書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-南昌大學共青學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theprotestswerepartoftheir（）againsttheproposedbuildingdevelopmentinthearea.

問題1選項

A.commission

B.commitment

C.convention

D.campaign

【答案】D

【解析】語義題。commission授權，委托；commitment承諾，許諾，保證；convention習俗，慣例。campaign運動,戰役。根據句中protests，partof推測,D項campaign符合句意。

2.不定項選擇題

Microsoftisnolongertheworld’sbiggestcompanybymarketcapitalization.ThereotherU.Scompanieshaveovertakenthesoftwaregiantintermsofstockmarketvalue.Thefirm’svaluehasgonedownsharplyby41%sofarthisyear,fromnearly$600billionto$358billion.Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.

OverthepastyearMicrosoftshareshavemoveddownwardsfromahighof$120to$68inearlytradingon7June.MeanwhilerivalCiscohasseenitssharepriceriseby$25tomorethan$60asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.AndformostoftheyearithasbeencompetingwithcomputerchipmakerIntelforthesecondplace.Intel’sPentiumchipsarewidelyusedinpersonalcomputersworldwide.

Thecompanythatnowholdsthetitleoftheworld’biggestcompanyisanindustrialgiantwhichmakeseverythingfromtoasterstojetengines.GEhassalesof$110billion—nearlytentimesthatofMicrosoftand340,000employeesworldwide.Ithasseenitsprofitsgrowby15%ayearto$11billion.GECapitalServices,itsfinancialsubsidiary,makeupnearlyhalfitssales.GEproducespowergenerationsystems,locomotive,medicalimagingequipmentandelectricalappliances.ItalsoowntheU.StelevisionnetworkNBCanditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.

Microsoft’ssharesnowfaceafurtherperiodofuncertaintyasthecompany’slegalbattlecontinues.Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.TheSeattlebasedfirmislikelytogotoanappealscourtonanyrulings.Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.

1.Microsoft’ssharesaredevalueddrasticallyowingto（

）.

2.CiscoSystem’ssharepricehasrisenconsiderably（

）.

3.WhichisnowthesecondbiggestcompanyintheUnitedStates?

4.WhichofthefollowingcompaniesisownedbyGeneralElectricandMicrosofttogether?

5.WhyisitdifficultforMicrosofttoretainemployees?

問題1選項

A.fiercecompetitionfromrivals

B.itsinvolvementinalawsuit

C.thecourtrulings

D.thedecreaseinsalesvolume

問題2選項

A.afterithasovertakenpartofMicrosoft’sshares

B.afterithasbeatenIntelandrisentothesecondplace

C.sinceithasgainedafirmfootinginthemarket

D.becauseitisdevelopingjointlywithMicrosoft

問題3選項

A.GeneralElectric

B.Intel

C.CiscoSystems

D.GECapitalServices

問題4選項

A.GECapitalServices

B.NBC

C.CNBC

D.MSNBC

問題5選項

A.Becauseitfacesanuncertainfuture.

B.Becauseitwillhaveprobleminnovatingitself.

C.Becauseitwillhaveproblempayingthem.

D.Becauseitmaybeboughtupbyitscompetitorsoneday.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實細節題。題干：微軟公司市值急劇下降的原因是……。A選項“與對手的激烈競爭”；B選項“卷入到一場訴訟中”C選項“法院裁決”；D選項“銷售量的下降”根據題干定位到第一段倒數第二句話Muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.（股價下跌的主要原因是正在進行的反壟斷案引發的）。所以答案是B，文中沒有提到法院的裁決所以不能選C。

第2題:事實細節題。題干：思科系統公司的股價上升……。A選項“在它超過了微軟的部分股份之后”；B選項“在擊敗英特爾并上升到第二位之后”；C選項“因為它已經在市場上站穩了腳跟”；D選項“因為它是和微軟合作開發的”。根據題干定位到第二段第二句話…asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheInternet.（……當該公司已經在為互聯網提供硬件方面獲得了自己的角色），C選項是這句話的同義替換，所以答案選C；文中沒有提及股價上升的具體時間也沒有說該公司加入了微軟，所以A、B、D選項錯誤。

第3題:事實細節題。題干：那個公司是現在美國第二大的公司。根據題干定位到第一段最后一句話IthasbeenovertakenbyGeneralElectric,nowworth$506billion,Intel,worth$441billionandCiscoSystems,$436billion.（它已經被價值5060億美元的通用電氣、價值4410億美元的英特爾和價值4360億美元的思科系統所超越。）微軟原本是第一，后來被這三家公司超過，排在第二的是因特爾公司，所以答案選B。

第4題:事實細節題。題干：下列哪一家公司是通用電氣和微軟共同擁有的？根據題干定位到第三段最后一句…anditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,CNBC,andironically,ajointventurewithMicrosofttoprovidenewsontheInternet.（以及它的金融新聞子公司CNBC，諷刺的是，這是它與微軟成立的一家提供互聯網新聞的合資公司。），因此答案選C。

第5題:判斷推理題。題干：為什么微軟很難留住員工？A選項“因為他們面臨一個不確定的未來”B選項“因為他們很難做到創新”；C選項“因為它將發不出工資”；D選項“因為總有一天它會被對手買下”根據題干定位到最后一段第二句話Itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.（該公司還可能在招聘和留住員工方面面臨困難，這些員工的工資由他們的股票期權推動）和第四句話Itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.（如果競爭對手提起訴訟，它可能會遭受更大的損失，而競爭對手則可以就其遭受的任何損失要求三倍的賠償）。從這兩句可以看出員工工資隨著股票的漲動而動，但是微軟可能還會遭受另一些訴訟，所以答案選A，C選項文章沒有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句話Andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.（由于公司的能源和資源都被官司纏身，該公司可能會發現在未來很難繼續創新，或采取激進的行動收購競爭對手。）由此可知文章指的是微軟現在已經不能把對手買下了，不是被對手買下，所以錯誤；而不能創新不是不能留住員工的原因，所以C不能選。

3.單選題

Darwinstatedthatthemoresurvivalcharacteristicsacreaturehas（

）thechancethatnewspecieswilladoptthesecharacteristics.

問題1選項

A.thebest

B.thebetter

C.betterthan

D.asgoodas

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。“The+比較級，the+比較級”，表示“越……就越……”，B選項正確。句意是‘達爾文指出，一個生物擁有的生存特征越多，該物種拙有這些特征的機會越大。’

4.單選題

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

問題1選項

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。perforate表示“穿過，穿孔”。A項facetoward“正對著”，B項follow“跟隨”，C項pierce“刺穿，穿破”，D項flytoward“飛向”；句意：箭頭前端很尖銳，可以用它來刺穿目標物。根據句意該題選C。

5.單選題

AlfredNobel,thefamousSwedishchemistwhofoundedtheNobelPrize,wasbornintoafamilywhereresearchandexperimentationwerealmostsecondnature.HisfatherImmanuel,outofworkandpenniless,testedhistheoriesofexplosivesinalaboratorysetupintheirhouse.Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor.

AlfredNobelworkedalongsidehisfather,andby1850whenhewas17,Alfredhadacquiredmostofhisfather’sknowledgeofandenthusiasmforchemistry.Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine,Alfredwastheonewhofinallymanagedtoturnthisdangeroussubstanceintoasafeandusefulexplosive.Hesucceededindevelopingdynamitecommercially,whichlaidthefoundationformanyoftheworld’sleadingchemicalenterprises.AsidefromintroducingtheinnovativeNobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell.

AlfredNobelwasadedicatedscientistwhobecameveryrichapplyinghisknowledgeofchemistry.Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterialledhimtoleavesomeofhismillionstorewardindividualswhomadesubstantialcontributionstocertainareasofscience.Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueaboutAlfredNobel’sfatherImmanuel?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepowerofnitroglycerine（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutAlfredNobelcanbedrawnfromthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,AlfredNobelmadeimportantprogressindevelopingallofthefollowingitemsEXCEPT

（

）.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatAlfredNobellaterviewedhisinventionofdynamite（

）.

問題1選項

A.Hewasneverabletocapitalizeonhisworkinchemistry.

B.Hewasnotinstrumentalindevelopinghisson’senthusiasmforchemistry.

C.Heturnedhisknowledgeofchemistryintoaprofitablebusiness.

D.HesharedintheworkofhissonAlfred.

問題2選項

A.wasfirstrecognizedbyImmanuelNobel

B.wasneverutilizedwellbychemicalenterprises

C.wasmostfullydevelopedbyAlfredNobel

D.layinitsintrigueformanyscientists

問題3選項

A.Histalentslayalmostexclusivelyintheareaofexplosives.

B.Hewasreluctanttobequeathalargepartofhiswealthtowardspromotingscientificresearch.

C.Hechosetoworkindependentlyofotherscientists.

D.Hewasamajorcontributortotherapidprogressinchemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury.

問題4選項

A.nitrocellulose

B.rubberandleather

C.syntheticsilk

D.safetyalarmdevices

問題5選項

A.withmuchconcernforitsnegativeeffectsonmankind

B.asaminorachievementinhislongcareer

C.withsatisfactionregardingitsimpactonchemicalenterprises

D.asanaturaloutgrowthofhisfather'straining

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知下列哪項關于諾貝爾父親的描述是正確的？”文章第一段最后一句提到“不幸的是，老諾貝爾并未能用自己天生的發明精神來完成這項偉大的事業”（Unfortunately,theelderNobelremainedfrustratedinhiseffortstoapplyhisnaturalinventivespirittoestablishingaprosperousendeavor），因此選項A符合題意。

第2題:細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知硝化甘油是什么？”文章第二段提到“盡管硝化甘油一直吸引了很多其他科學家的目光”（Althoughnumerousotherscientistshadbeenintriguedbynitroglycerine），因此選項D符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“下列哪項關于諾貝爾的總結可以從文章中得出？”文章最后一段最后一句提到“他將化學包括在那些尤其是從19世紀末以來為這個領域帶來了進步的分支中”（Itwasnaturalthathewouldincludechemistryasoneofthosebranches,especiallysincetheendofthenineteenthcenturybroughtrapidadvancementsinthefield），因此選項D符合題意。

第4題:細節事實題。題目問的是“根據文章可知，諾貝爾在很多領域起了很大作用，除了下列哪項？”文章倒數第二段提到“諾貝爾申請了355項專利，包括硝化纖維、皮革和橡膠的替代品，他研究出一種生產合成絲的好方法，還參與到電化學、通訊以及安全警報系統的研究中”（NobelIgniterin1864anddynamitein1866，Alfredclaimed355patentsincludingnitrocelluloseandsubstitutesforleatherandrubber.Hedevelopedclevermethodsfortheproductionofsyntheticsilkandwasinvolvedinelectrochemical,telecommunications,andsafetyalarmsystemsaswell），由此可知，選項D符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。題目問的是“從文章中可以知道諾貝爾后期對炸藥的看法是什么？”文章最后一段提到“他對創造一種有潛在致命危險的材料感到愧疚……”（Hissenseofguiltoverhavingcreatedapotentiallydeadlymaterial…），選項A“擔心它對人類有消極影響”符合題意。

6.單選題

By（

）computation,heestimatedthattherepairsonthehousewouldcosthimtwothousanddollars.

問題1選項

A.coarse

B.rude

C.crude

D.rough

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。coarse“粗糙的”；rude“粗魯的，無禮的”；crude“粗糙的，天然的”；rough“粗略的，艱苦的”。句意：通過粗略估算，他估計房子的整修將花費兩千美元。D項符合句意，答案D

7.單選題

（

）theprecisequalitiesoftheheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,basicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.

問題1選項

A.Whatever

B.Inspiteof

C.Eventhough

D.Regardless

【答案】C

【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。分析句子，可知逗號后面的為主句，逗號前面的從句主謂完整，缺少一個連接副詞連接句子，whatever在句中可作主語與賓語，從句中的謂語動詞mayvary后面不需要接賓語了，因此用Eventhough。inspiteof后面接的是名詞或者動名詞，不跟從句；regardless后面不接句子。

句意：盡管文學作品中主人公的精湛品質可能隨著時間的推移而變化，但英雄的基本模范作用似乎保持不變。

8.單選題

Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces（

）.

問題1選項

A.actedonthem

B.beingactedonit

C.actingonthem

D.havingactedonit

【答案】C

【解析】考查語法知識。句意：開普勒綜合了天文學和物理學，用宇宙中與地球相似的實質天體替換了虛構的運行規律，這些天體在天空中自由運動、旋轉，由作用在他們上面的力驅動運轉。本題考查的是分詞做后置定語的用法，force與them是主動關系，因此act用現在分詞形式。因此C選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Youmustreadbetweenthelinestogetthe（）meaning.

問題1選項

A.unanimous

B.underlying

C.ultimate

D.universal

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。unanimous意見相同的,

全體一致的；underlying潛在的；ultimate最終的,

根本的；universal普遍的,

通用的。句意：你必須從字里行間去領會其深層含義。選項B符合句意。

10.單選題

Getashirtonesizelargerthanyouusuallywear,becausethismaterial（

）whenyouwashit.

問題1選項

A.fades

B.decreases

C.retreats

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。fade意為“變暗，衰退，衰落”；decrease意為“減少，降低”；retreat意為“撤退，后退”；shrink意為“收縮，縮小”。

句意：穿一件比你平時穿的大一點的襯衫，因為這個材料洗過后會縮水。

11.翻譯題

當你站在一件藝術品面前時，技術便會幫你找到有關這一藝術品某一方面的更多信息。比如在鑒定藝術品的年代和出處方面，技術將具有極大價值。我們可以運用越來越客觀的標準來鑒定紙張、顏料、化學品等的年代，這樣將會有令人震驚的事情發生，例如突然發現一件偉大作品竟然是贗品。當然，藝術品市場自身將繼續隨著供求關系而浮動，但是在英國，我希望博物館和美術館有朝一日能得到政府政策上的幫助，政府放松納稅規定，更多地鼓勵私人收藏家把藏品捐獻給公共機構。

【答案】Whenyouareappreciatingaworkofart,technologywillprovideyouwithmoredetailedinformationaboutthiswork.Technologywillbeofgreatvalueinsomefieldssuchasdeterminingthedateandoriginoftheartwork.Inappraisingtheageofthepaper,pigmentandchemicaloftheartwork,moreandmoreobjectivestandardsareavailable.Inthisprocess,somesurprisingthingswilloccur.Forinstance,amasterpieceissuddenlyfoundtobeafake.Ofcourse,themarketofartworkwillchangewiththelawofsupplyanddemand.However,inBritain,Ihopethatmuseumsandgallerieswillonedaybehelpedbygovernmentpoliciesthatrelaxtaxrulesandencourageprivatecollectorstodonatemoretopublicinstitutions.

12.單選題

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlestthey（

）bythelocalbandits.

問題1選項

A.beattacked

B.mustbeattacked

C.wereattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。由“lest”引導的目的狀語從句，意思是“唯恐，以免”，與之有相同用法的還有“forfearthat/inorderthat/sothat”，謂語動詞一般用(should/could/might)+動詞原形。因此選項A符合題意。

13.單選題

Ithoughttheboatonlyheldsix.Howdidyou（

）sevenseats?

問題1選項

A.reserve

B.deserve

C.preserve

D.reverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。reserve意為“預定，預約，保留”；deserve意為“應得，應受”；preserve意為“保護，保存”；reverse意為“使反轉，顛覆”。

句意：我以為這船上只能載六個人。你怎么預定了七個位置呢？

14.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthattheywerecasuallyrelatedtobehavior;thatis,theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.Commonsense,too,suggestsarelationship.Isn’titlogicalthatpeoplewatchtelevisionprogramstheylike,orthatemployeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistasteful?

However,inthelate1960s,thisassumedeffectofattitudesonbehaviorwaschallengedbyareviewoftheresearch.Oneresearcher—LeonFestinger—arguedthatattitudesfollowbehavior.Didyouevernoticehowpeoplechangewhattheysay.soitdoesn’tcontradictwhattheydo?PerhapsafriendofyourshasconsistentlyarguedthatthequalityofUScarsisn’tuptothatofimportsandthathe’dneverownanythingbutaJapaneseorGermancar.Buthisdadgiveshimalate-modelFordMustang,andsuddenlyUScarsaren'tsobad.Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.Festingerarguedthatanyformofinconsistencyisuncomfortableandthatindividualswillattempttoreducethedissonanceand,hence,thediscomfort.Theywillseekastablestate,inwhichthereisaminimumofdissonance.

Researchhasgenerallyconcludedthatpeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehavior.Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.Tobaccoexecutivesprovideanexample.Howyoumightwonderdothesepeoplecopewiththeongoingbarrageofdatalinkingcigarettesmokingandnegativehealthoutcomes?Theycandenythatanyclearcausationbetweensmokingandcancer,forinstance,hasbeenestablished.Theycanbrainwashthemselvesbycontinuallyarticulatingthebenefitsoftobacco.Theycanacknowledgethenegativeconsequencesofsmoking,butrationalizethatpeoplearegoingtosmokeandthattobaccocompaniesmerelypromotefreedomofchoice.Theycanaccepttheresearchevidenceandbeginactivelyworkingtomakelessdangerouscigarettesoratleastreducetheiravailabilitytomorevulnerablegroups,suchasteenagers.Ortheycanquittheirjobbecausethedissonanceistoogreat.

Noindividual,ofcourse,cancompletelyavoiddissonance.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong,butyou“fudge”thenumbersabiteveryyearandhopeyou’renotaudited.Oryoutellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.Sohowdopeoplecope?Festingerwouldproposethatthedesiretoreducedissonancedependsontheimportanceoftheelementscreatingitandthedegreeofinfluencetheindividualbelieveshehasovertheelements;individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.Athirdfactoristherewardsofdissonance;highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonancebecausetheyallowustoeasilyrationalizeit.

1.ThepurposeofmentioningtheTVprogramspeoplewatchinthefirstparagraphistoshow（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingcasescanillustrate“dissonance”？

3.PeopleseekconsistencyamongtheirattitudesandbetweentheirattitudesandtheirbehaviorbydoingmanythingsEXCEPTby（）.

4.Theauthorwantstotellus（）bygivingtheexampleoftobaccoexecutives.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothelastparagraph?

問題1選項

A.thatpeopleholddifferentattitudestowarddifferentTVprograms

B.thatpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehaviors

C.thatpeople’sbehaviorsdeterminetheirattitudes

D.thatthereexistsareversiblerelationshipbetweenpeople’sattitudesandtheirbehaviors

問題2選項

A.Employeestrytoavoidassignmentstheyfinddistastefi.il.

B.AyoungmanlikeJapanesecars,buthisfatherbuyshimaUScar.

C.Youknowthatcheatingonyourincometaxiswrong.

D.Youtellyourchildrentoflosstheirteetheveryday,butyoudon’t.

問題3選項

A.alteringtheirattitudes

B.alteringtheirbehavior

C.developingtherationaldiscrepancy

D.rationalizingthediscrepancy

問題4選項

A.whysomanypeoplequittheirjobs

B.howpeoplereducethedissonance

C.howpeople’sattitudesdeterminetheirbehavior

D.whypeople’sattitudesareinconsistentwiththeirbehavior

問題5選項

A.Highrewardsdecreasepeople’sdesiretoreducethedissonance.

B.Highrewardspromptpeopletoreducethedissonance.

C.Ifpeoplebelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol,thedissonancecanbeavoided.

D.Peoplearelikelytogethigherrewards,iftheycanrationalizetheirbehavior

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.推斷題。根據文章第一段，“theattitudespeopleholddeterminewhattheydo.”，可知作者的提出的一個觀點是人們的態度決定了他們的行為。所以可推斷接下來的例子都是用來進一步證明這個觀點。選項B符合題意。

2.細節理解題。根據文章第二段，“Festingerarguedthatthesecasesofattitudefollowingbehaviorillustratetheeffectsofcognitivedissonance.Cognitivedissonancereferstoanyincompatibilityanindividualmightperceivebetweentwoormoreattitudesorbetweenbehaviorandattitudes.”，可知認知失調是指個體在兩種或兩種以上的態度之間或行為與態度之間所感知到的任何不一致。可推斷dissonance涉及到不一致的問題。所以告訴孩子用牙線但自己卻不用，就體現了這種認知的不一致。選項D符合題意。

3.細節理解題。根據文章第三段第二句，“Theydothisbyalteringeithertheattitudesorthebehaviororbydevelopingarationalizationforthediscrepancy.”，可知他們會通過改變態度，或者改變行為，或者為這種差異找合理的解釋來解決不一致的問題。所以C項“發展合理化的不一致”文章沒有提及。選項C符合題意。

4.推斷題。文章第三段首先提到了人們解決不一致性問題的方法，下文舉出了煙草公司高管的例子，可推斷作者用實例來進一步說明人們減少不一致性的具體方法。選項B符合題意。

5.細節理解題。根據文章最后一段，“highrewardsaccompanyinghighdissonancetendtoreducethetensioninherentinthedissonance”，可知高回報伴隨著高失調，減少不一致的內在張力。所以高回報是可以降低人們減少不一致的欲望。選項A符合題意。同時可排除B選項。根據文章最后一段，“individualswillbemoremotivatedtoreducedissonancewhentheattitudesorbehaviorareimportantorwhentheybelievethatthedissonanceisduetosomethingtheycancontrol.”，可知當態度或行為很重要，或者當他們認為這種不一致是由他們能夠控制的事情造成時，個人會更有動力去減少這種不協調。可排除C選項。D選項提到如果人們能使自己的行為合理化，他們就有可能獲得更高的回報，在文中并未提及。選項A符合題意。

15.單選題

ThelegendaryislandofAtlantiswas（）bytheseaanddisappearedwithoutatrace.

問題1選項

A.emerged

B.disclosed

C.engulfed

D.whelmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項emerge“顯現，浮現”；B選項disclose“公開，揭露”；C選項engulfed“吞沒，席卷，卷入”；D選項whelmed“淹沒，用……覆蓋”，句意：傳說中的亞特蘭蒂斯島被大海吞沒，消失得無影無蹤。由選項意思和句意可知，C選項符合句意。

16.單選題

Itishardformetosurviveinthepoliticalsnake（）.

問題1選項

A.hutch

B.hole

C.hive

D.pit

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定短語搭配。A選項hutch“籠；小屋；貯藏箱；礦車”；B選項hole“洞，孔；洞穴，穴；突破口”；C選項hive“蜂巢，蜂箱；蜂群；（喻）充滿繁忙人群的場所”；D選項pit“礦井；深坑；陷阱；凹陷；正廳后排；正廳后排的觀眾”。snakepit“蛇坑”，用來形容恐怖的地方，混亂的局面。句意：對我來說，在混亂的政治局面里求生存很艱難。因此D選項正確。

17.單選題

Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.

問題1選項

A.relevant

B.simultaneous

C.consistent

D.practical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項relevant表示“相關的；中肯的”，常與介詞to搭配，B選項simultaneous表示“同時的，同時發生的”，C選項consistent表示“一致的；連續的”，常與介詞with搭配，D選項practical表示“實際的；實踐的”。由題干信息可知，原文空缺處單詞需與with構成搭配，表示“與……一致”，因此，本題最佳選項為C選項。句意：你必須堅持要求學生的真實回答要與他們的現實世界一致。

18.單選題

Manypeoplewerehomelessinthe（）oftheearthquake.

問題1選項

A.aftermath

B.premonition

C.omen

D.presentiment

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項aftermath“后果；余波”；B選項premonition“預感”；C選項omen“預兆，征兆”；D選項presentiment“預感”。句意：地震的后果就是許多人無家可歸。因此A項符合題意。

19.單選題

Hisofficeiswithin（

）fromthepostoffice.

問題1選項

A.astone’sthrow

B.athrowofastone

C.stone’sthrow

D.thestone’sthrow

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他的辦公室與該郵局的距離在一步之遙內。

固定搭配。astone'sthrow—步之遙

20.單選題

Themeaningofthispoemisvery（）;Ireallydonotunderstandit.

問題1選項

A.imprecise

B.illegible

C.obscure

D.dull

【答案】C

【解析】imprecise不精確，不確切；illegible難以辨認的，字跡模糊的；obscure晦澀難懂的；dull乏味的。根據下句：我無法理解它，說明這首詩的意義是晦澀難懂的，所以選項C符合語境。試題答案

21.單選題

Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.Theinfluenceofthemotherontheoffspring,statistics,isrepresentedbycounting,measuring,describing,tabulating,ordering,andthetakingofcensus—allofwhichledtomoderndescriptivestatistics.Fromtheinfluenceofthefathercamemoderninferentialstatistics,whichisbasedsquarelyontheoriesofprobability.

Descriptivestatisticsinvolvestabulating,depicting,anddescribingcollectionsofdatA.Thesedatamaybequantitative,suchasmeasuresofheight,intelligence,orgradelevel—variablesthatarecharacterizedbyanunderlyingcontinuum—orthedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.Largemassofdatamustgenerallyundergoaprocessofsummarizationorreductionbeforetheyarecomprehensible.Descriptivestatisticsisatoolfordescribingorsummarizingorreducingtocomprehensibleformthepropertiesofotherwiseunwieldymassordata.

InferentialstatisticsisaformalizedbodyofmethodsforsolvinganotherclassofproblemsthatpresentgreatdifficultiesfortheunaidedhumanminD.Thisgeneralclassofproblemscharacteristicallyinvolvesattemptstomakepredictionsusingasampleofobservations.Forexample,aschoolsuperintendentwishestodeterminetheproportionofchildreninalargeschoolsystemwhocometoschoolwithoutbreakfast,havebeenvaccinatedforflu,orwhatever.Havingalittleknowledgeofstatistics,thesuperintendentwouldknowthatitisunnecessaryandinefficienttoquestioneachchild;theproportionfortheentiredistrictcouldbeestimatedfairlyaccuratelyfromasampleofasfewas100children.Thus,thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.

1.Withwhatisthepassagemainlyconcerned?

2.Theword“divergent“inline1inParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“mother”and“father”inthefirstparagraph?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTgivenanexampleofqualitativevariable?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofexaminingasampleofapopulation?

問題1選項

A.Thedrawbacksofdescriptiveandinferentialstatistics

B.Applicationofinferentialstatistics

C.Thedevelopmentanduseofstatistics

D.Howtousethedescriptivestatistics

問題2選項

A.different

B.distributed

C.recorded

D.prominent

問題3選項

A.Topointoutthatparentscanteachtheirchildrenstatistics

B.Tointroduceinferentialstatistics

C.Toexplainthattherearedifferentkindsofvariables

D.Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway

問題4選項

A.Gender

B.Height

C.Collegemajor

D.Typeofpersonalities

問題5選項

A.Tocomparedifferentgroups

B.Topredictcharacteristicsoftheentirepopulation

C.Todetectdifferencesnotobservableinthewholepopulation

D.Tocompilemoreaccuratedata

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由題干可以定位到原文第一段第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統計方法的早期發展受到兩種截然不同的影響。A選項“描述統計和推理統計的缺點”不符合題意。B選項“推理統計學的應用”，推理統計學只是統計學的一類，不符合題意。選項D“使用描述性統計學”跟選項B類似，描述性統計學也只是統計學的一類。因此C選項“統計學的發展和使用”正確。

2.形容詞詞義辨析題。由題干關鍵字“divergent”可以定位到原文第一段，第一句“Thereweretwowidelydivergentinfluencesontheearlydevelopmentofstatisticalmethods.”中文翻譯為：統計方法的早期發展受到兩種截然不同的影響。可知A選項“different”（不同的）正確。B選項“distributed”（分布式的）排除。C選項“recorded”（記錄的）排除。D選項“prominent”（著名的）排除。

3.作者意圖題。由題干關鍵字“mother，father”可以定位到原文第一段“Statisticshadamotherwhowasdedicatedtokeepingorderlyrecordsofgovernmentalunits(stateandstatisticscomefromthesameLatinroot,status)andagentlemanlygamblingfatherwhoreliedonmathematicstoincreasehisskillatplayingtheoddsingamesofchance.”，中文翻譯為：統計學有一個“母親”，她致力于井井有條地記錄政府機構的文件（國家和統計學這兩個詞源于同一個拉丁語詞根，status），還有一個有紳士般的賭博“父親”，他依靠數學來提高技巧，以便在幾率的游戲中獲勝。由中文大意得知，選項D“Topresentthebackgroundofstatisticsinahumorousandunderstandableway.”以幽默易懂的方式介紹統計學的背景符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由題干關鍵字“qualitativevariables”可以定位到原文第二段中“thedatamayrepresentqualitativevariables,suchassex,collegemajor,orpersonalitytype.”中文翻譯為：數據可能代表定性變量，如性別、大學專業或性格類型。可以得知B選項“height”沒有提及，所以B選項正確。選項A“Gender”（性別），選項C“Collegemajor”（大學專業），選項D“Typeofpersonalities”（性格類型）。

5.細節事實題。由題干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句“thepurposeofinferentialstatisticsistopredictorestimatecharacteristicsofapopulationfromaknowledgeofthecharacteristicsofonlyasampleofthepopulation.”，中文翻譯為：推理統計學的目的就是通過了解一個群體中一部分樣本的特征來預測或估計該群體的特征。則B選項“預測整個人口的特征”正確。

22.單選題

ItissomildandmoistasIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHillthatIremember,oranticipate,oneofthosewarm（1）inthespring,whentheearthisjustlaidbare,thewindissouth,andthecladonialichensare

（2）

andlustywithmoisture,yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge,andthe

（3）

placesalsoaredrinkingitin.Y