面復習一下這方面的知 識。請參閱 COLREG1972"NAVIGATIONUGHTS"部分。Pleasedescribehowyoutakecareofthemagneticcompass.Theliquidmagneticcompassshouldberegularlycheckedforairbubblesanditshouldalwaysbecoveredwhenitisnotinuse.Thedeviationofthecompassshouldbecheckedandobservedduringeverywatch.Howdoyousetandadjustgyrocompass?TheSecondOfficershouldfrequentlycheckthegyrocompass'error.Actually,gyrocompassaccuracyshouldbecheckedatleastonceadayatseaandatanchor,andforeachcoursesteered.Duringthewatch,thesimultaneouscheckshouldbemadeatleasthourly.Ifthereisanysignific-antdeviationerror,theSecondOfficershouldreportittotheMasterandrecordintheCompassRecordBookandDeckLogbook.Theelectronicdevicesshouldbekeptawayfromthecompassesinareasonabledistance.TheChiefOfficerorotherdesignatedofficersshouldtesttheerrorinthemorningandevening.WhatareyourresponsibilitiesastheSecondOfficerwhilethevesselisinport?Myresponsibilitiesaretokeepgoodwatch,toensurethesafetyoflife,theshipandthecargoandtomaintaingoodworkingordersonthevessel.DuringmywatchIshouldbeawareofthedraft,underkeelclearance,thestateofship,themooringconditionssoastoavoiddangerouslisting,trimorhullstressduringcargooperation.Ishouldalsomakesurethatdeb-allastingcausesnomarinepollution.IshouldwatchandsupervisetheloadingprocessandreportanyincidentoraccidenttotheChiefOfficer.Pleasetellmethedifferencebetweenthegreatcircleline()andrhombline()?Intheory,thegreatcirclelineistheshortestdistancebetweentwoplaces,whiletherhomblineislongerthanthegreatcircleline.However,itisveryhardforavesseljusttotakethecirclelineorrhombline.Duringcargoloading,ifyoufindcargodamagesinholds,whatshouldyoudo?IshouldrecordtheminwritingorevenphotographthedamagesandreportthesituationstotheChiefOfficerimmediately.TheChiefOfficershouldreportittothetallymanandaskthemtoreplacethecargo,ifpossible.Atthesametime,theofficerondutyshouldmaketheont-he-spotrecord.Ifthedamagesarereallyveryserious,weshouldreporttotheMasterandaskforhisinstructions.Whenyouusuallydothechartwork?Whenyouarekeepingwatch,canyoudothechartwork?WheneverIreceivetheNoticetoMariner,Iwilldothecorrectionanddrawingassoonaspossible.Generally,Ishouldnotdothechartworkwhenamkeepingwatch.Doingchartworkduringwatchkeepingcangiverisetosomepotentialdangertothemaneuveringofthevessel.Whatisthemaximumbloodalcoholconcentration(BAG)rateonboard?AccordingtotheSTCWCode,theBACshallnotbemorethan0.08%byweightatanytimewhenbeingtested.Watchk-eepersarenotallowedtodrinkanyalcoholicbeverage4hoursbeforetheirwatch.Besides,whenbunkering,loadingandunloading,mooringandunmooring,4hoursbeforeandafterportall,thesailoronboardcannothaveanyalcoholicdrinks.Pleasetellmeyourdutiesasthemedicalofficer.Iamresponsibleformaintainingthemedicalinventory.Ishouldkeepagoodrecordoftheuseofdifferentmedicinesandmakesurethattheaidebagsareatproperlocations.Ishouldalsobecarefulwiththemedicinelocker.Theexpiredmedicinesshouldbereplacedontime.Whensomeimportantmedicinesareoutofstock,IshouldreporttotheMasterandmakerequisitionforsupply.WhendoyoucalltheMastertothebridge?Inthefollowingsituations,accordingtotheSMSmanual,IwillhavetocalltheMastertothebridge:WhenthevisibilityislowerthantheonementionedintheMaster'sstandingorder?(2)Breakdownofthemainengine,steeringgear,gyroc-ompassoranyothercriticalequipmentrelatedtothesafetyofthevessel?Whentheship'spositionandsoundingareunusualosrtrange?Whenthenavigationalmarksorsoundingdonotappearaesxpected?Whenheavyweatherisencountered?Whentheshipisbehavinginanunusuawlay?Whenmarinepollutionisseenorsuspected?Whendistressmessageisreceivedoraccidenotbserved?Anyothersituationwhentheofficersareindoubt?Whenevertheshipisindanger?知道何時叫船長到駕駛臺是非常重要的， 這對船舶的安全航行非常重要， 通常船長在bridgeorder或standingorder里都有詳細的說明，STCW95公約關于船員值班部分也有詳細的規定。WhenRADARandARPARareinuse,dotheyrelieveyourdutyoflockoutasawatch -keeper?No,theseapparatusesdonotrelievethewatchofficerofhisdutytomaintainaproperlockoutatalltimes.Thisisveryimportanttothemaneuveringofthevessel.Accidentsoftenarisebecauseoftheofficers'completedependenceontheRADAR,ARPAR,GPSandotherequipment,especiallyinhazardousareas,suchasthecoastandportareas,lowvisibilityarea,restrictedareasandheavyweatherregions.Allinall,therulesandregulationoftheCOLREG1972mustbestrictlyobeyed.WhatdoyouknowaboutECandECDB?ECmeansElectronicChart,andECDISmeansElectronicChartandInformationSystem.Thissystemusesthecomputertechnologytoprovidechartdetailsonavisualdisplayunit,combinedwithanautomaticindicationofship’sposition,andpossiblyaradarimage,andanavigationaide.Thiskindofchartneedsbasiccomputeroperationskillsandautomationknowledge.20.CanyoutellmethemaincontentsofatypicalAdmiraltyNoticetoMariner?HowdidyougettheNoticetoMarineronyourlastvessel?TheAdmiraltyNoticetoMarinersisamaritimepublicationissuedbytheHydrographicDepartmentoftheUnitedKingdom.TheyincludeAdmiraltyNotices,AustralianandNewZealandNotices.Theyarepublishedonaweeklybasis.Thereisalsoanannualsummaryversion.TheAdmiraltyNoticetoMarinerincludes6sections.Sectionone,ExplanatoryNotesandindexestoSectiontwo.Sectionstwo.AdmiraltyNoticestoMariners-Correctionstocharts.Sectionthree,reprintsofRadioNavigationalWarnings.Sectionfour,CorrectionstoAdmiraltySailingDi-rections.Sectionfive,CorrectionstoAdmiraltyListoflightsandFogSignals.Sectionsix,CorrectionstoAdmiraltylistofRadioSignals.Onmylastship,theshipownerprovideduswiththeNoticetoMarinersineverymajorport.HtheyfailedtogiveustheNotice,we'11sendthemarequestforthis.ItisveryimportanttogetridoftheoutdatedchartsandotherSMSdocumentsonboard.Why?Itisveryimportanttokeepthelatestrevisedcharts(alsosomeotherISMdocumentsonboard)inthedeckandengineroom,andkeepawaythoseouotf--datedchartsbecauseafteraperiodoftime,youwillnotbeabletoknowwhatdocumentsarethenewestones.Themixtureoftheoldandnewdocumentsonboardcaneasilygiverisetosomeproblemsforthesafetyofhevessel.Soitisveryimportanttodoawaywiththeobsoletedocumentsassoonaspossible.Howdoyoumaintaintheclocks?Iamresponsibleforthevesselclocksexceptforthoseintheengineroom.Beforegettingunderway,clocksshallbecomparedandsynchronized,andthesynchronizationrecordshallbeenteredintotheDeckLogbook23.Underwhatsituationsdoyoucalltheengineroomwhenyouareonduty?Wheneveritisnecessarytomakesurethatengineroomandbridgeclocksaresynchronized?Atleastonehourbeforestartingorendingasepaassage?Assoonasitappearsthatengineoperationmaneuversmayberequired,withonehour'snoticeifpossible?Whenevertheshipmachineryoperationmaybeaffectedbyweatherorotherconditionchanges,suchasshallowwaterapproach,concentrationofmarinelifeorseaweed,iceinwater,orchangeoftrimordraftduetoballastingshifting?Onehourbeforeinertgassystemoperationisrequired(fotranker)?Onehourbeforesteamisrequiredondeck?Wheneverthetemperaturefallsto2degreeCentigradetopreventdamagetoequipment?Atleastonehourbeforethestandbygeneratorirsequired?Wheneverthecargopumpsareused?Onehourpriortogettingunderway.Whatshouldyoudofirstafteryoujoinavessel?Firstly,IshallfamiliarizemyselfwiththeFamiliarizationBooklet,theMusterListsandEmergencyCardinmycabin.Second,IshallreporttotheMasterandgetfamiliarwithotherofficersandcrewonboardthevessel.Third,withaccompanimentoftherelievedSecondOfficer,Ishallhaveaninspectionofthoseitemshewasresponsiblefor.IshalldiscussimmediatelywiththeMasteronanyunsatisfactoryconditions,includingequipmentmalfunctions.IshallalsotakeoverallthedocumentstheSecondOfficershouldtakecareof.AgoodhandoverwiththerelievedSecondOfficeristhemostimportantthingforme.Whendoyouhavetochangefromtheautomaticsteeringtomanualsteering?Thesteeringmodeshouldbechangedfromautomatictomanualmodeunderthefollowingcircumstances:(1)inanyemergencysituations?(2)indiminishingandrestrictedvisibility,asdefinedbytheMaster?(3)whentheship'ssteeringinshallowwater?(4)whentheMasterthinksnecessary.Whenthesteeringmodeischanged,thewatchofficersshallsupervisetheprocess.Ifshipcollisionhappenswhenyouareonduty,whatprocedureshouldyoufollow?Ishouldfollowtheemergencychecklist.Firstly,Iwillsoundthealarmforemergency?Secondly,IwillinformtheMasterimmediately?Thirdly,Iwillinformtheengine

roomandprepareenginestandby?Aftershipcollision,allthetanksshouldbesoundedandtheshipowner,managershouldbeinformedoftheaccident.Theaccidentreportshouldalsobesenttotheallconcernedpartiesandthecoastcountry.Andalltheaboveactions,ship’sposition,times,etc.shouldberecordedproperly.Beforetheshipsailstoanewport,ifyoudonothaveoneortwonecessarycharts,whatshouldyoupossiblydo?Ifpossible,IwillaskforhelpfromtheMaster.IftheMastercannothelp,Imayaskforhelpfromthevesselssailinginthesamearea.Anyway,Iwilltrytosolvetheproblembeforethevesselsailstotheport.這是一個合格的二副所應該具備的應變的能力。相信絕大多數船東都能按時提供海圖，但是萬 一出現上述情況，二副應千方百計想辦法弄到海圖。Whatissafetyspeedduringsailing?Whatfactorsshouldyouconsiderhidecidingthespeedofavesselduringsailinghithesea?Thesafespeedisthespeedatwhichthevesselcantakeproperandeffectiveactionstobestoppedinasafedistance.Thefollowingfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccounttoachievesafespeed:visibility,numberofshipsinthearea,theship'smaneuverability,windforce,seatideandcurrent,backgroundlights,draughtandavailabledepthofwater,proximityofnavigationalhazards,standardandoperationoftechnicalequipmentonboard,iceconditionandsoon.Whennavigatinginacrossingsituation,asmasterordutyofficer,whatantci-olliswhatanti-collisionruleshouldbeobserved?Whenapowerd-rivenshipandsailingionmeasuresshouldbetaken?Whenthevesselsareproceedonheoandc-ondition,ionmeasuresshouldbetaken?Whenthevesselsareproceedonheoandc-ondition,meetinthesea,whatantic-ollisionruleshouldbeobserved?Whentwopowerd-rivenshipsarecrossing,theshipwhichhastheothershiponherownstarboardsideshallkeepoutofway.Todothis,thisshipcaneitheraltercoursetostarboardsideorslowdownherspeedinordertoavoidcollision.Whentwopowerd-rivenshipsaremeetinghead-onsituationornearheado-nsituation,eachshipshallaltercoursetostarboardsothattheycanpassontheportsideofeachotheratasafedistance.Whenashipsailsatahigherspeedovertakesanothership,theshipshallsailsathigherspeedorshallalteritscoursetoavoidcollision.Apower-drivenshipshallkeepoutofthewayofasailingship.Thiscanbedoneeitheralteringitscourseorspeeduptoavoidcollision.30.Youarethewatchofficeratanchoronan8000to-nshipwhichisabout400feetlong.Iftheweatherbecomesfoggyandfoggy,whatprecautionsshouldyoutake?Iwouldstationamanforwardwithorderstoringtheship’sbellrapidlyforabout5secondseveryminutesandanothermanafttosoundthegonglikewise.Ship'swhistleorsirenwouldbereadyforuseincaseofnecessitytogivewarningofmypositiontoavesselapproaching.Thesignalsforthiswarningshallbe3blastsinsuccession.Whenshouldaturnover(handover)ofwatchbedeferredorpostponed?Usually,underthefollowingsituations,theturnovercanbedeferredorevenpostponed:(1)Ktheofficeronwatchhasreasontobelievethattherelievingofficerisobviouslynotabletocarryouthisdutieseffectively?(2)whenbridgemaneuverustakingplace,turnoverofwatchmustbedeferreduntiltheactioniscompletedandtheshipisinasafeconditionforthereliefofthewatchtotakeplace.Underwhatconditionsshouldyouasofficeronwatchchangetheship'sspeed?RefertotheQuestionsandReferenceAnswersfortheChiefOfficer.WhatactionsshouldbetakenwhenrestrictedvisibilityisencounteredorexpectedCallornotifythemaster?(2)Switchonthenavigationallights?(3)Switchonandsoundfogsignals?(4)SwitchonARPAandRadar?(5)Shifttomanualsteeringformaneuver?(6)postadditionallockout?(7)Informandadviseengineroomforanyemergencymaneuvers.Whatprecautionarymeasuresaretobedone12hoursbeforearrivalatordeparturefromanyport?Ishalltestthefollowingbeforeenteringorgettingunderway:(1)Primaryandsecondarysteeringgear:(2)Internalcontrolcommunicationsandcontrolalarm?(3)Standbyandemergencygenerator?(4)storagebatteriesforemergencylighting.(5)Mainpropulsionaheadandastern.Whatshouldyoudoincaseofsteeringfailure?Whenthereisasteeringfailure,Ishallreporttothemasterimmediately,sothathemaytakewhateveractionsarerequired.Atthesametime,providednofurtherincidentsoccur,hoistthesignalsforavesselnotundercommand.Atthesametime,informtheengineroomanddeterminethetimenecessaryforrepairs,ifpossible,sothatthenecessarypreparationscanbemadeonthebridge.Whenisgreatcirclesailingmostadvantageous?Pleaseexplainbriefly.Theshortestdistancebetweentwomeridiansisthearcofthegreatcirclecontainedbetweenthesetwopoints.Theadvantagesofusingthegreatcirclesailingaremostobviousinhighlatitudes,wherethereisalargedifferenceoflongitudebetweenthepointsofdepartureanddestination.Howdoyoudothechartwork?TThechartworkmustbesodetailedthattheMasterorrelievingofficercaneasilyandquicklyfindouttheship’slastknownpositionandfromthattheycandetermineitspresentposition.Detailedchartworkincludescourseline,DRpositionmarkedwithtimeanddistance,observedpositionwithtimeanddistanceplusthepositionfixingmethod.SpecialnoteslikewhentheMastershouldbeinformedandwhentoslowdown,etc.arealsoneededinsomedangerousareas.Ifamanisoverboard,whatactionsshouldyoutakeimmediately?Ishouldthrowhimalifebuoyandfollowtheemergencyprocedure.Thatistosay,Ishouldsoundthealarm,informtheMasterandtheengineroom,maketheWilliamsonTurnandkeepconstantlockout.Whatisconfinewaters?Whatfactorshouldyoutakeintoaccountwhenyoumakepassageplanintheconfinedwaters?Confinedwatersmeansanareaoftheseawherethewidthofthesafelynavigablewaterwayisnotmorethanabout2miles,suchasastrait,consideringthedraftofthevesselandwaterdepth.Fornavigationinconfinedwaters,Ishallconsiderthefollowingmattersinplanningapassage:Presence/absenceofspecialnavigationalrulesanditemstoreport.Informationonthesailingdirections,coastpilot,andsoon.Thedraftofthevesselandthenavigableareaofthesea.(4)Theeffectofsinkageofthehull(squat)andkeepingenoughunderkeelclearance.Tides,andatidalcurrent.Weatherconditionsandcounterm-easuresagainstrestrictedvisibility.Useofnavigationaidstogiveasign,andsettingofParallelIndex(lineforavoidingdanger).Passingtimeofdangerpoints(daylight/night-time)?Thedegreeofcongestedwatertr-affic,crowdedareawithfishingboats,andcount

er-measuresfortheabovementioned.(10)Thevessel'smaneuveringability.(11)Necessity/lackofnecessityforadjustmentofthevessel’sspeed.Whatissafetyspeedduringsailing?Whatfactorsshouldyouconsiderindecidingthespeedofavesselduringsailinginthesea?Thesafespeedisthespeedatwhichthevesselcantakeproperandeffectiveactionstobestoppedinasafedistance.Thefollowingfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccounttoachievesafespeed:visibility,numberofshipsinthearea,theship'smaneuverability,windforce,seatideandcurrent,backgroundlights,draughtandavailabledepthofwater,proximityofnavigationalhazards,standardandoperationoftechnicalequipmentonboard,iceconditionandsoon.Whennavigatinginacrossingsituation,asmasterordutyofficer,whatantci-ollishatanti-collisionruleshouldbeobserved?Whenapowerd-rivenshipandsailingmeetinthesea,whatanti-collisionruleshouldbeobserved?Whentwopowerd-rivenshipsarecrossing,theshipwhichhastheothershiponherownstarboardsideshallkeepoutofway.Todothis,thisshipcaneitheraltercoursetostarboardsideorslowdownherspeedinordertoavoidcollision.Whentwopowerd-rivenshipsaremeetinghead-onsituationornearheado-nsituation,eachshipshallaltercoursetostarboardsothattheycanpassontheportsideofeachotheratasafedistance.Whenashipsailsatahigherspeedovertakesanothership,theshipshallsailsathigherspeedorshallalteritscoursetoavoidcollision.Apower-drivenshipshallkeepoutofthewayofasailingship.Thiscanbedoneeitheralteringitscourseorspeeduptoavoidcollision.ionmeasuresshouldbetaken?Whenthevesselsareproceedonheoandc-ondition,wionmeasuresshouldbetaken?Whenthevesselsareproceedonheoandc-ondition,wWhatisISMCode?HowmanychaptersarethereinISMCodenow?WhatisDOCandSMC?ISMmeansInternationalManagementCodefortheSafeOperationofShipsandforPollutionPrevention.ItismadebytheIMO.TheISMCode(asamended)includes16chaptersfallingintotwoparts:implementation(partone),andverificationandcertification(parttwo).The16chaptersare:general,safetyandenvironmentprotectionpolicy,companyresponsibilitiesandauthority,designatedperson(s),master'sresponsibilitiesandauthority,resourcesandpersonnel,developmentofplansforshipboardoperation,emergencypreparedness,reportsandanalysisofnoconn-formity,accidentsandhazardousoccurrences,maintenanceoftheshipandequipment,documentation,companyverification,reviewandevaluation,certificationandverificationsandcontrol,certificationandperiodicalverification,verification,interimcertification,andformsofcertificates.ThelastfourchaptersarenewlyaddedinthenewversionofISMCode.SMSmeanssafetymanagementsystem,andthissystemismadebasedonthe16elementsofISMCode,whichisacompulsorypartSOL-AS74.Theship-ownerormanagercannotgetDocumentofCompliance(DOC)andSMCwithoutauditedSafetyManagementCertificate(SMC)byClassdesignatedbytheflagregistrycountryadministration.Incaseoflossofbridgecontrol,whatimmediateactionsdoyoutake?Incaseofthevesselfallintolossofbridgecontrolresultfromtroubleinthemainengine,steeringgear,etc.,theOfficeroftheWatchshallimmediatelytakethefollowingmeasures:*StoppingEngine(incasetroubleofsteeringengine)?*Alertingothervesselssailingnearby?(Bymeansoflightsfor"notundercommand",whistleorVHF)?*Re