高考提能練（十七）必修4Unit2WorkingthelandI.閱讀理解A（2020?太原市高三年級模擬試題一）TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague（鼠疫）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zInthewinterofl910,Dr.WuLien-tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery,atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths,anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina,killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic（流行病）.WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24，1910，hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu^firstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine（隔離）unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases，andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksofl911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday，whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts,thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease,andbyMarchl,1911,theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakofl910-1911lastednearlyfourmonths,affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities，andaccountedforover60，OOOdeaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked，allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InAprill911,Dr.WuchairedanlnternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang，attendedbyscientistsfromllcountriesincludingtheUnitedStates，JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe191011911outbreak.Foratime,Dr.Wuwastheworld^mostfamousplaguefighter,atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919,andaruturnofplaguein1921.語篇解讀1910年的冬天一種死亡率極高的流行病席卷中國東北，在劍橋受過教育的伍連德醫生被派去阻止這種流行病，他到達目的地后，采取了諸如設立專門的隔離病區、對感染者實行活動限制之類的有效措施，由于伍連德醫生的努力，鼠疫最終被完全控制。WhatwasDr.Wu^missionin1910?A?Totakepersonalrisks.B?Toendanepidemic.C?Toprovidemedicaleducation.D.Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.B［考查細節理解。根據第一段尾句uTheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic（流行病）”可知，清朝政府派遣在劍橋受過教育的伍醫生北上，以阻止這種流行病。故B項正確。］WhichofDr.Wu^actsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A.Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B-Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C?Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D.Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.D［考查細節理解。根據題干關鍵詞"spreadingnationwide”定位至第二段最后兩句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911…toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最后一句可知，他說服當局在春節前徹底關閉鐵路，防止人口通過鐵路流動，從而阻止了鼠疫在全國流行，故D項正確。］Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1,1911.60,OOOpeoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C?Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D.Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe191011911outbreak.C［考查推理判斷。根據第三段尾句可知，如果疫情沒有得到控制，允許假期乘坐火車的旅客將疾病傳播到中國其他地方，可能意味著災難性的生命損失，并可能引發全球健康危機。據此可以推斷，鼠疫在1911年得到完全控制，有效阻止了其向世界傳播，故C項正確。］WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A?Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B?Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C-Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D.Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.A［考查推理判斷。根據本文尾句可知，那時伍醫生是世界上最著名的抗擊鼠疫的人，他在抗擊1919年中國的霍亂和1921年卷土重來的鼠疫中捍衛了這一稱號。據此可推知，在1911年之后，他繼續卓有成效地抗擊流行病。故A項正確。］B（2020-遼寧省五校協作體高三模擬）Inalong-sleevedshirtandjeans,DieudonneTwahirwalooksnothinglikethetraditionalAfricanfarmer.The30-year-oldownerofGashoraFarmknowswhatadifferencethatmakes.“Youneedmorerolemodels,“hesaid,standingamongknee-highrowsofchilli（辣椒）plants.Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers,theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm,othersmaythink,'WhycantLdothat?'"TOC\o"1-5"\h\zMr.Twahirwa,auniversitygraduate,boughtafriend^tomatofarmsixyearsagoforS15O.Hemade$1，500backintwomonths.uYouhavetolinkfarmingwithentrepreneurshipandrealnumbers,hesaid.ManyyoungAfricansareabandoningareasinthecountryside,choosingnottoworkhardandforalongtimeinthefields一ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange.ButTwahirwaisoneofthegrowingbandofsuccessfulfarmersworkingtomakeagriculture'simageonthecontinentmoreattractive.Somel，OOOfarmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown,andexportsfreshanddriedchilliesandoiltoBritain,theUnitedStates,India,andKenya.Africahastheworld,syoungestpopulationand65percentofitsuncultivatedarableland（^idlJn^^源）.Yetaccessinglandandloansisdifficult,andAfricanproductivityislowwithcropyieldsjust56percentoftheinternationalaverage.?'Agricultureismainlyassociatedwithsufferingandnoyoungpersonwantstosuffer，"saidTamaraKaunda.ShebelievesAfricanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsoldfashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe."Showyoungpeopletractors,greenfields,niceirrigationsystemsandsmartphones,nshesaid.Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculturedoesnotmeantheyhavetoworkonafarm.Forexample,incoffeeproduction，thebeansgofromthefarmtothewashingstation，thentobeseparatedfromthehusks（夕卜殼）.語篇解讀非洲青年DieudonneTwahirwa從事農業生產，他通過自己的努力，獲得了巨大的回報；非洲有世界上最年輕的人群與大量的耕地后備資源，但是由于氣候與農業技術的落后，很多年輕人都不愿意從事農業；DieudonneTwahirwa則為非洲青年樹立了榜樣。Whatdoes“Whycan'tldothat?”inParagraph2mean?A?Whycan^Idrivetothefarm?B.Whycan^theyfarm?C?Theyfollowtheexampleofthosefarmers.D?Theyboughtafriend'stomatofarm.C［考查句意理解。根據第二段中的Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers,theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm,othersmaythink,Whycan'tldothat?'"可知，此處表示如果你有年輕的農民，他們有土地，而且開車去農場，其他人可能會想，為什么“我”不能那樣做？該句意在表明其他人認為他們可以效仿這些農民的做法。故選C。］Whatmakesitharderforfarmerstowork?A.Poorland.B.Climate.C.Lowincome.D.Longworkinghours.B［考查細節理解。根據第四段“ManyyoungAfricansareabandoningareasinthecountryside...ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange”可知，在非洲，讓農民的勞動難度更大的原因在于氣候變化。故選B。］WhatcanwelearnaboutTwahirwaaccordingtoParagraph5?A?Hemadeafortunebygrowingchillies.Hischilliesaresuperbintheworld.C?Farmersworkingforhimliveasimplelife.D?Thelocalsaren^willingtobuyhischillies.A［考查推理判斷。根據第五段中的"Somel,OOOfarmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisownn可推知，Twahirwa通過種植紅辣椒賺了很多錢。故選A。B項中的superb意為“質量極高的”。］8.WhenitcomestoagricultureinAfrica，whatdopeoplethinkaboutit?A?Loansaredifficult.B-Mostlandisuncultivated.C?Cropyieldsareratherlow.D?Farmingmethodsareoutofdate.D［考查推理判斷。根據第七段中的uAfricanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold-fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe”可知，非洲農業需要改變，以擺脫其傳統的形象：使用鋤頭的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可推知，當談及非洲的農業時，人們想到的是落后的耕作方法。故選D。A、B、C三項均為非洲農業的實際情況，不是人們對其的看法。］II.七選五（2021?山東省部分重點中學高三第一次綜合考試）Criticism（批評）isharmfultohealthyrelationships.It'sokaytoexpressdisappointmentifsomeoneisbehavinginawaythathurtsyou.Thefollowingaresomewaystocatchcriticismbeforeitbegins.2Beforeyoucriticize，pauseandconsiderwhetheryoureallyneedtosayanythingatall.Ifsomeonedidsomethingtogetonyournerves,wouldyoureallyneedtopointitout?Sometimes，it^besttoletsmallrudenessgo.Takeafewdeepbreathsandleavetheroominsteadofcriticizing.Berealistic.Criticalpeopleoftenhaveveryhighexpectationsofthosearoundthem.Yourtendencytocriticizemaycomefromexpectingtoomuchfromothers.Sometimesyoumayfindyourselfconsistentlyannoyedordisappointedwithothers.3TOC\o"1-5"\h\zSeparatetheindividualsfromtheiractions.Criticalpeopleoftenfocusonthenegativeaspectsofasituationoraperson,failingtoseegoodqualitiesalongsidenegativeones.Ifyoufindyourselfmakingassumptionsaboutapersonfscharacter，stopyourself.4Weallbehavepoorlysometimes,butasingleactionisnotareflectionofthecharacter.Focusonpositives.Oftentimes,beingcriticalresultsfromhowyou'rechoosingtoseeasituation.5However,thevastmajorityofpeoplehavegoodqualitiesthatoutweighthebadones.Trytofocusonaperson^positivequalitiesovertheimegativeones.A?Nevercriticizeothers.B.Thinkbeforeyouspeak.C?Everyonehasdrawbacksandimperfections.D-Itmaybeagoodideatoadjustyourexpectations.Weshouldfocusonotherpeople^disappointingactions.Trytoseparateadisappointingactionfromthepersondoingtheaction.G?Beingoverlycritical,however,cancausetensioninarelationshipovertime.語篇解讀批評對健康的人際關系有害，本文介紹了幾種在批評開始前將其攔住的方法。G［考查上下文銜接。該空前一句說如果有人的行為傷害了你，表達失望是可以的，空后又表達下面是一些在批評開始前攔住它的方法，空處前后表示語義上的轉折，故選G項“然而，過于挑剔會導致一段關系隨著時間的推移而緊張”。］B［考查段落小標題。該空需要填的是本段的小標題