考點(diǎn)13閱讀之細(xì)節(jié)理解（解析版）【命題趨勢】細(xì)節(jié)理解題一直是高考命題的重點(diǎn)，它要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。有些答案考生可以直接從文中找到明確的線索，但有些則需要考生在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行處理，如計(jì)算、排序、判斷、比較等。近年全國及各省、市高考閱讀理解中，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解類題型的考查依然占了較大的比例。特別是應(yīng)用文、說明文和記敘文中，更是側(cè)重于對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解的考查。【重要考向】一、識(shí)別細(xì)節(jié)理解題；二、細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法；考向一識(shí)別細(xì)節(jié)理解題【典例】【2021年新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇】WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands. B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers. D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.【參考答案】 A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百萬公頃的濕地被抽干用作農(nóng)地或者修建住房，極大地減少了水禽的棲息地，故可知，棲息地的減少導(dǎo)致了水禽數(shù)量的下降，故選A。【細(xì)節(jié)題的識(shí)別提分秘籍】1.細(xì)節(jié)題的設(shè)題方式(1)簡單細(xì)節(jié)題標(biāo)志：5個(gè)W，1個(gè)H。Accordingtothepassage,when/where/what/who/why/how(many)….例如：When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?Whatdidtheauthorthinkaboutaftergettingup?WhoisLucyaccordingtothepassage?Whydidtheauthorbringbackhomeanoldmilkbox?HowlongdoesittakethebatterytochargeupaniPhone?(2)文段篇章細(xì)節(jié)題Whichofthefollowingis(not)true/falseaccordingtothepassage?Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat______.Accordingtopassage,weknowthat______.(3)排序題Choosetherighttimeorderofthefollowingeventsin...2.細(xì)節(jié)題的選項(xiàng)特征(1)正確選項(xiàng)特征：a.與原文一致。考向二細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題方法【典例】【2021年新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解B篇】Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”27.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworsepageturner”?AHehasverypooreyesight. B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic. D.Heforgetstodohisjob.【參考答案】 D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干關(guān)鍵詞為“theworsepageturner”和MsRaspopova’shusband。根據(jù)最后一段“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’(他對(duì)音樂很感興趣，感受著每一個(gè)音符，所以我不得不說：“翻頁，翻頁！”)”可知，MsRaspopova的丈夫因?yàn)閷?duì)音樂感興趣，所以幫她翻頁的時(shí)候總是沉浸在音樂中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故選D項(xiàng)。【細(xì)節(jié)理解題型提分秘籍】1.判斷關(guān)鍵詞(1)識(shí)記關(guān)鍵詞類別,主要分為以下類別：a.大寫字母開頭的詞（人名、地名、專有名詞等），數(shù)字（時(shí)間、英文時(shí)間），形容詞副詞（比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)），動(dòng)詞，名詞。b.若題干中沒有細(xì)節(jié)信息，如“Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?"無法找到定位詞，就從選項(xiàng)中尋找定位詞，方法一致。(2)劃出關(guān)鍵詞。如：1.WhydidDr.MinorrefusetovisitOxford?大寫字母開頭的詞（人名、地名）2.TheTVadsofSparrow______.大寫字母開頭的詞（專有名詞、人名）3.FromParagraph2wecanlearnthat______.數(shù)字4.WhyisJune6,1990aspecialdayforMommy?數(shù)字（時(shí)間），大寫字母開頭的詞5.Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat______.數(shù)字（英文時(shí)間）6.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.形容詞7.Welearnfromthetextthatin2008______.數(shù)字（時(shí)間）8.Attheageofthirteen,theauthorregardedkeepingadiaryasawayof______.數(shù)字（英文時(shí)間）9.Whatwasanewuseforwindpowerinthelate19thcentury?形容詞，數(shù)字（時(shí)間）10.WhiletheBowlerfamilywaslivinginthe1900house,______.大寫字母開頭的詞（人名），數(shù)字（時(shí)間）2.關(guān)鍵詞回文定位即把選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容和原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析，判斷是否符合相關(guān)句的意義或在原文中提到過，然后進(jìn)行排隊(duì)解答。1.【2021年浙江卷1月閱讀理解A篇】Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram’ssatellitepictures.In2011,hecameacrosssomethingfamiliar.Hestudieditandrealizedhewaslookingatatown’scentralbusinessdistrictfromabird’s-eyeview.Hethought,“Ontheright-handsideyoushouldseethethree-platformtrainstation”—andthereitwas.“Andontheleft-handsideyoushouldseeabigfountain”—andthereitwas.Everythingjuststartedtomatch.22.HowdidBrierleyfindhishometown?A.Byanalyzingoldpictures. B.BytravellingallaroundIndia.C.Bystudyingdigitalmaps. D.Byspreadinghisstoryviahisbook.【參考答案】 C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)前兩句Thenhefoundadigitalmappingprogram.Hespentyearssearchingforhishometownintheprogram’ssatellitepictures.和最后一句Everythingjuststartedtomatch.可知主人公是通過研究數(shù)字地圖找到家鄉(xiāng)的。2.【2021年浙江卷1月閱讀理解B篇】Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell-being,aswellaslostopportunities(機(jī)會(huì))forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.24.WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins’predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A.Tomakecomparisons. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Tosupportherargument. D.Toprovideexamples.25.WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren’sphysicalactivity?A.Plainlaziness. B.Healthproblems. C.Lackoftime. D.Securityconcerns.【參考答案】 24.B推理判斷題根據(jù)第一段最后一句Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.和第二段可知，作者通過這個(gè)美國人的預(yù)言，引出如今青少年缺乏鍛煉導(dǎo)致過度肥胖這個(gè)主題。 25.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第三段Familiesarepressedfortime...livingincar-dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.可知，父母因生活壓力忙于工作，缺乏時(shí)間，導(dǎo)致青少年鍛煉不夠。題干中的decrease和文中第三段的decline是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，答案lackoftime和文中第三段的arepressedfortime是同義轉(zhuǎn)述。3.【2021年全國乙卷閱讀理解D篇】Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分貝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan’tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.33.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?A.Totalsilence. B.50decibels C.70decibels. D.85decibels.34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivacyunprotected. B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion. D.Constantinterruptions.【參考答案】 33.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.（大多數(shù)組之間的差異在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上是不顯著的；然而，音量為70分貝的那組參與者（置身于類似于咖啡店背景噪音的環(huán)境中）的表現(xiàn)明顯好于其他組。）”和第三段“Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotalsilence-mayactuallyimproveone'screativethinkingability.（但由于70分貝的結(jié)果很顯著，該研究還表明，適當(dāng)?shù)谋尘霸胍簟灰舐暎膊灰耆察o——實(shí)際上可能會(huì)提高一個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造性思維能力。）”可知，70分貝的那組參與者表現(xiàn)好于其他組，所以70分貝的噪音背景環(huán)境更有可能促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造性思維能力。故選C項(xiàng)。 34.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers'conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.（那么，為什么我們中有那么多人討厭開放式辦公室呢？問題可能是，在我們的辦公室里，當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D集中注意力時(shí)，我們無法阻止自己卷入別人的談話中。的確，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，面對(duì)面的互動(dòng)和對(duì)話會(huì)影響創(chuàng)作過程，然而，共同工作空間或咖啡館在提供一定程度的噪音的同時(shí)，也提供不受干擾的自由。）”可知，開放式辦公室不受人們歡迎的原因是讓我們不斷地卷入別人的談話中，受到很多干擾。故選D項(xiàng)。4.【2021年全國甲卷閱讀理解D篇】Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.【參考答案】 A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一個(gè)全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨時(shí)隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn))”可知，進(jìn)步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。故選A。5.【2021年6月浙江卷閱讀理解A篇】Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.25.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.【參考答案】 A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself...,afilmwhichchartsthebirthofthewildNetwork,agroupoforganizationswiththecommongoalofpettingchildrenoutintonature”可知，David是一個(gè)電影導(dǎo)演，利用媒體來向孩子們推銷大自然，記錄了自己的活動(dòng)，并且拍成了一部電影ProjectwildThing，由此可知他是通過制作紀(jì)錄片的形式來倡導(dǎo)自己的想法的。故選A。6.【2021年6月浙江卷閱讀理解A篇】Buteventhen,whathehadwasn'tquitewhathewanted.Nielsenalwaysfeltheshouldbedoingcomedybuthisgoodlooksanddistinguishedvoicekepthimbusyindramaticroles.Itwasn'tuntil1980-32yearsintohiscareer-thathelandedtheroleitwouldseemhewasmadeforinAirplane!Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.22.WhatdoweknowaboutNielseninthesecondhalfofhiscareer?A.Hedirectedsomehighqualitymovies.B.Heavoidedtakingonnewchallenges.C.Hefocusedonplayingdramaticroles.D.Hebecameasuccessfulcomedyactor.【參考答案】 D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干定位:根據(jù)題干中的inthesecondhalfofhiscareer可將本題題眼鎖定在第二段。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedicpresencealonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhen...”可知，尼爾森在其事業(yè)的后半段因?yàn)殡娪癆irplane而成為一名成功的喜劇演員。故選D項(xiàng)。7.【2020全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇】Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接觸)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.【參考答案】 C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwiththegroundatalltimes.”可知，但這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)則要求競走者的膝蓋在擺動(dòng)腿的大部分時(shí)間保持伸直，一只腳始終與地面接觸。由此可知，競走運(yùn)動(dòng)員是需要具備某些條件的運(yùn)動(dòng)員是因?yàn)檫\(yùn)動(dòng)員需要遵守特殊的規(guī)則。故選C項(xiàng)。8.【2020全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇】Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.30WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions. B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach. D.Doingregularexercises.【參考答案】 29.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些與跑步有關(guān)的損傷，比如跑步者的膝蓋，在競走者中并不常見。由此可知，競走與跑步相比的優(yōu)勢是不太可能導(dǎo)致膝蓋受傷。故選D項(xiàng)。 30.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Dr.Norberg說的話“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事實(shí)上，任何想嘗試競走的人都應(yīng)該首先咨詢教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競走運(yùn)動(dòng)員，學(xué)習(xí)適當(dāng)?shù)募记伞?”可知，Dr.Norberg建議想嘗試競走的人征詢專家的建議。故選A項(xiàng)。9.【2020全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解D篇】TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A.Todetectplants’lackofwater. B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger. D.Totestchemicalsinplants.【參考答案】 A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測植物缺水的情況。故選A。10.【2020全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇】PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.【參考答案】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好)可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills(發(fā)展空間能力)符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.【參考答案】C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine說，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母談話次數(shù)后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測)可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。11.【2020全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇】Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.【參考答案】D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題，即他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。12.【2020全國卷III閱讀理解D篇】OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys. B.Nearrivers. C.Onthebeach. D.Offthecoast.34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday. B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater. D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.【參考答案】33.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstiltsincoastalwaters.(這些人被稱為Bajau，在印度尼西亞、馬來西亞和菲律賓有數(shù)十萬人。他們一直住在船屋上；最近他們也把房子建在沿海水域的吊腳樓上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海區(qū)域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。34.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders.(我們很驚訝，他們?cè)谒麓臅r(shí)間比我們當(dāng)?shù)氐膷u民要長的多)可知，讓Jubilado感到吃驚的是Bajau人能在水下待更長的時(shí)間。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他們能在水下待很長時(shí)間)符合以上說法，故選C項(xiàng)。13.【2019全國卷Ⅰ閱讀理解C篇】Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物測量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（節(jié)奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword＂touch＂fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys. B.ToimproveaccuracyintypingC.Toreplacethepasswordsystem. D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironment-friendly. B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics. D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.【參考答案】 28.D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第一段最后一句Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though和第二段第一句…theyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem可知，研發(fā)智能鍵盤的目的是為了降低保護(hù)電子空間的成本。 29.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第三段Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently可知，人與人打字的模式不同，使得這一發(fā)明能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)其功能。 30.B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)最后一段thekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture可知，實(shí)現(xiàn)智能鍵盤商業(yè)化很容易，并且其造價(jià)并不昂貴，因此研發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)希望在不久的將來能將其投放市場。14.【2019全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解B篇】I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse. B.Sheisproudofherkids.C.She’llworkforanotherseason. D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.【參考答案】 D事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第三段的Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.可知，這位家長后來成為社團(tuán)里的一個(gè)有力幫手。15.【2019全國卷Ⅱ閱讀理解D篇】HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution（解決方案）.“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager."Therearenotests,"Gordonsays."Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan'Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?'Basically,it’s'I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct."34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct. B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules. D.Gradetheirhomework.【參考答案】 A事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第三段最后兩句Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.可知，美國國家航空航天局的工程師們會(huì)親自審查學(xué)生們制作的產(chǎn)品。16.【2019全國卷Ⅲ閱讀理解C篇】Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.【參考答案】 28.B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第一段第四句和第五句Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.可知，當(dāng)時(shí)的報(bào)紙并不吸引人。unattractive可同義異構(gòu)為文中的dullandvisuallyforbidding。 32.C事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第二段AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbols…with0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentested…可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)開始前，研究人員先對(duì)猴子進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。17.【2019全國卷Ⅲ閱讀理解D篇】AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle. B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos. D.Bymixingtwodrinks.【參考答案】 B事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第三段Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;…可知，猴子通過觸摸屏幕得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。1.【河北唐山市第一中學(xué)2021屆高三質(zhì)檢】Asafatheroftwogirls,Williamshadacallingtohelpsinglemoms,widowsandmilitarywives.Williamsborrowedmoneyandaskedpeopleheknewfordonationstostarthisnewcareer,andseveralmonthslater,heopenedTheGarage,anonprofitthatrepairsvehiclesforwomeninneed-atnocost.Theorganizationgivesrenewedvehiclesaway,too.Williamsunderstoodtheeconomicdifficultybeingcarlesscancause,andhowhisnonprofitcouldhelp.“Carrepairscanbeexpensive,andwhereIlive,it’sveryrural.”Williamsexplained.“Soifyoudon’thaveacar,youcan’tgetajob.Andifyoudon’thaveajob,youcan’tbuyacar.It’sacrueldilemma.”6．WhatdoweknowaboutTheGarage?A．It