一.簡介虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。二.應用條件虛擬語氣常在表示條件和結果的狀語從句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時動詞有三種時態：現在時，過去時，將來時，過去完成時，現在完成時。在條件句中的應用：條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在什么情況下用虛擬語氣?在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現的情況時用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或表示某種強烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣。即當一個人說話時欲強調其所說的話是基于自己的主觀想法，而不是根據客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣。三.虛擬語氣在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法1、真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句真eg.Ifhedoesn'thurryup,hewillmissthebus.如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。（真實條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣）Ifheisfree,hewillaskmetotellstories.如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實條件狀語）（不是虛擬語氣）非真eg.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。（非真實條件狀語從句）Iftherewerenoair,peoplewoulddie.如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（非真實條件狀語從句）2、用法及動詞形式1、表示與現在事實相反的情況：if+主語+過去時+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：1?IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你）2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道）3.Iftherewerenoairorwater,therewouldbenolivingthingsontheearth.如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。（事實：地球上既有空氣也有水）4.IfIhadanymoneywithme,Icouldlendyousome.如果我帶錢了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢）5.Ifhestudiedharder,hemightpasstheexam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：沒有努力2、表示與過去事實相反的情況if+主語+haddone+其他+主語+should/would/could/might+havedone+其他例：1.IfIhadgotthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了）2.Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldnothavemadesuchamistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話）3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測①if+主語+weretodo+sth?+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他②if+主語+did/be（were）+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主語+should+do+sth.+主語+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：1.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Ishould/wouldtalktohim.如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。（事實：來的可能性很小）2.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪）3.IfsheweretobetherenextMonday,Iwouldtellheraboutthematter.如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。在表示建議、命令、要求等含義的賓語從句，謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣，"should+動詞原形"構成，should可省略。4、有時，虛擬條件句中，結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。①從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發生的事實不符。如：IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.如果我在學校學習刻苦的話，我現在也會成為一個工程師了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現在就不會來這里了。②從句的動作與現在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。③從句的動作與過去發生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現在正在發生的情況相反。如：Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊稼會長得更好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他一直努力工作的話，他現在已進了辦公室了。5、當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。如：Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答應去的話，我們就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。6、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without…?,butfor…?等Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction,Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress.要是沒有你的指導，我不會取得如此大的進步。Wedidn'tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。7、有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。①省略從句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本該完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你應該能通過這次考試了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我現在在家里該多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了該多好啊。、虛擬語氣（SubjunctiveMood）的其他用法1、虛擬語氣用在wish后的賓語從句a、表示與現在事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式eg.IwishIhadyourbrains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。（事實：我根本比不上你）b、表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞：had+done（動詞過去分詞）eg:.IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實：原來不知道）c、表示將來難以實現的愿望謂語動詞：should/would+動詞原形eg.IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。（事實：很難再有這樣的機會了）（注：ifonly和asif/asthough也有相同用法）2、虛擬語氣用在目的狀語從句中1?在forfearthat,incase,lest引導的，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：should+動詞原形。并且should不能省略Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathiefshouldcomein.她又把門檢査了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。Hestartedoutearlierlestheshouldbelate.他很早就出發了以防遲到。2、在sothat,inorderthat所引導的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can/may/could/might/will/would/should+動詞原形。Hegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword.他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。3、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、一想要(desire)二寧愿(prefer)三命令(mand)四建議(pose)五要求(demand,require.request.desire.insist)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態，從句的謂語動詞都用："should+動詞原形”或只用"動詞原形”。如Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadviceHeinsistedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadviceHedemandthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadviceHeorderedthatwe(should)taketheteacher'sadvice注：insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。如：Heinsistheisastudent.他堅持說他是個學生。這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。suggest意為"建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語氣。如：Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含著他很擔心。這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。③表情緒?觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣?如:necessary.important.impossible.natural.strange.surprising.funny.right.wrong.better.apity等。句型：Itisthat結構后的主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型或只用動詞原型。④虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句的應用。詳百度百科之方式狀語從句詞條。2、在evenif,eventhough所引導的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如：Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.即使華佗在世也救不了他。3、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever,wherever，however,nomatterwh-word等引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結構為：①may+動詞原形(指現在或將來)。如：Wewillfinishitontimenomatterwhat/whatevermayhappen.不管發生什么事，我們都要按時完成。Wewillfindhimwherever/nomatterwherehemaybe.無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。Iwillwaitforhimnomatterhowlatehemaycome.不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。②may+完成式(指過去)，主句結構不限。如：Youmustn'tbeproudwhatever/nomatterwhatgreatprogressyoumayhavemade.不管你取得了多么大的進步，你也不能驕傲Wemustrespecthimnomatterwhat/whatevermistakeshemayhavemade.不管他犯過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。4、一般wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：表示所發生的時間虛擬語氣結構過去had+過去分詞；現在過去時(be用were)將來過去時(be用were)如：I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。I'dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你現在在這兒。We'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我們倒想你明天去那兒5、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示："早該做某事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結構為：Itis(high/about)timethat+主語+動詞的過去式/should+動詞原形，即從句用虛擬過去式。如ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我該去學校接我的女兒了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早該上班了。

6、簡單句中的虛擬語氣(1)說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為：would/could/might/should+原形動詞。如：Wouldyoumindmyshuttingthedoor?我把門關起來你介意嗎？Youshouldalwayslearnthislessonbyheart.你要把這個教訓牢記于心。Ishouldagreewithyou.我應該同意你的觀點。(2)表示"祝愿”時，常用“may+主語+動詞原形+其他”。如：Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你一路順風。Mayyouryouthlastforever!祝你青春永駐。(3)表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。如：LonglivetheCommunistPartyofChina.中國共產黨萬歲。Godblessus.上帝保佑。(4)習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。(1)提出請求或邀請。如：Wouldyouliketohaveatalkwithusthisevening?今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？CouldIuseyourbikenow?我可以用一下你的單車嗎？(2)陳述自己的觀點或看法。如：Ishouldgladtomeetyou.見到你我會很高興。Iwouldtrymybesttohelpyou.我會盡力幫助你。(3)提出勸告或建議。如：You'dbetteraskyourfatherfirst.你最好先問一問你的父親。Youshouldmakeafullinvestigationofitfirst.你應該先全面調查一番。(4)提出問題。如：Doyouthinkhecouldgethereontime?你認為他能按時來嗎？Doyouexpecthewouldtellusthetruth?你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎？(5)表示對過去情況的責備時，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：“情態動詞+have+過去分詞”。如：Youshouldhavegothereearlier.你應該早就到這里了。Youshouldhavereturnedittohim.你應該把它還給他了。練習以及解析enjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishIthebookfromwhichitwasmade.A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.arereadingYouarelate.Ifyouafewminutesearlier,youhim.A.come;wouldmeetB.hadcome;wouldhavemetC.come;willmeetD.hadcome;wouldmeetThetwostudentstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen4.ItisimportantthatIwithMr.Williamsimmediately.A.speakB.spokeC.willspeakD.tospeak5.Helookedasifheillforalongtime.A.wasB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.Ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier,thepoorchildwouldnot.A.havelaidtherefortwohoursB.havebeenliedtherefortwohoursC.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohoursC.haveliedtherefortwohoursD.havelaintherefortwohourswishthatIwithyoulastnight.A.wentB.couldgoC.havegoneD.couldhavegoneLet'ssayyoucouldgothereagain,howfeel?A.willyouB.shouldyouC.wouldyouD.doyoucan'tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughheeverything.A.knewB.knowsC.hasknownD.hadknown10.thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschool.A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor11.Ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance,Ihimattheairport.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhadmetC.wouldhavemetD.wouldhavemeet12.Mikecantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhemehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachwouldhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible,butIsobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbeHe'sworkinghardforfearthathe.A.shouldfallbehindB.fellbehindC.mayfallbehindD.wouldfallenbehind15.Ifitanothertenminutes,thegamewouldhavebeencalledoff.A.hadrainedB.wouldhaverainedC.haveseenD.rained16.Hesuggestedthattheyuseatrickinsteadoffighting.A.shouldB.wouldC.doD.had17.MyfatherdidnotgotoNewYork;thedoctorsuggestedthathethere.A.notwentB.won'tgoC.notgoD.nottogowouldhavegonetothemeetingifItime.A.hadhadB.havehadC.hadD.wouldhavehadWouldyouratherIbuyinganewbike?A.decidedagainstB.willdecideagainstC.havedecidedD.shalldecideagainstYoulooksotiredtonight.Itistimeyou.A.gotosleepB.wenttosleepC.gotobedD.wenttobed—Whydidn'tyoubuyanewcar?—IwouldhaveboughtoneifIenoughmoney.A.hadB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.hadhad22.Ifshecouldsew,.A.shemakeadressB.shewouldhavemadeashirtC.shewillmakeashirtD.shewouldhadmadeacoattoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

Hisdoctorsuggestedthatheashorttripabroad.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.tookTheBakersarrivedlastnight.Ifthey'donlyletusknowearlier,atthestation.A.we'dmeetthemB.we'llmeetthemC.we'dhavemetthemC.we'dhavemetthemD.we'vemetthem26.IfIyou,ImoreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay27.Wemighthavefailedifyouusahelpinghand.A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive28.Thelawrequiresthateveryonehiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.A.hasB.hadC.haveD.willhave29.Itisstrangethatheso.A.wouldsayB.wouldspeakC.shouldsayD.willspeak30.HadIknownhername,A.ordoessheknowmine?B.andwheredoesshelive?C.shewouldbebeautiful.D.Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch.C.shewouldbebeautiful.31.Hehasjustarrived,buthetalksasifheallaboutthat.A.knowB.knowsC.knownD.knew32.IfIthemoney,Iwouldhaveboughtamuchbiggercar.A.possessedB.ownedC.hadD.hadhad33.Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwise,hetothemeeting.A.wouldcomeC.wouldhavecomeB.cameD.willcome34.ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohnnomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehasborrowed.A.willtakeC.takeB.tookD.takes35.Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishIsoearly.A.didn'tleaveB.hadn'tleftC.haven'tleftD.couldn'tleavedonothaveajob.IwouldfindonebutInotime.A.hadB.didn'thaveC.hadhadD.havewishthatyousuchabadheadachebecauseI'msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.hadn'tB.didn'thavehadC.hadn'thadD.hadn'thave

Heinsistedthatweallinhisofficeatoneo'clock.A.beB.tobeC.wouldbeD.shallbeHelencouldn'tgotoFranceafterall.That'stoobad.I'msureshewouldhaveenjoyeditifB.she'llgoD.she'dgoB.she'llgoD.she'dgoC.she'dgonemustgothereearlier.JohnhassuggestedthatIanhourbeforethediscussionbegins.A.goC.willgoA.goC.willgoB.shallgoD.wouldgo1—1—5BBDAD6—10DDCAD11—11—15CDCAA21—