書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-廈門海洋職業技術學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

I（

）myeyesroundtheroombutsawnothingunusual.

問題1選項

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項jerk“猛拉”；B選項flung“猛推”；C選項toss“拋，投”；D選項cast“投擲”。castone’seyes為固定搭配，意為“掃視”。句意：我環視了房間的四周，但沒有發現什么異常。選項D符合句意。

2.單選題

VI.LitigationProcedure

Methodsofservingprocessincivilcaseshavebothevolvedanderoded.InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.Eventually,arrestatthecommencementofacivilactionwasdeferred.Arrestwasthenreplacedwithsubjectiontothecourt’spowerbypersonaldeliveryofprocess,whichservedasthefoundationforonemodernservicemethodwhereaUnitedStatesMarshalpersonallyhandsthesummonstoadefendant.

Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsoldandnotapartytothelawsuit.Eventherequirementthatadefendantpersonallyreceivethesummonswasdilutedbytheadditionofanalternativemethodallowingasummonsandcomplainttobeleftatthedefendant’s“dwellingorusualplaceofabodewithsomeoneofsuitableageanddiscretionwhoresidesthere.”

Fromtherecipient’sperspective,thesummoningcourt’sassertionofpowerhasgraduallywornaway.Asoneexpertinthefieldaptlydescribed:“TheawesomeimpactofthesheriffarrivinginarmorandonhorsebacktodeliverawritinmedievalEnglandandtheauthorityofthesovereignsealedinthehot,redwaxofearliertimeshasbeenreplacedbyablandmanilaenvelopecarryingapostagestampthatmaycelebratenotionsofloveorpoetry.”

Althoughmostmodernservicemethodsarewelcomeimprovementstothoseofearlieryears(i.e.,notneedingtoarrestalldefendantsineverycivilaction),thisArticlearguestheservicemethodauthorizedbyRule7004(b)(1)oftheFederalRulesofBankruptcyProcedureviolatesadefendant’sdueprocessrightsundertheFifthAmendment.Rule7004(b)(1)allowsasummonsandcomplainttobeservedby“firstclassmailpostageprepaid...totheindividual’sdwellinghouseorusualplaceofabodeortotheplacewheretheindividualregularlyconductsabusinessorprofession.”Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt,nocertifiedmailing,andnowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned.Otherthanthedefendant’sresponse,ifany,thereisnowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint.

71.ThedefendantinacivilcaseintheUnitedStateshadbeennotifiedaboutthecaseinthefollowingwayBUT___.

72.Thelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeansthat___.

73.AccordingtoRule7004(b)(1),adefendantinabankruptcycaseisservedby___.

74.TheproblemoftheRule7004(b)(1)forservingasummonsisthefollowing,except___.

問題1選項

A.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyUSMarshal

B.personaldeliveryofthesummonsbyanyoneabove18notapartytothelawsuit

C.summonsandcomplaintbeleftatthedefendant’sdwelling

D.arrested

問題2選項

A.summoningprocessisthecourt’sassertionofpower

B.deliveryofasummonsisnolongerasseriousasbefore

C.thereshouldbeaspecialformofsummoning

D.asummonsmaybesentwithablandmanilaenvelopetogetherwithaloveletter

問題3選項

A.registeredmail

B.personaldelivery

C.firstclassmail

D.firstclassmailpostagetobepaid

問題4選項

A.Thedefendantisnotnotified

B.Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt

C.Nowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned

D.Nowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】71.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干定位到原文第一段InmedievalEngland,arrestofthedefendantwascommonattheoutsetofcivilactionsatlaw.Althougharrestcertainlyprovidednotice,itsprimarypurposewastoaccomplishthecourt’sassertionofphysicalpoweroverthedefendant.（在中世紀的英國，逮捕被告在民事訴訟開始時是很常見的。雖然逮捕確實提供了通知，但其主要目的是實現法院對被告人的實際權力的主張）可知逮捕是在中世紀的英國而不是美國，D選項“逮捕”符合題意；第二段Theideathatonlyagovernmentalofficer,suchasaUnitedStatesMarshalordeputy,couldbetheserverwaseventuallyabandonedinfavorofallowingtheservertobeanypersonthatisatleasteighteenyearsoldandnotapartytothelawsuit.（認為只有政府官員，比如美國法警或副警長才能成為傳送者的想法最終被放棄，轉而允許傳送者是任何年滿18歲的人，且不是訴訟的一方）可知A選項“美國法警親自交付傳票”和B選項“18歲以上的非訴訟方的個人送達傳票”符合美國民事案件中傳送法院傳票的方法，排除；第二段Eventherequirementthatadefendantpersonallyreceivethesummonswasdilutedbytheadditionofanalternativemethodallowingasummonsandcomplainttobeleftatthedefendant’s“dwellingorusualplaceofabodewithsomeoneofsuitableageanddiscretionwhoresidesthere.”（甚至要求被告親自收到傳票的要求也因增加了另一種方法而被淡化了，這種方法允許將傳票和申訴留在被告的“由具有適當年齡和自由裁量權的人居住在那里的住所或通常居住的地方”）可知C選項“傳票和申訴留在被告住所”符合美國民事案件中傳送法院傳票的方法，排除。因此D選項符合題意。

72.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據題干定位到原文第三段最后一句“TheawesomeimpactofthesheriffarrivinginarmorandonhorsebacktodeliverawritinmedievalEnglandandtheauthorityofthesovereignsealedinthehot,redwaxofearliertimeshasbeenreplacedbyablandmanilaenvelopecarryingapostagestampthatmaycelebratenotionsofloveorpoetry.”（“在中世紀的英格蘭，警長身穿盔甲騎馬前來遞交令狀，君主的權威在炎熱的天氣里被封印，這種可怕的影響，早期的紅蠟已經被一個平淡的馬尼拉信封所取代，信封上貼著郵票，可以慶祝愛情或詩歌的概念。”）結合第三段第一句Fromtherecipient’sperspective,thesummoningcourt’sassertionofpowerhasgraduallywornaway.（從接受者的角度看，傳喚法院的權力主張已逐漸消磨殆盡）可知現在的法院傳票已經不像以前一樣有儀式感和嚴肅感，選B選項“傳票的送達不再像以前那樣嚴肅”，D選項“傳票可以和一封情書連同一個乏味的牛皮紙信封一起寄出”明顯不符合原文，排除；A選項“傳喚程序是法院對權力的主張”和C選項“應該有一種特殊的召喚形式”第三段未涉及，第三段只是在描述法院傳票不再像以前那樣嚴肅，沒有提出其他建議。因此B選項符合題意。

73.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干關鍵字“Rule7004(b)(1)”定位到原文第三段Rule7004(b)(1)allowsasummonsandcomplainttobeservedby“firstclassmailpostageprepaid...”（規則7004（b）（1）允許傳票和申訴通過“預付一等郵資的郵件……”）可知選D選項“第一類郵件的郵資預付”；A選項“掛號郵件”，B選項“個人支付”和C選項“第一類郵件”不符合原文。因此D選項正確。

74.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節題。根據題干關鍵字“Rule7004(b)(1)”定位到原文第三段Thereisnoacknowledgementofreceipt,nocertifiedmailing,andnowaiverdocumentthatmustbesignedandreturned.Otherthanthedefendant’sresponse,ifany,thereisnowaytoknowwhetherthedefendantreceivedthesummonsandcomplaint.（沒有回執，沒有掛號信，無需簽署并返還的棄權文件。除了被告的答復（如果有的話），沒有辦法知道被告是否收到傳票和申訴）可知A選項“被告未被通知”并不是關于送達傳票的第7004(b)(1)條規則的問題；B選項“沒有回執”，C選項“沒有必須簽署和返還的放棄文件”以及D選項“無法得知被告是否收到傳票和投訴”和原文相符。因此A選項符合題意。

3.單選題

HeexpectedtheHousetopassthebillbyacomfortable（

）.

問題1選項

A.maple

B.marble

C.marsh

D.margin

【答案】D

【解析】形近詞辨析。maple楓樹；marble大理石；marsh沼澤；均不符合句意。margin指（在時間或票數上領先的）幅度,差額,差數。句意:他希望眾議院能以輕松的優勢通過這項法案。選項D符合句意。

4.單選題

Superficialdifferencesbetweenthespecialproblemsandtechniquesofthephysicalsciencesandthoseofthebiologicalsciencesaresometimescitedasevidenceforthe（）ofbiologyandfortheclaimthatthemethodsofphysicsarethereforenotadequatetobiologicalinquiry.

問題1選項

A.autonomy

B.vitality

C.purposefulness

D.obsolescence

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：自然科學和生物科學的特殊問題和技術之間的表面差異有時會被用來證明生物學的（），并且用來說明自然科學的方法對生物科學的探究是不夠的。

autonomy自治，自治權；vitality活力，生氣，生命力；purposefulness目的性；意志堅強；obsolescence退化，荒廢。A選項表示將兩門學科之間的一些淺顯區別用于證明生物學是獨立的，符合題意。

5.單選題

Thosewhoanticipatepricechangescorrectlycanoftengainfinanciallyfromtheirforesight.

問題1選項

A.forecast

B.vision

C.estimate

D.talent

【答案】B

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.forecast預測，預報B.vision眼力，遠見卓識

C.estimate（對數量、成本等的）估計，估價D.talent天資，天賦

【答案】B

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】foresight的意思為“深謀遠慮，先見之明”，指的是有先見之明的人可以正確預測價格變化，因此就可以獲得可觀的經濟收益，強調對事物發展的洞察力，vision與之詞義相近，因此B選項正確。

【干擾項排除】A、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】那些正確預測價格變化的人往往能從他們的遠見中獲得經濟利益。

6.單選題

Prof.Flynnfoundnostudentsinthelecturehallwhenhearrived.Onlythendidherealizethathecame（

）early.

問題1選項

A.toomuch

B.muchtoo

C.somuch

D.muchso

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。Toomuch“太多”，為形容詞短語，修飾名詞；muchtoo“太······，非常······”，為副詞短語，修飾形容詞或者副詞；somuch“這么”，副詞短語，放在動詞后修飾動詞，或者作形容詞短語修飾名詞；mushso這個短語不存在。句意：Flynn教授到達階梯教室時沒有看見一個學生。直到那時他才意識到他來得太早了。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

SocialcircumstancesinEarlyModernEnglandmostlyservedtorepresswomen’svoices.Patriarchalcultureandinstitutionsconstructedthemaschaste,silent,obedient,andsubordinate.Atthebeginningof17thcentury,theideologyofpatriarchy,politicalabsolutism,andgenderhierarchywerereaffirmedpowerfullybyKingJamesinTheTrewLawofFreeMonarchieandtheBasilikonDoron;bythatideologytheabsolutepowerofGodthesupremepatriarchwasseentobeimagedintheabsolutemonarchofthestateandinthehusbandandfatherofafamily.Accordingly,awoman’ssubjection,firsttoherfatherandthentoherhusband,imagedthesubjectionofEnglishpeopletotheirmonarch,andofallChristianstoGod.Also,theperiodsawanoutpouringofrepressiveorovertlymisogynistsermons,tracts,andplays,detailingwomen’sphysicalandmentaldefects,spiritualevils,rebelliousness,shrewishness,andnaturalinferioritytomen.

Yetsomesocialandculturalconditionsservedtoempowerwomen.DuringtheElizabethanera(1558——1603)theculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.Elizabethanwomenwritersbegantoproduceoriginaltextsbutwereoccupiedchieflywithtranslation.Inthe17thcentury,however,variouscircumstancesenabledwomentowriteoriginaltextsinsomenumbers.Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities—mothersanddaughters,extendedkinshipnetworks,closefemalefriends,theseparatecourtofQueenAnne(KingJames’consort)andheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation(modernlanguages,history,literature,religion,music,occasionallyLatin)andsomeapparentlyfoundinromancesandhistoriesmoreexpansivetermsforimaginingwomen’slives.Also,representationofvigorousandrebelliousfemalecharactersinliteratureandespeciallyonthestagenodoubthelpedtoundermineanymonolithicsocialconstructofwomen’snatureandrole.

Mostimportant,perhaps,wastheradicalpotentialinherentintheProtestantinsistenceoneveryChristian’simmediaterelationshipwithGodandprimaryresponsibilitytofollowhisorherindividualconscience.ThereisplentyofsupportinStPaul’sepistlesandelsewhereintheBibleforpatriarchyandawife’ssubjectiontoherhusband,butsometexts(notablyGalatians3:28)inscribeaverydifferentpolitics,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality:“ThereisneitherJewnorGreek,thereisneitherbondnorfree,thereisneithermalenorfemale:foryearealloneinJesusChrist.”SuchtextsencouragedsomewomentoclaimthesupportofGodthesupremepatriarchagainstthevariousearthlypatriarchswhoclaimedtostandtowardtheminhisstead.

Thereisalsothegaporslippagebetweenideologyandcommonexperience.Englishwomenthroughoutthe17thcenturyexercisedagooddealofactualpower;asmanagersofestatesintheirhusbands’absencesatcourtoronmilitaryanddiplomaticmissions;asmembersofguilds;aswivesandmotherswhosometimesdominatedtheirmenbysheerforceofpersonalityoroutrightdefiance.TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnum(1640—60)astheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles—aspreachers,asprophetesses,asdeputiesforexiledroyalisthusbands,aswritersofreligiousandpoliticaltracts.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.WhatdidtheQueenElizabethdoforthewomeninculture?

3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasareasontoenablewomentooriginaltexts?

4.Whatdidthereligiondoforthewomen?

5.Whatdoestheword“apex”meaninthelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.Women’sPositioninthe17thCentury.

B.Women’sSubjectiontoPatriarchy.

C.SocialCircumstancesinthe17thCentury.

D.Women’sObjectioninthe17thCentury.

問題2選項

A.Shesetanimpressivefemaleexampletofollow.

B.Shedominatedtheculture.

C.Shedidlittle.

D.Sheallowedwomentotranslatesomething.

問題3選項

A.Femalecommunitiesprovidedsomecounterweighttopatriarchy.

B.QueenAnne’spoliticalactivities.

C.Mostwomenhadagoodeducation.

D.QueenElizabeth’spoliticalactivities.

問題4選項

A.Itdidnothing.

B.Ittooaskedwomentobeobedientexceptsometexts.

C.Itsupportedwomen.

D.ItappealedtotheGod.

問題5選項

A.thelowestpoint

B.theend

C.ultimate

D.summit

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段主要是講17世紀初，英國的社會環境主要是壓制婦女的聲音；第二段主要講述17世紀，一些社會和文化條件賦予婦女權力；第三段講述整個17世紀，英國女性行使了大量實際權力，并在中期達到頂峰。所以本文主要是論述17世紀英國婦女的地位。選項A正確。

2.根據第二段的第二句“DuringtheElizabethaneratheculturewasdominatedbyapowerfulQueen,whoprovidedanimpressivefemaleexamplethoughsheleftscantculturalspaceforotherwomen.”伊麗莎白時代的文化由一個強大的女王統治，盡管她為其他女性沒有留下多少文化空間，但她本人卻樹立了一個令人印象深刻的女性榜樣。由此推斷，選項C符合原文。。

3.根據第二段后半部分的內容“Foronething,somecounterweighttopatriarchywasprovidedbyfemalecommunities...,theseparatecourtofQueenAnneandheroftenop-positionalmasquesandpoliticalactivities.Foranother,mostofthesewomenhadareasonablygoodeducation”只有選項D沒有提及。

4.根據第三段的第二句“Thereisplentyofsupport...,promotingwomen’sspiritualequality...”，在《圣保羅書信集》和《圣經》的其他地方都有很多支持父權制，認為妻子應該對丈夫的服從，但是一些文本(尤其是迦3:28章節)卻記錄了一種完全不同的政治，提倡婦女的精神平等。所以選項B符合原文。

5.根據下文“TheirpowerreacheditsapexduringtheEnglishCivilWarandInterregnumastheexecutionoftheKingandtheattendantdisruptionofsocialhierarchiesledmanywomentoseizenewroles”當時國王被處決，隨之而來的社會等級制度被打破，導致許多女性獲得了新的角色。由此推斷，女性權力在英國內戰和過渡期達到了頂峰，選項D正確。thelowestpoint指最低點；theend指終點；ultimate指終極的。

8.單選題

IfI______forajob,I______theadvertisementcolumnseverymorning.

問題1選項

A.waslooking...hadread

B.werelooking...couldread

C.looked…shouldhadread

D.werelooking...wouldread

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。根據句子中的關鍵詞everymorning“每天早上”可知，本句考查的是對現在事實相反的假設，if從句中動詞用一般過去時，be動詞用were，主句謂語動詞為should/would/could+動詞原形，所以A、C兩項可以排除；根據語境可知，情態動詞選擇would最符合句意。句意：如果我在找工作，我會每天早上看廣告欄。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

9.單選題

Workersinthiscountryaregettinghigherwageswhileturningoutpoorproductsthatdonot______thetestofinternationalcompetition.

問題1選項

A.keepupwith

B.standupto

C.complywith

D.attendto

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項keepupwith“趕得上”；B選項standupto“經得起；抵抗”；C選項complywith“遵守”；D選項attendto“照料；致力于”。句意：該國工人們拿著更高的工資，但他們生產的產品卻不能______國際競爭的考驗。根據語境，B選項standupto“經得起；抵抗”搭配test“考驗”比較合理，意指產品質量低劣，符合題意。因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”

Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.

Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?

ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.

TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.

Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”

GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”

Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”

Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.

Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”

Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.

1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.

2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.

3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.

4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.

問題1選項

A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents

B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples

C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears

D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside

問題2選項

A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents

B.sympathizewithNeapolitans

C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans

D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans

問題3選項

A.wasunrealistic

B.wentabittoofar

C.wasextraordinary

D.gaverisetoconcern

問題4選項

A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets

B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis

C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar

D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“第二段和第三段中的兩個例子旨在說明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.（那不勒斯：意大利糟糕的城市，在那里甚至連真相都有一種奇怪的虛構色彩），接著第二段和第三段舉出了兩個例子：一個是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.（一輛小汽車與一輛城市小型公共汽車追尾。公共汽車司機下車去調查。當他站在那里說話時，他唯一的乘客拿起方向盤開走了）；另外一個是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?（在中央郵局忙碌的午餐時間，天花板上的一條裂縫裂開了，郵政工人被一大堆過期的羊角面包壓得喘不過氣來。當清潔工把裝著發霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走時，問題來了：是誰？為什么？那上面還可能有什么？），從這兩個例子可以推知，那不勒斯這個城市的糟糕的狀況，故D項“一切似乎都是錯位的”符合題意；A項“那不勒斯的交通事故發生率很高”和C項“那里的人們喜歡把食物儲存多年”只是例子；B項“在那不勒斯，任何不尋常的事情都可能發生”表示不夠準確，這些事情并不是不尋常的，而是糟糕的。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以得出結論，北方人……”。根據文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.（對許多意大利人來說，尤其是那些生活在富裕、工業化的北方的意大利人來說，這一切都不足為奇。對他們來說，那不勒斯意味著政治上的腐敗，浪費的聯邦補貼，猖獗的有組織犯罪，可怕的大家庭，以及狡詐、懶惰的人們，他們寧愿做一些陰暗的事情也不愿做誠實的工作。）可知，北方的意大利人對那不勒斯是批判的態度，A項“對那不勒斯所代表的東西持批評態度”正確；由此也可知B項“同情那不勒斯人”和C項“和那不勒斯人有很多共同點”不正確；D項“盡量避開那不勒斯人”，文章在此處主要是表達意大利的北方人對那不勒斯的批判，并不能推斷出他們想盡量避開那不勒斯人。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人對城市的感情……”。根據文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”（那不勒斯人可能會抱怨，但大多數人無法想象住在其他地方。這個城市有一個大家庭的親密、緊張和瘋狂，但卻有著強烈的奉獻精神。這里的人和紐約人一樣，有一種偏執的自豪感。他們愛那些即使壞了的食物，他們喜歡做那不勒斯人。他們知道外人不懂，他們不在乎。一個女人說：“即使你走了，你仍然是這座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多問題，但離開它我感覺很糟糕。”）可以推斷出，在此處作者暗示那不勒斯人對他們城市的感情是特別的，是非凡的，C項“是非凡的”正確；由此也可知，A項“是不現實的”和D項“引起關注”不正確；B項“有點太過了”是干擾項，根據該段那不勒斯人對自己城市的描述可以知道這種情感并不顯得很夸張。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“當作者說‘如今，那些評價就沒有那么有詩意了’時，他實際上的意思是……”。文章倒數第二段講述了那不勒斯這個城市過去的輝煌和教養，接著最后一段第一句作者就說Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.（如今，那些評價就沒有那么有詩意了），接著就講到了那不勒斯屢屢遭受災難和不堪的現狀，由此可以推知，作者說這一句話的意思是那不勒斯如今的問題已經使得過去的輝煌暗淡模糊，D項“這個城市目前的問題使它輝煌的過去痕跡模糊”正確；A項“這個城市現在可以夸耀的詩人很少了”，最后兩段沒有提到詩人；B項“藝術家和作家都去了倫敦和巴黎”沒有提到；C項“這座城市在戰爭期間遭受了猛烈的轟炸”這只是那不勒斯如今的問題使得過去的輝煌痕跡模糊的原因之一。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

11.單選題

IfthereisonethinginterpretersworkingfortheEuropeanUniondread,itisattemptsathumour.Itisnotjustthatjokesarehardtotranslate;becauseofthetimeneededforinterpretation,theycanpromptlaughteratthewrongmoment.Aspeakeroncebeganwithananecdote,andthenmournedadeadcolleague—tobemetbyagaleofgiggles,aslistenersgothisjoke.

Thetime-lagshavegrownworsewiththeexpansionoftheEU,tomakeatotalof25countries.FindinginterpreterswhocantranslatedirectlyfromEstoniantoPortugueseiswell-nighimpossible.Sonowspeechesaretranslatedinrelays,firstintoEnglishandthenintoathirdlanguage.Ifonlyeverybodywouldagreetospeakoneortwoofficialtongues,itwouldbeeasier.Orwouldit?Infact,misunderstandingscanaboundevenwhenallpartiesspeakfluentEnglishorFrench.Culturaldifferencesmeanthataliteralunderstandingofwhatsomeonesaysisoftenaworldawayfromrealunderstanding.Forexample,howmanynon-Britscoulddecodetheirony(andliteraryallusion)whichliesbehindtheexpression“uptoapoint”,whichisusedtomean“no,notintheslightest”?

TheproblemisnowsowidelyrecognizedthatinformalguidestowhattheFrenchortheEnglishreallymean,whentheyarespeakingtheirmothertongues,havebeendrawnupbyothernationalities.

OnehaswrittenfortheDutch,tryingtodobusinesswithBritish.AnotherwaswrittenbyBritishdiplomats,asaguidetothelanguageusedbytheirFrenchcounterparts.ThefactthattheDutch—soeerilyfluentinEnglish—shouldneedaguidetoBrit-speakisparticularlystriking.Buttheproblem—tojudgebytheguide,whichwasspottedonanofficewallintheEuropeanCourtofJustice—isthatBritsmaketheirpointsinanindirectmannerthattheplain-speakingNederlandersfindbaffling.

Hencetheguide’swarningthatwhenaBritonsays“Ihearwhatyousay”,theforeignlistenermayunderstand:“Heacceptsmypointofview.”Infact,theBritishspeakermeans:“IdisagreeandIdonotwanttodiscussitanyfurther.”Similarlythephrase“withthegreatestrespect”whenusedbyanEnglishmanisrecognizabletoacompatriotasanicyput-down,correctlytranslatedbytheguideasmeaning“Ithinkyouarewrong,orafool.”

TheBritish,theFrenchandtheDutchareoldsparringpartnerswhoknoweachother’slittleways.Sothecapacityformisunderstandingisamplifiedwhennationalitiesthatarelessfamiliarwitheachothercomeintocontact.Oftentheproblemsarelesstodowiththemeaningofwordsthantheirunexpectedimpactonanaudience.TaketheEuropeansummitlastDecember,whenitfelltoSilvioBerlusconi,theItalianprimeminister,totrytowrapupsensitivenegotiationsoveraproposedconstitutionfortheEuropeanUnion.

WhenEUleadersfiledintolunch,theywerebracedfortoughnegotiation;sotheywerestartledwhenMr.Berlusconisuggestedthattheydiscuss“footballandwomen”—andthatGerhardSchroder,theGermanchancellor,shouldleadthediscuss,ashehasbeenmarriedfourtimes.SomeEuropeandiplomatsconcludethatMr.BerlusconimusthavebeendeliberatelybatingMr.Schroder.ButwhentheItalianleaderwasquestionedabouthischairmanshipatapressconference,hegrewhotunderthecollar,pointingoutthathewouldhardlyhavebecomeabillionaireunlesshewerefullycapableofchairingameeting.AndindeedhisdefenderssaythatinItalianbusinesscirclesitcanbeperfectlynormaltosetajocularandrelaxedtonebeforeadifficultmeeting,bydiscussinglastnight’sfoot