UnitOne

TextI“NeverGiveIn,Never,Never,Never”

byWinstonChurchillAnIntegratedEnglishCourseBook3UnitOne

TextI“NeverGive1Pre-readingQuestionsDoyouknowwhenandhowWorldWarIIbrokeout?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutit?WhatdoyouknowofWinstonChurchill?Pre-readingQuestionsDoyoukn2ListeningandSpeakingListentoapassageaboutWinstonChurchillanddiscussthefollowingquestion:WhathadWinstonChurchillachievedinhislifetimeasastatesman.anartist,awriterandasoldier?ListeningandSpeakingListent3Foryourreference

WinstonChurchill(1874-1965)

GreatestmodernBritishstatesman:HewasadirectdescendantfromthefirstDukeofMarlborough,thesonofLordRandolphChurchill.AfteranearlycareerasanarmyofficerandwarcorrespondenthebecameaConservativememberofParliament,in1901,changingtotheLiberalsin1905.Foryourreference

WinstonCh4Hewashomesecretary(內政大臣)(1910-11),adynamicfirstlordoftheadmiralty(海軍大臣)(1911-15),andheldvariousgovernmentposts(1917-22).HewasConservativechancelloroftheexchequer(財政大臣)(1924-29),butinthe1930shisunpopulardemandsforwarpreparednesskepthimfrompower.Hewashomesecretary(內政大臣)(5InWorldWarIIhewasfirstlordoftheadmiralty(1939-40)andprimeminister(1940-45).Assuchhebecameoneofthegreatwarleaders,leadingGreatBritainthroughWorldWarII;hisoutstandingoratorymaintainedBritain'smorale,andhewasoneofthemainshapersofAllied(同盟國的)strategyworkingcloselywithAmericanPresidentRoosevelt.renownedforhiscourage,imagination,oratoryandintellectInWorldWarIIhewasfirstl6Apostwarreactioncosthispartythe1945election,buthewasagainprimeministerlater(1951-55).

Inhislateryears,hespentmuchtimewritinghistoryoftheEnglish-speakingpeopleandpainting.Churchillpublishedseveralworks,includingTheSecondWorldWar(1948-1953),andwonthe1953NobelPrizeforliterature.acombinationofsoldier,writer,orator,artistandstatesmanApostwarreactioncosthispa7TextComprehension

WhatisChurchill’spurposeofmakingthespeech?Toencouragepeopletoholdoninthesternsituation.TextComprehensionWhatis8StructuralAnalysisPartI(Paragraph1)openingremarks:ChurchillsummarizedthegreateventsthathadhappenedintheworldwithGreatBritaininparticularandthentalkedaboutthepurposeofhisvisittoencouragethewholenationtofightagainsttheNazis.StructuralAnalysisPartI(Par9PartII(Paragraphs2-5)bodyofthespeech:ChurchillanalyzedtheworldsituationandhowothercountrieslookedatBritainandthencalledontheBritishpeoplenottogivein.

PartIII(Paragraphs6-8)closingremarks:Bychangingawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsong,Churchillexpressedhisconvictionthatthisnationwasdeterminedtofightforthevictoryofthisgreatwar.PartII(Paragraphs2-5)body10ParagraphAnalysis

OpeningRemarks:

Paragraph1Q:WhatwasChurchill'sintentionofsingingsomeoftheirsongs?A:AttheinitialstageoftheSecondWorldWar,GreatBritainwasfightinginisolationagainstNaziFascists.SomeBritishpeopledoubtedwhethertheirnationcouldwinthewarwiththeirownefforts.ChurchillwantedtoconveytheconvictionofthegovernmenttotheBritishpeoplethroughthesesongsandencouragethemnottogivein.ParagraphAnalysis

OpeningRem11LanguageWork

Paragraph11.atyourHeadMaster’skindinvitation受你們校長的好心邀請atprep.inaccordwith,followingOtherexamples:atone‘srequest

依照/應…的請求E.g.Wecameatyourmother’srequest.atone‘sdisposal

聽憑…自由處理,由…做主,由…隨意支配、使用E.g.Iput/left/placedmycarathisdisposal.

LanguageWork

Paragraph11.at12atone’scommand

由…支配;聽…吩咐,奉…之命E.g.Heofferedmeallthemoneyathiscommand.Itwasdoneatthequeen’scommand.I’matyourcommand.我隨時聽候您的吩咐。atone'sservice

隨時供…使用;隨時為…提供服務/效勞E.g.Mycarisatyourservice.Ifyouneedanyhelp,Iamatyourservice.隨時為您服務/效勞；請隨時吩咐atone’scommand由…支配;聽…吩咐,奉13atone‘spleasure:asonewishesordesires隨…的意愿;隨意,請便E.g.Youmaygoorstayatyourpleasure.atone’sconvenience

在…方便時E.g.Pleasedoitatyourconvenience.Pleasesendthegoodsatyourearliestconvenience.從速、盡快atone‘spleasure:asonewish142.Synonyms:disaster,calamity,catastrophe(referringtoaneventhavingfatalorruinousresults“災難”)disaster:generallyimpliesgreatdestruction,hardship,orlossoflife；尤指“不可預測的意外事件所造成的災難或不幸”((e.g.naturaldisasters:agreatfloodorfire,anearthquake;aseriousdefeatinwar;thelossofalargesumofmoney)adj.disastrous2.Synonyms:disaster,calamit15calamity:emphasizesdistress,grief,orthesenseoflossE.g.“theheaviestcalamityinEnglishhistory,thebreachwithAmerica”(JamesGeorgeFrazer).“英國歷史上最沉重的災難，是和美國關系的破裂“（詹姆斯·喬治·弗雷澤）。adj.calamitouscatastrophe:especiallystressesthesenseofatragicfinaloutcome指“突然而來造成極大苦難及毀滅的大災難”或“異常的災禍”,含“最終結局無法補償之意”adj.catastrophiccalamity:emphasizesdistress,163.upsanddowns:alternatingperiodsofgoodandbadfortuneorspirits.高低起伏;沉浮,興衰,順逆,榮枯：好運和壞運（或好心情和壞心情）的交替變換的時期E.g.Withconstantupsanddownsaswellasnumerousturnsandtwistsalongtherangeofhillsitsitson,Badalinglooksverymuchlikeadragonwithimposingmagnificence.

八達嶺高低起伏,曲折綿廷,宛若蒼龍,氣勢磅礴。TheupsanddownsofpitchmakesspeakingChinesesoundlikesinging.聲調的抑揚起伏使中國人說話像唱歌。3.upsanddowns:alternating17Translate:鄧小平一生中經歷過“三落三起”。DengXiaopingexperiencedthreeupsanddownsinhislife.我感到很幸運,人生無論得意失意,總有你相伴在身旁。Ifeelluckytohaveyou

thatstaytogetherwithmethroughlife’supsanddowns.回首過去的一百年,兩國關系跌宕起伏。Thepastcenturyhasseenupsanddownsoftherelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.

Translate:184.theunmeasured

menaceoftheenemy:theimmenseorimmeasurablethreatordangeroftheenemyattackunmeasuredadj.1)notmeasured2)beyondmeasure;withoutlimitsE.g.theunmeasuredvastnessofsolarsystemThereducedefficiencyinfeedutilizationcanproduceunmeasuredeconomiclosses.飼料利用率降低可造成了不可估量的經濟損失。Synonyms:unlimited,limitless,boundless,endless,measureless,immeasurable,infinite,immense,vast4.theunmeasuredmenaceofth195.lulln.arelativelycalminterval;anintervaloflessenedactivity暫停，間歇，稍止E.g.a

lull

in

sales/wind/conversationTranslate:這只是暴風雨前的暫時平靜。This

is

just

the

lull

before

the

storm.經過兩星期的間歇以后，地面戰斗又突然爆發了。Groundfightingflaredupagainafteratwo-weeklull.5.lull20v.1)causetosleeporrestE.g.lullsomeonetosleep

Translate:

我們花了一整夜時間才把嬰兒哄睡著。It

took

us

all

night

to

lull

the

baby

to

sleep.2)makeorbecomecalmorlessactive使平靜，使平息;消除，緩和E.g.Thesealulled/waslulled.海浪平息了.lullsb.’sfears(suspicious)消除某人恐懼(猜疑)Translate:

時間和空間上的遠距離有一種奇妙的力量，可以使人的心靈平靜。

Greatdistanceineithertimeorspacehaswonderfulpowertolullthehumanmind.v.1)causetosleeporrest213)deceive(intotrustfulness,etc.)哄騙;麻痹（斗志等）E.g.NorwillIallowyesterday'ssuccesstolullmeintotoday'scomplacency,forthisisthegreatfoundationoffailure.我也不因昨日的成功而滿足，因為這是失敗的先兆。Translate:

這會使他們產生一種虛假的安全感。Thiswilllullthemintoafalsesenseofsecurity.lullaby

n.催眠曲,搖籃曲3)deceive(intotrustfulness,226.turnup1)makeone’sappearance,arrive露面,來到Translate:

我們請她吃飯她都不露面.Weinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidn'tevenbothertoturnup/showup.2)befound(東西)被找到Translate:

我擔保你的手表準有一天能找到.I'msureyourwatchwillturnuponeofthesedays.3)(ofanopportunity,ect.)happenunexpectedlyTranslate:Justlookcarefullyandbepatient,andsomethingwillturnup.只要仔細觀察,有耐心,你就總會有所收獲。6.turnup23ParagraphAnalysis

BodyoftheSpeech:

Paragraphs2-5Inthispart,Churchillconcentratedonthepurposeofhisspeech,i.e.toinspirethepeoplealloverthecountry,menandwomen,oldandyoung,tomaintaintherelentlessspiritofthisnationandtofightforthefinalvictoryofthisgreatwar.ParagraphAnalysis

Bodyofthe24Q1:WhatdidChurchillmeanbysaying"wemustlearntobeequallygoodatwhatisshortandsharpandwhatislongandtough"?A1:BysayingthishemeanttomaketheBritishpeoplefullyawarethattheyshouldnotonlybeabletofightandwinshortandquickbattlesbutalsobereadytofightandwinhardandenduringwars.Q1:WhatdidChurchillmeanby25Q2:WhydidChurchillquoteKiplingassaying"treatthosetwoimpostorsjustthesame"?A2:BecausehetriedtoenlightentheBritishpeoplefromanotherperspectivebyimplyingthattheyshouldtreattriumphsanddisastersofthewarinthesameway.Sometimestriumphswerejustovertphenomena,whichcouldmisleadpeopletoawrongconception.Anddisasterswerenotasfrighteningastheyseemedtobe,andweshouldnotfeeldiscouraged.ThemassiveairforceofNaziFascistswasstronginappearance,butitcouldbedefeatedsoonerorlater.Q2:WhydidChurchillquoteKi26Q3:Whatlessonhadtheylearntinthepasttenmonths?A3:Thelessonlearntthroughoutthepasttenmonthswasthatwhenfacinggreatdifficulties,oneshouldnevergivein.Withthereasonablecombinationofimaginationandcourage,theBritishpeoplecouldovercomeanykindofdifficultiesandsmashanyattackofthemightyenemy.Q3:Whatlessonhadtheylearn27Q4:WhatisthechangeinthewidespreadmoodreferredtoinParagraph5?A4:Tenmonthsago,Hitler'sairforcesstruckBritainandthewholenationwasthrownintodisorderandunease.ManyothernationsthoughtthatthisnationwouldbeconqueredsoonjustaswhathadhappenedtoFrance.Butwhentheygatheredinthesameschooltenmonthslater,theyhadaccumulated,inadditiontobetterarmament,sufficientstrengthandconfidencetofightagainsttheNazitroops.Q4:Whatisthechangeinthe28LanguageWork

Paragraphs2-51.putthrough1)make…pass(through…);bringtoasuccessfulend使穿過、通過;做成E.g.putthestringthroughtheholeinthehandleofthebrush

putthroughanumberofnewlaws/putthelawthroughtheparliament

putthoughabusinessdeal完成一樁交易LanguageWork

Paragraphs2-51.292)causetoundergo使經歷；使經受、遭受E.g.Thetraineeswereputthroughanexhaustingassaultcourse.受訓的隊員參加了令人筋疲力盡的突擊課程.Translate:

你讓你全家受了不少苦.Youhaveputyourfamilythroughmuchsuffering.3)makeatelephoneconnectionfor接通電話線E.g.Pleaseputme/thiscallthroughto5543322,extension201.請給我接5543322轉201分機2)causetoundergo使經歷；使經受、遭受302.throwone’smindbackto:recollect,recalltomind,bringtomemoryE.g.Pleasethrowyourmindbackto1945,whenpeopleallovertheworldwereengagedinagreatandcruelwaragainsttheFascists.Translate:

他的故事使我想起另一個故事。

Hisstorythrewmymindbacktoanother.2.throwone’smindbackto:r31Synonyms:

remember,recall,recollect(sharedmeaning:“tobringanimageorathoughtbacktothemind”)remember系常用詞,指過去的事情仍在記憶中,不必費勁就能想起:“記住,記得”E.g.Ican’trememberhisname.recall指對自己或他人的過去進行有意的回憶:“回憶,回想;想起”E.g.Letmerecallwhathesaid.recollect

含義與recall接近,但較為正式,指“力圖想起久已忘記或稍有點印象的事情”E.g.Lookingattheseoldphotos,herecollectedthegoodolddays.Synonyms:remember,recall,re323.Appearancesaredeceptive/deceitful.

Neverjudgefromappearances.

[諺]外表不可靠;不可只看表面現象。Otherusefulexpressions:Youcannottellfromappearancesthat…

不能憑表象判斷…keepupanappearance裝點門面,裝闊氣E.g.Hewasbadlyoff,buthemanagedtokeepupappearance.

他雖然窮，但總算保住了體面。Theycannotevenkeepanappearanceofunity.他們甚至連表面團結都維持不了。3.Appearancesaredeceptive/334.imaginationmakesthingsoutfarworse:

whatoneimaginestendstobeworsethanrealitymakeout：seeorunderstandesp.withdifficulty勉強看出、認出；理解Translate:黑暗中我看不清他的表情。InthedarknessIcouldnotmakeouttheexpressiononhisface.她這個人真怪!我根本無法了解她。Whatastrangepersonsheis!Ican'tmakeheroutatall.4.imaginationmakesthingsou345.addressoneselfto1)(fml.)makeaspeechto,speaktoE.g.Thepresidentwasaddressinghimselfto/addressingthemeeting.2)directspeechorwritingto針對…而說；針對…而寫,論述E.g.Sheaddressedherselftoallofus.她是針對大家而說的。3)workat;bebusywith從事于;致力于E.g.It’stimeweaddressedourselvestothebusinessinhand.5.addressoneselfto356.nevergiveinexcepttostrongconvictionsofhonourandgoodsense:nevergiveinunlessweareconvincedthatitishonourableandsensibleforustodoso.

convictionn.

1)veryfirmandstrongbelief

堅信；信念Translate:我深信自滿情緒是我們各種問題的根源.It'smyconvictionthatcomplacencyisattherootofourtroubles.2)findingapersonguilty判決有罪，定罪convict

v.find…guilty宣告有罪E.g.Thecriminalwasconvictedofrobbery.6.nevergiveinexcepttostr367.ouraccountwasclosed:wewerecompletelydefeatedbyenemytroopscloseanaccountwith

與...結清帳目、停止交易，在...關閉戶頭openanaccountwith

在...開戶頭

settle/balance/squareone’saccountwith

與...結清帳目;(跟某人)算賬、將恩怨作一了斷,(向某人)報復7.ouraccountwasclosed:we378.liquidate1)payoff/settle(adebt,etc.)清償;償還E.g.Thegovernmentmadeeveryefforttostabilizetheeconomybyliquidatingthenationaldebt.政府以清償國家債務力謀穩定經濟。8.liquidate382)arrangetheendofbusinessfor(acompany)bydividingupitspropertytopaydebts清理,清算(公司,企業的帳目),停業E.g.UnfortunatelyIhad

toleavemyposition,asmyemployerha的beenforcedtoliquidatehisbusinessduetotheworldwideeconomicadversity.很不幸地，我不得不離職，因為這一次世界性的經濟不景氣，使我的雇主不得不結束業務。2)arrangetheendofbusiness393)putanendto;abolish;kill結束,肅清,消滅E.g.HitlertriedtoliquidatetheJewsinGermany.希特勒試圖全部消滅德國的猶太人。Translate：這些人很危險,得馬上把他們消滅掉。Thesemenaredangerous;theymustbeliquidatedimmediately.3)putanendto;abolish;kil409.Britainhaddrawnaspongeacrossherslate：Britainwascompletelywipedout.drawaspongeacrosstheslate:wipeouttheslatewithaspongeslate:

（粉筆可在上面寫字的）石板，木板passthe/aspongeoversth.:wipeout;agreetoforget(anoffence,etc.)抹去,勾銷;忘卻(嫌隙),不念(舊惡)wipetheslatecleanstartwithacleanslate:makeanewstartwithpasterrors,disagreementforgotten改過自新；重新開始；忘卻嫌隙，重歸于好9.Britainhaddrawnasponge4110.standinthegap:

首當其沖,承受最厲害的攻擊,獨當難局;挺身阻擋

勇敢捍衛E.g.Atthecriticalmomentofworldeconomicrecession,apowerfulgovernmentisneededtostandinthegap.10.standinthegap:首當其沖,承受4211.flinch:moveback,shrinkfromsomethingunpleasantordifficultasinfearoranxiety退縮；畏縮E.g.Thesight,bloodyandblack,madeBiggerflinchinvoluntarilyandlifthishandstohiseye.那景象--黑乎乎的，血肉模糊--使別格不由自主地向后縮去，舉起雙手捂住眼睛。11.flinch:moveback,shrink43Translate：Kate并不因為快要死去而畏縮，只是不愿離開她所愛的人。Katedidnotflinchatthethoughtofdying.Butshehatedthepossibilityofleavingherbelovedones.我們不應該懼怕承擔生活的責任。Weshouldn'tflinchfromtheresponsibilitiesoflife.Translate：4412.wehaveonlytoperseveretoconquer:wehavenochoicebuttoholdonuntilvictorycomesperseverev.continuefirmlyinspiteofdifficulties堅忍不拔,堅持不懈E.g.Talentisworthlessunlessyoupersevereindevelopingit.persevering

adj.

E.g.Heisaperseveringstudent.他是個有恒心的學生。perseverance

n.

毅力12.wehaveonlytopersevere45ParagraphAnalysis

ClosingRemarks:

Paragraphs6-8Inthisconcludingpart,Churchillreiteratedhisinspirationsbychangingawordinaverseofatraditionalsong.ParagraphAnalysis

ClosingRem46Q:WhydidChurchillreplacetheword"darker"with"sterner"?A:Becausehehadastrongconvictionofvictory.Theword"darker"carriesapessimistictone,foritindicates"aperiodofunpleasantandfrighteningtime"andimplieshopelessnessinadifficultperiod.Buttheword"sterner",althoughithastheidenticalreferent,suggeststhebrightsideofthesituationandshowsChurchill'soptimisticview.Bychangingtheword,ChurchillwantedtoconveytotheBritishpeoplethemessagethatalthoughtherewerestillgreatdifficultiesahead,GreatBritainwouldprevailintheend.Q:WhydidChurchillreplacet47LanguageWork

Paragraphs6-81.inone’shonor/inhonorof

為向...表示敬意,為紀念,為慶祝,為祝賀…Translate:為大使舉辦了一個歡送會。

AfarewellpartywasheldinhonoroftheAmbassador.這座紀念碑是為了紀念革命烈士而樹立的。Themonumentwasbuiltinhonoroftherevolutionarymartyrs.LanguageWork

Paragraphs6-81.482.

Compare:,complimentcomplementn./v.(somethingthat)completesormakesperfectE.g.Thiswinecomplementsthefoodperfectly./Aplimentn./v.

(make)

anexpressionofpraiseoradmiration恭維；稱贊E.g.Theycomplimentedthehostesson/gavethehostessacomplimentonthemealsheprepared.2.Compare:,compliment493.venturev.

1)beboldenoughtosayofdosth.thatmaybeopposedorconsideredfoolish冒昧地說,大膽地說;膽敢；大膽進行E.g.ventureanopinion/objection/explanation

敢于表明觀點、表示異議、進行辯解Iventuretodisagreewith/differfromyou.Iventuretosay/guessthat…恕我冒昧地說…Iwouldventuretosaythatinthenearfuturethedistinctionbetweenthesexeswillbecomeahistoricterm.我敢說……,ifImayventuretosayso.…,恕我冒昧這樣說3.venturev.50Translate:

我可以冒昧提個改動意見嗎？

MayIventuretosuggestachange?我剛試探著開口說話，立刻就遭到他的厲聲駁斥。ThemomentIventuredtospeak,Iwasatoncecontradictedwithasnap.Translate:我可以冒昧提個改動意見嗎？512)takeariskE.g.Nothingventured,nothinggained.[諺]不入虎穴,焉得虎子。Theexplorersventuredforthtodiscovernewlands.探險家冒險去發現新地域.Heventuredoutintothestorminathickcoat,hatandscarf.他身穿厚大衣，頭戴帽子，系了圍巾，冒著暴風雨出去了。

2)takearisk52RhetoricalfeaturesChurchill’soutstandoratoryisstillwell-rememberedtoday.Hisevocativeandstirringrhetoric,employedinmanyfamousspeechesduringWWII,isseenasrepresentingthespiritofwartimeBritain.Repetition(thetitle,Paragraph4)Metaphor(“drawaspongeacrossherslate”’,“stoodinthegap”,Paragraph5)Antonyms

(ups/downs,short/long,triumph/disaster,great/small,large/pettydark,days/greatdays)RhetoricalfeaturesChurchill’s53SpeechAppreciationListentoandappreciatethefollowingspeechmadebyWinstonChurchillonMay13,1940

Famouslinefromit:

"IhavenothingtoofferbutBlood,Toil,TearsandSweat."SpeechAppreciationListentoa54VideoClipWatchavideoclipaboutWinstonChurchillandpreparetododictationexercise.WinstonChurchill,LifeMagazine'sManofTheCentury,firstmadeanameforhimselfasa___(1)___soldierintheBoerWar.By1910,hemadeanamein___(2)___asBritain'sHomeSecretary.He___(3)___manyposts,includingfirstLordoftheAdmiraltybefore___(4)___PrimeMinisterin1940.VideoClipWatchavideoclipa55WithBritain___(5)___aloneagainstHitler,heexpertly___(6)___bothFranklinRooseveltandJosephStalinintoanalliancethateventually___(7)___theNazis.Ironically,themanwholedEnglandfrom___(8)___tovictorywasvotedoutmonthslater.Uponlearningthenewsinthe___(9)___,hereplied:"Thatisdemocracy.That'swhatwe'vebeenfightingfor.Handmemytowel."Hewasre-electedin1951and___(10)___asSirWinstononApril24,1953.WithBritain___(5)___a56KeytoDictation(1)

daring

(2)

politics

(3)

filled

(4)

becoming

(5)

standing(6)

orchestrated

(7)

crushed

(8)

despair

(9)

bath

(10)

knightedKeytoDictation(1)

daring

(57TextIITime

Usefulwordsandexpressions1.succession

n.繼任,繼位,繼承(權)insuccessionto

繼...之后(擔任),繼位/任E.g.befirstinsuccessiontothethrone是王位的第一繼承人succeedv.

succeedtothethrone/theproperty/afortune/atitle繼承succeedsb.as

繼某人出任(某職)succeedsb.in

繼某人接掌(某職權);襲某人爵位/官銜TextIITime

Usefulwordsand582.taketo

1)like;becomefondoforattachedto喜愛;喜歡上…或和…變得親近E.g.JeantooktoPaulassoonastheymet.2)beginasapractice,habit,ect.開始持續地做,養成...的習慣,沉迷于,嗜好E.g.John’stakentodrinkinglately.染上了酗酒的惡習2.taketo593.engagev.

1)requiretheuseof;occupy,takeup(time,thought,attention,etc.)使用;占用;吸引,引起(注意)E.g.Workengagesmuchofhertime.

Nothingengageshisattentionforlong.2)Othercollocations:beengagedby

為...所吸引beengaged(in)

正做著,正忙著engagein

從事,忙于;(takepartin)參加,加入beengagedto/engageoneselfto同...訂婚3.engagev.604.stingv.causetosufferkeenlyinthemindorfeelings精神上刺痛E.g..Tmitv.1)

使（部隊）投入戰斗,指派...作戰E.g.Thecommanderhascommittedallhistroopstothefrontlines.指揮員已將其所有的部隊調到前線投入戰斗.4.stingv.causetosufferke612)promise(esp.oneself,one’sproperty)toacertaincause,position,orcourseofaction使承擔義務;承諾；約定E.g.Hewouldnotcommithimselfinanyway.

他無論如何不愿承擔義務.

commitoneselftothecauseofrevolution

獻身于革命事業.Ifyouwanttobecomeanactor,youreallyhavetocommityourselftoit.要是你想成為一名演員,就得全身心地投入。3)犯（錯誤、罪）；做（壞事、傻事)

commitacrime/anerror/suicide2)promise(esp.oneself,one’626.resign

v.

辭職resignfrom(ajob/aboardofdirectors)resignone'sposition(assecretary)resignoffice

辭職7.sustain

v.keepinexistence;maintain繼續；維持E.g.Canwesustainourgrowthanddevelopmentgoingforward?我們能否持續發展，繼續向前邁進？sustainabledevelopment

可持續發展6.resignv.辭職63BackgroundInformation

JohnChurchill(1650-1722)(FirstDukeofMarlborough)馬爾伯勒一等公爵EnglishgeneralandstatesmanduringthereignsofJamesII,Anne,andGeorgeI.Heisconsideredamonghistory'sgreatestmilitarycommanders.BackgroundInformationJohnC64Sandhurst英國皇家陸軍軍官學校所在地Avillageofsouth-centralEnglandsoutheastofReading.ItsfamedRoyalMilitaryCollege(nowAcademy)wasfoundedinthe1790's.Sandhurst英國皇家陸軍軍官學校所在地65QuestionsfordiscussionWhenandhowdidChurchillstepontotheworldstage?2.WhydidChurchillhopetheUSAcouldjointhewaragainstHitler?3.Inwhatway,accordingtotheauthorofthistext,wasChurchillasuccessfulstatesman?QuestionsfordiscussionWhena66OralActivity:CelebrityBiographyI.Searchfortheinformation(tobeassignedbeforeclass)SearchforinformationaboutafamouspersonontheInternetorelsewhere.Findoutasmuchasyoucanaboutthatperson(e.g.his/herbirthday,childhood,schoollife,family,work,love,achievements,lifestory,troubles,ect.)Cometotheclasswiththeinformation.OralActivity:CelebrityBiogr67II.PairWork:InterviewthefamouspersonWorkinpairs:oneofyouisareporter,andtheotheristhefamouspersonyoulearnedabout.Thereporterisinterviewingthefamousperson.Thenreverseyourroleswithyourpartner.Whenallthestudentshavefinishedtheinterviews,oneortwopairswillbeinvitedtoactouttheirinterviewsfortheclass.II.PairWork:68III.GroupWork:Guesswhothepersonis

Usetheinformationyoufindaboutthecelebrityyouchose.Workoutashortbiographyabouthim/herwithoutmentioningthename.Thentaketurnsintroducingthepersontothegroup.Othersguesswhothepersonis.III.GroupWork:69KEYTOEXERCISESTextcomprehension(P5-6)I.Decidewhichofthefollowingbeststatesthespeaker'spurpose.B.II.Judge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.1.T.Refertothelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph.2.T.Refertothesecondparagraph.

KEYTOEXERCISESTextcomprehen703.F.RefertoParagraphs4.Imaginativepeoplesometimesarepessimistic,astheyseethingsfarworsethantheyareandforeseemoredangersthantherewillbe.4.F.RefertoParagraph5.AtthebeginningoftheGermancontinual,intenseairraidsmanynationsthoughtthatBritainwasfinished.Buttotheirsurprise,Britainstoodtheordealandthismiraclechangedtheviewofthosenations.3.F.RefertoParagraphs4.71III.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Becauseheunderstandsthatthewarislongandtough:itisnottoendinmonthsbutinyears.Hetellsthepeopletherethathoweverlongthewarlasts,thefinalvictorybelongstoBritain.Butatthesametimehemakesitclearthatnoteverydayisanopportunitytotakeaction:theyhaveyettowaitandpersevere.III.Answerthefollowingques722.ForonethingwhenBritaincameundertheheavyairattacksbyGermany,manyothernationsthoughtthatBritainwasfinished.Asthecountrystoodtheordealtotheirgreatsurprise,thosenationschangedtheirview.Foranother,peoplenowstarttoseethehopeofthefinalvictoryaslongastheyperseveretotheend,asopposedtotheirpessimisticmoodinthepastasevidencedbytheterm"darkerdays"inaschoolsongandbytheauthor'ssuppressionofhisdesiretochangeit.2.ForonethingwhenBritain733.Becausetheauthorhasastrongconvictionofvictory.Thetwotermshavedifferentimplications.Whenusedinthetexttorefertothedaysofwar,"darkerdays"emphasizesthedark/negativesideoftheeventandshowstheuser'spessimism."Sternerdays",thoughidenticalinitsreference,suggeststhebrightsideandshowstheuser'soptimism.3.Becausetheauthorhasast74IV.Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsentencestakenfromthetext.1....Britainhasbeenintoolongaperiodofstillnesswithouttakinganyparticularactionagainsttheenemy!2....wearesuretoexperiencebothTriumphandDisaster,andwemusttreatthemasthesamethingtakingdifferentappearancesbecausetheyareessentiallyinterchangeable.IV.Explaininyourownwords753....nevergiveinunlessweareconvincedthatitishonourableandsensibleforustodoso.4.OthernationsthoughtthatBritainwascompletelyconquered.5....wewillwinaslongasweholdontotheend.3....