書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-常州信息職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Incitieswithrentcontrol,thecitygovernmentsetsthemaximumrentthatalandlordcanchargeforanapartment.Supportersofrentcontrolarguethatitprotectspeoplewhoarelivinginapartments.Theirrentcannotincrease;therefore,theyarenotindangeroflosingtheirhomes.However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.

Sometheoristsarguethattheminimumwagelawcancauseproblemsinthesameway.Thefederalgovernmentsetstheminimumthatanemployermustpayworkers.Theminimumhelpspeoplewhogenerallylookforunskilled,low-payingjobs.However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.Somepoorpeoplemayfindthemselveswithoutjobsinsteadofwithjobsattheminimumwage.

Supportersoftheminimumwagesaythatithelpspeoplekeeptheirdignity.Becauseofthelaw,workerscannotselltheirservicesforlessthantheminimum.Furthermore,employerscannotforceworkerstoacceptjobsatunfairwages.

Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif“otherthingsareequal”.

Economistsdonotagreeonsomeofthepredictions.Theyalsodonotagreeonthevalueofdifferentdecisions.Someeconomistssupportaparticulardecisionwhileotherscriticizeit.Economistsdoagree,however,thattherearenosimpleanswerstoeconomicquestions.

1.Thereisthepossibilitythatsettingmaximumrentmay______.

2.Accordingtothecritics,rentcontrol______.

3.Theproblemofunemploymentwillarise,______.

4.Thepassagetellsus______.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.causeashortageofapartments

B.worrythosewhorentapartmentsashomes

C.increasetheprofitsoflandlords

D.encouragelandlordstoinvestinbuildingapartment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.willalwaysbenefitthosewhorentapartments

B.isunnecessary

C.willbringnegativeeffectsinthelongrun

D.isnecessaryunderallcircumstances

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.iftheminimumwageissettoohigh

B.iftheminimumwageissettoolow

C.iftheworkersareunskilled

D.ifthemaximumwageisset

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.therelationshipbetweensupplyanddemand

B.thepossibleresultsofgovernmentcontrols

C.thenecessityofgovernmentcontrol

D.theurgencyofgettingridofgovernmentcontrols

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theresultsofeconomicdecisionscannotalwaysbepredicted.

B.Minimumwagecannotalwaysprotectemployees.

C.Economictheorycanpredicttheresultsofeconomicdecisionsifotherfactorsarenotchanging.

D.Economicdecisionsshouldnotbebasedoneconomictheory.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“Landlordsknowthattheycannotincreasetheirprofits.Therefore,theyinvestinotherbusinesseswheretheycanincreasetheirprofits.Theydonotinvestinnewbuildingswhichwouldalsoberent-controlled.Asaresult,newapartmentsarenotbuilt.Manypeoplewhoneedapartmentscannotfindany.Accordingtothecritics,theendresultofrentcontrolisashortageofapartmentsinthecity.（房東們知道他們不能通過出租公寓來增加自己的利潤，因此他們會(huì)投資其他可以增加利潤的業(yè)務(wù)。他們不會(huì)投資新建筑，因?yàn)樾陆ㄖ矔?huì)受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓減少，許多需要公寓的人找不到公寓來租。根據(jù)評(píng)論家的說法，租金管制的最終結(jié)果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的結(jié)果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A選項(xiàng)“造成公寓短缺”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“使那些租公寓當(dāng)房子的人發(fā)愁”文章雖然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最終結(jié)果，故不選；C選項(xiàng)“增加房東的利潤”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章提到租金管制會(huì)減少房東的利潤；D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)房東投資新公寓建造”說法錯(cuò)誤，文中說到房東們并不會(huì)投資公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利潤的業(yè)務(wù)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“However,thecriticssaythatafteralongtime,rentcontrolmayhavenegativeeffects.（然而，批評(píng)者說，長期以來，租金控制可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。）”由此可知C選項(xiàng)“從長遠(yuǎn)來看會(huì)帶來負(fù)面影響”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“將永遠(yuǎn)有利于那些租房的人”；B選項(xiàng)“是不必要的”；D選項(xiàng)“在任何情況下都是必要的”都不符合文章事實(shí)，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers...Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.（然而，如果最低工資設(shè)置得很高，雇主可能會(huì)雇傭更少的工人……因此，批評(píng)人士聲稱，提高最低工資可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。）”由此可知。如果最低工資設(shè)定得太高會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)問題的出現(xiàn)，所以A選項(xiàng)“如果最低工資設(shè)定得太高”說法正確。B選項(xiàng)“如果最低工資設(shè)定得太低”；C選項(xiàng)“如果工人不熟練”；D選項(xiàng)“如果設(shè)定了最高工資”都不符合文章事實(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。文章第一段說到政府設(shè)置房東可以收取的公寓最高租金，即租金管制可能會(huì)造成城市公寓短缺；第二段說到政府設(shè)置最低工資可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)問題。文章倒數(shù)第二段也說到“Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif‘otherthingsareequal’.”（經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測(cè)了經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果，如關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的決定、租金控制和最低工資。只有在“其他事情是平等的”時(shí)，預(yù)測(cè)才是正確的）。由此可知文章主要是利用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測(cè)了政府控制的可能結(jié)果，所以B選項(xiàng)“政府管制的可能結(jié)果”說法正確。A選項(xiàng)“供求關(guān)系”文章沒有提到；C選項(xiàng)“政府管控的必要性”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章中提到的政府管控的結(jié)果都是負(fù)面的，從而不能說明政府管控的必要性；D選項(xiàng)“擺脫政府管控的緊迫性”說法錯(cuò)誤，文章最后一段說到經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們對(duì)評(píng)論家們的預(yù)測(cè)意見不一，且認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)問題沒有簡單的答案，所以由此可知文章并沒有建議擺脫政府的管制。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisionssuchasdecisionsaboutfarmproduction,rentcontrol,andtheminimumwage.Thepredictionsmaybecorrectonlyif‘otherthingsareequal’.”（經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測(cè)了經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果，如關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的決定、租金控制和最低工資。只有在“其他事情是平等的”時(shí)，預(yù)測(cè)才是正確的）。可知A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果并不總是可以預(yù)測(cè)的”和C選項(xiàng)“如果其他因素不變，經(jīng)濟(jì)理論可以預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果”說法正確；根據(jù)文章第二段“However,iftheminimumishigh,employersmayhirefewerworkers.Theywillreplaceworkerswithmachinery.Theprice,whichisthewagethatemployersmustpay,increases.Therefore,otherthingsbeingequal,thenumberofworkersthatemployerswantdecreases.Thus,criticsclaim,anincreaseintheminimumwagemaycauseunemployment.（然而，如果最低工資是高的，雇主可能會(huì)雇傭更少的工人。他們將用機(jī)器代替工人。價(jià)格，也就是雇主必須支付的工資，上漲了。因此，在其他條件相同的情況下，雇主需要的工人數(shù)量會(huì)減少。因此，評(píng)論家聲稱，提高最低工資可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。）”可知B選項(xiàng)“最低工資政策不能總是保護(hù)員工”說法正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的開頭“Economictheorypredictstheresultsofeconomicdecisions（經(jīng)濟(jì)理論預(yù)測(cè)了經(jīng)濟(jì)決策的結(jié)果）”可知經(jīng)濟(jì)決策應(yīng)該以經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為基礎(chǔ)，因此D選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)決策不應(yīng)以經(jīng)濟(jì)理論為基礎(chǔ)”說法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.翻譯題

首先，額外的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)孩子的身體發(fā)育是不利的。教育專家指出，孩子在枯燥的教室里待了一整天之后，參加一些體育活動(dòng)，而不是額外的學(xué)習(xí)，是非常重要的。孩子們正處于身體快速發(fā)育時(shí)期，缺乏體育鍛煉可能會(huì)對(duì)他們的生活造成嚴(yán)重的影響。第二，從心理上講，大部分孩子似乎對(duì)額外學(xué)習(xí)沒有什么好感。當(dāng)別的孩子玩耍的時(shí)候，很難想象一個(gè)學(xué)生能把精力集中在課本上。而且，由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們沒有多少時(shí)間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流,很難培養(yǎng)他們的交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻，甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。通過以上討論我們可以得出結(jié)論：盡管額外的學(xué)習(xí)的確有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它的缺點(diǎn)不可忽視，遠(yuǎn)大于它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，放學(xué)后強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是不明智的。任何家長都應(yīng)非常重視孩子在學(xué)習(xí)和玩耍這兩方面的平衡，正如那句老話：只學(xué)習(xí)，不玩耍，聰明的孩子會(huì)變傻。

【答案】First,additionallearningisdetrimentaltochildren’sphysicaldevelopment.Educationalexpertspointoutthattakingsomesportactivitiesinsteadofextrastudyisveryimportantforchildrenafterspendingthewholedayinaboringclassroom.Childrenareundergoingrapidphysicaldevelopmentandlackingphysicalexercisemightseverelyaffecttheirfuturelife.Second,psychologicallyspeaking,themajorityofchildrendonotseemtolikeextrastudy.Whenotherchildrenareplaying,itishardtoimagineastudentcanbeabsorbedinhistextbook.Furthermore,childrendonothavemuchtimetoplayandcommunicatewiththeirpeersbecauseoftheextralearning.Itisthereforedifficulttodeveloptheirinterpersonalabilities.Theymaybecomewithdrawn,andevensuffercertainmentalillness.Therefore,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaydrawtheconclusionthat,althoughextrastudyindeedhasmanyobviousadvantages,itsdisadvantagesshouldn’tbeignoredandfarout-weighitsadvantages.Itisthereforeabsurdtoforcechildrentotakeextrastudyafterschool.Anyparentsshouldmakesuretheirchildrenkeepabalancebetweenplayandstudy,astheoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

3.單選題

Theradioprogramwaspresented（）ajointventurewhichwasregisteredseveralmonthsago.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.bycourtesyof

B.onaccountof

C.byvirtueof

D.intermsof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組。A:bycourtesyof“蒙……的好意；蒙……提供”；B:onaccountof“由于；基于”；C:byvirtueof“憑借……的力量”；D:intermsof“根據(jù)；用……的話；就……而言”。句意：承蒙數(shù)月前注冊(cè)的合資企業(yè)惠允，電臺(tái)節(jié)目播出了。根據(jù)語境和句意可知A為正確答案。

4.單選題

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthier,havebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupations.Personalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobs.Evenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butintheexecutivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.

Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.

Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractivewomanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractivemanmoremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thus,anattractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculinepositionappearstolackthe“masculine”qualitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics.“Whentheonlyclueishowheorshelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,”saysAnneBowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsofattractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125undergraduatestudentstoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmenandoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentsweretoldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvoteforthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeatedunattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmostattractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

1.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”.

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness______.

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness______.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften______.

5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomen

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.demandequalrightsforwomen

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theword“l(fā)iability”(Line5,Para.1)mostprobablymeans“______”.

1.單詞“l(fā)iability”（第1段第5行)最有可能是“______”的意思。

A.misfortuneA.不幸

B.instabilityB.不穩(wěn)定

C.disadvantageC.缺點(diǎn)

D.burdenD.負(fù)擔(dān)

【考查點(diǎn)】詞匯推斷題

【解題思路】第一步：句中前后信息銜接，第一段“文章開頭講了許多漂亮在工作，生活中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但最后發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折：Butintheexecutive（主管的）circle,beautycanbecomealiability．“在管理圈內(nèi)，漂亮有可能變?yōu)椴焕保懊娴膬?nèi)容是說美能夠帶來的好處，比如讓咨詢師給出更好的建議，讓法官輕判，后面單詞與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折，所以可以排除A、B選項(xiàng)。第二步，上下文語義銜接，下文第三段中有提到“他們的成功不是歸功于能力，而是運(yùn)氣等因素（nottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.）”，就是因?yàn)槊利愃詫?dǎo)致人們帶有色眼鏡看自己，這使自己無形之中形成了缺點(diǎn)，所以答案選C選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“不幸”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“不穩(wěn)定”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“負(fù)擔(dān)”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness______.2.在傳統(tǒng)的女性工作中，吸引力______。

A.reinforcesthefemininequalitiesrequiredA.鞏固了帶有女性特征的品質(zhì)

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapableB.讓女人看起來更誠實(shí)、更有能力

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomenC.對(duì)婦女至關(guān)重要

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquicklyD.常使婦女迅速成功

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到文章第六段第二句：“有魅力的女性在傳統(tǒng)的屬于女性的工作中具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，但是一個(gè)漂亮的女人在傳統(tǒng)的男性工作中似乎缺乏所需的‘男性’素質(zhì)”；第二步，綜合理解，這里可知D選項(xiàng)“常使婦女迅速成功”正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“鞏固了帶有女性特征的品質(zhì)”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“讓女人看起來更誠實(shí)、更有能力”，定位到第五段第一句“讓女人看起來更誠實(shí)、更有能力”，所有不漂亮的女性高管都被認(rèn)為比漂亮的女性高管更正直，更有能力，所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)婦女至關(guān)重要”，文章沒有提及吸引力對(duì)女性很重要，反而暗含著漂亮對(duì)女性是個(gè)阻礙，C選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Bowman’sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,attractiveness______.

3.鮑曼的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，當(dāng)涉及到政治時(shí)，吸引力______。

A.turnsouttobeanobstacletomenA.對(duì)男人來說是阻礙

B.affectsmenandwomenalikeB.對(duì)男人和女人都有同樣的影響

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomenC.對(duì)男人和女人的影響一樣小

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomenD.對(duì)女性來說，更多的是一個(gè)障礙而不是一個(gè)好處

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】第一步，尋找精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到最后一段第一句“結(jié)果顯示，有魅力的男性完全擊敗（utterlydefeated）了沒有魅力的男性，但被評(píng)為最有魅力的女性得到的選票總是最少的（thefewestvotes）”，第二步，綜合理解，從這句可知魅力對(duì)男性有積極影響，對(duì)女性有消極影響，所以答案選D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)女性來說，更多的是一個(gè)障礙而不是一個(gè)好處”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)男人來說是阻礙”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)男人和女人都有同樣的影響”見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)男人和女人的影響一樣小”見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople’sviewsonbeautyareoften______.

4.從文章中可以推斷出，人們對(duì)美的看法通常是______。

A.practical

A.實(shí)用的

B.prejudicedB.偏見的

C.old-fashionedC.老套的

D.radicalD.激進(jìn)的

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

【解題思路】第一步，精準(zhǔn)定位，定位到第五段第二句話“然而，有趣的是，相比于漂亮的女人，長相平平的女人一夜之間獲得成功更多地歸功于人際關(guān)系，而不是能力”和第六段第一句“為什么人們認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力（notbeable）?”第二步，概括理解，從這句可知在大眾眼里漂亮的女人更可能是個(gè)花瓶，她們的成功是靠自己的外貌，但其實(shí)事實(shí)恰恰相反，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“實(shí)用的”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“老套的”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)“激進(jìn)的”，見正確選項(xiàng)解析，這里屬于反向干擾。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Theauthorwritesthispassageto______.

5.作者寫這篇文章是為了______。

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractiveA.討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractiveB.給有吸引力的求職者建議

C.demandequalrightsforwomenC.要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearanceD.強(qiáng)調(diào)外觀的重要性

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】梳理各段核心句

第一段：最后一句“但在行政圈子里，美貌可能成為一種負(fù)擔(dān)（liability）。”，這句是轉(zhuǎn)折句，引出下文；

第二、三、四段：只有一句話，都是講在行政圈里，魅力對(duì)男性的好處，對(duì)女性的壞處；

第五段：第一句“所有不漂亮的女性高管都被認(rèn)為比漂亮的女性高管更正直，更有能力。”，這段講有魅力的女性所受到的歧視；

第六段：第一句，“為什么人們認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力？”，這段解釋了為什么人們會(huì)認(rèn)為漂亮的女人沒有能力；

第七段：第一句，“即使在政治領(lǐng)域也是如此”，這段講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于男女性魅力的實(shí)驗(yàn)；

第八段：只有一句話，講述的是實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步印證了魅力對(duì)男性的好處，對(duì)女性的壞處。

綜上所述，作者寫文章的主要目的是A選項(xiàng)“討論有吸引力的負(fù)面因素”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“給有吸引力的求職者建議”，文章沒有給出建議，這里屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“要求婦女享有平等權(quán)利”，文章沒有提到平等，這里屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)外觀的重要性”，文章第一段有提到外觀的重要，但不是文章的重點(diǎn)，這里屬于以偏概全。

5.單選題

Whytheinductiveandmathematicalsciences,aftertheirfirstrapiddevelopmentattheculminationofGreekcivilization,advancedsoslowlyfortwothousandyears-andwhyinthefollowingtwohundredyearsaknowledgeofnaturalandmathematicalsciencehasaccumulated,whichsovastlyexceedsallthatwaspreviouslyknownthatthesesciencesmaybejustlyregardedastheproductsofourowntimesarequestionswhichhaveinterestedthemodernmphilosophernotlessthantheobjectswithwhichthesesciencesaremoreimmediatelyconversant.Wasittheemploymentofanewmethodofresearch,orintheexerciseofgreatervirtueintheuseoftheoldmethods,thatthissingularmodernmphenomenonhaditsorigin?Wasthelongperiodoneofarresteddevelopment,andisthemodernmeraoneofnormalgrowth?Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?

Theexplanationwhichhasbecomecommonplace,thattheancientsemployeddeductionchieflyintheirscientificinquiries,whilethemodernmsemployinduction,provestobetoonarrow,andfailsuponcloseexaminationtopointwithsufficientdistinctnessthecontrastthatisevidentbetweenancientandmodernmscientificdoctrinesandinquiries.Forallknowledgeisfoundedonobservation,andproceedsfromthisbyanalysis,bysynthesisandanalysis,byinductionanddeduction,andifpossiblebyverification,orbynewappealstoobservationundertheguidanceofdeduction-bystepswhichareindeedcorrelativepartsofonemethod;andtheancientsciencesaffordexamplesofeveryoneofthesemethods,orpartsofonemethod,whichhavebeengeneralizedfromtheexamplesofscience.

Afailuretoemployortoemployadequatelyanyoneofthesepartialmethods,animperfectionintheartsandresourcesofobservationandexperiment,carelessnessinobservation,neglectofrelevantfacts,byappealtoexperimentandobservation-thesearethefaultswhichcauseallfailurestoascertaintruth,whetheramongtheancientsorthemodernms;butthisstatementdoesnotexplainwhythemodernmispossessedofagreatervirtue,andbywhatmeansheattainedhissuperiority.Muchlessdoesitexplainthesuddengrowthofscienceinrecenttimes.

Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthisphenomenonintheantithesisof“”facts"”and“"theories"”or“’’facts”and“”ideas”n-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.Theories,iftrue,arefacts-aparticularclassoffactsindeed,generallycomplex,andifalogicalconnectionsubsistsbetweentheirconstituents,haveallthepositiveattributesoftheories.

Nevertheless,thisdistinction,howeverinadequateitmaybetoexplainthesourceoftruemethodinscience,iswellfounded,andconnotesanimportantcharacterintruemethod.Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.

1.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis（

）.

2.Thedifferencebetween“fact”and“theory"’.

3.Thestatement“Theoriesarefacts’’maybecalled（

）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,mathematicsis（

）.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,onepossiblereasonforthegrowthofscienceduringthedaysoftheancientGreeksandinmoderntimesis（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Philosophyofmathematics

B.TheRecentGrowthinScience

C.TheVerificationofFacts

D.MethodsofScientificInquiry

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isthatthelatterneedsconfirmation

B.restsonthesimplicityoftheformer

C.isthedifferencebetweenthemodernscientistsandtheancientGreeks

D.helpsustounderstandthedeductivemethod

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ametaphor

B.aparadox

C.anappraisaloftheinductiveanddeductivemethods

D.apun

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.aninductivescience

B.inneedofsimpleverification

C.adeductivescience

D.basedonfactandtheory

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thesimilaritybetweenthetwoperiods

B.thatitwasanactofGod

C.thatbothtriedtodeveloptheinductivemethod

D.duetothedeclineofthedeductivemethod

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章通篇都是在討論科學(xué)研究或探索的方法。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段指出:Theattempttodiscovertheexplanationofthishenomenonintheantithesisof"facts"and"theories"or"facts"and"ideas"-intheneglectamongtheancientsoftheformer,andtheirtooexclusiveattentiontothelatter-provesalsotobetoonarrow,aswellasopentothechargeofvagueness.Forinthefirstplace,theantithesisisnotcomplete.Factsandtheoriesarenotcoordinatespecies.試圖在事實(shí)的對(duì)立面和理論，或事實(shí)和思想中發(fā)現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象的解釋看起來有些太狹隘，也會(huì)因模糊不清遭批評(píng)。因?yàn)椋瑢?duì)立面不全面，事實(shí)和理論不是同類的事物。第五段指出：Afactisapropositionofsimple.Atheory,ontheotherhand,iftruehasallthecharacteristicsofafact,exceptthatitsverificationispossibleonlybyindirect,remote,anddifficultmeans.Toconverttheoriesintofactsistoaddsimpleverification,andthetheorythusacquiresthefullcharacteristicsofafact.事實(shí)是一個(gè)提議，通過運(yùn)用知識(shí)的源泉和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而證實(shí)的提議直接而又簡單。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過非直接的，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式方法），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡單的核實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性。由此得出，選擇A:后者(理論)需要證實(shí)。

3.推斷題。文章指出:事實(shí)和理論不是同類的事物。因此“理論即事實(shí)”的論斷就是悖論。故B項(xiàng)正確。

4.推斷題。選項(xiàng)C推理演繹科學(xué)正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出：Orshouldweascribethecharacteristicsofbothperiodstoso-calledhistoricalaccidents-totheinfluenceofconjunctionsincircumstancesofwhichnoexplanationispossible,saveintheomnipotenceandwisdomofaguidingProvidence?或者，我們是否應(yīng)該把這兩個(gè)時(shí)期的特征都?xì)w因于所謂的歷史意外事件一一歸因于客觀環(huán)境中相似性結(jié)合的影響。這一點(diǎn)除非以指導(dǎo)一切的上帝的智慧和無限權(quán)利來解釋，否則難以解說清楚。因此B項(xiàng):是上天的安排為正確選項(xiàng)。

6.單選題

Thewingsofthebirdstill（）afterithadbeenshotdown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.slapped

B.scratched

C.flapped

D.fluctuated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。slap“掌擊，拍掌”；scratch“刮，抓”；flap“拍打”；fluctuate“波動(dòng)”。句意：這只鳥在被擊倒之后，它的翅膀仍然在拍打。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Totheextentthatdemocracyhasspread,itisbecauseitisaneffectivemethodofholdingrulersaccountabletotheirpeople,andnotsimplybecauseofitsculturalprestige.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolution

B.impact

C.fame

D.conversion

【答案】C

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.evolution演變，發(fā)展B.impact撞擊

C.fame名聲，聲譽(yù)D.conversion轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】prestige的意思為“威信，聲望”，民主傳播不僅僅是因?yàn)槠湮幕曂琭ame與之詞義相近，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】就民主傳播的程度而言，這是因?yàn)樗且环N讓統(tǒng)治者對(duì)其人民負(fù)責(zé)的有效方法，而不僅僅是因?yàn)樗奈幕曂?/p>

8.單選題

Shefeltthatshewastoo（

）withproblemstobeabletostudyproperly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.burdened

B.tired

C.grieved

D.disturbed

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。burdened“背負(fù)的”；tired“疲倦的”；grieved“悲傷的”；disturbed“打攪的”。句意：她覺得自己背負(fù)著太多問題而不能正確學(xué)習(xí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。too···to···“太······而不能······”。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.單選題

She’sgotso（）tolightmusicthatithasbecomeaconstantcompanionofherlife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usetolisten

B.usedtolisten

C.usedinlistening

D.usedtolistening

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。getusedtodoingsth.為固定搭配，意為習(xí)慣于做某事。所以本題選D。

10.單選題

MicrosoftfounderBillGateshas

(

)

aboutbeingaparent,statingthat13isanappropriateageforachild’sfirstcellphone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.openedup

B.takenup

C.putup

D.heldup

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。openup“坦誠地說，開辟，打開”；takeup“開始從事，占用”；putup“提供，提出，建造”；holdup“舉起”。句意：微軟創(chuàng)始人比爾?蓋茨坦言為人父母之道，表明13歲是孩子擁有第一部手機(jī)的合適年齡。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Infact,theU.SCongress（）totheBritishParliamentastheybothhavetherighttomakelaws.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.agrees

B.corresponds

C.matches

D.coincides

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:agree“同意”；B:corresponds(to)“相當(dāng)于”；C:match“匹配”；D:;coincide“一致”。句意：事實(shí)上，美國國會(huì)相當(dāng)于英國議會(huì)，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谥贫ǚ煞矫鏅?quán)力相同。此處使用固定搭配coincidewith，故B為正確答案。

12.單選題

Thegovernessagreedtoteachthetemperamentalchild______shewasgivencompleteauthority.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.that

B.provided

C.whether

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查從句。句意：______賦予那位女家教老師完全的支配權(quán)，她答應(yīng)去教那個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子。橫線面前部分是主句，橫線后面部分是從句，根據(jù)語境，這里是一個(gè)條件狀語從句，A選項(xiàng)that可引導(dǎo)賓語從句、定語從句、同位語從句等；B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；C選項(xiàng)whether意思為“是否”時(shí)引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句等，意思為“不論”時(shí)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)原因狀語從句。根據(jù)語境，教這個(gè)脾氣暴躁的孩子是有挑戰(zhàn)的事情，那位教師只有擁有完全的掌控權(quán)，她才肯做這件事，B選項(xiàng)provided“假如，在……條件下，前提是”符合題意。D選項(xiàng)for“因?yàn)椤痹谶@里不如B選項(xiàng)provided符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.填空題

reconstitute

capable

power

literal

communicate

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visio:sight)roots,can（1）beinterpretedassightfromadistance.Verysimplyput,itworksinthisway:throughasophisticatedsystemofelectronics,televisionprovidesthe（2）ofconvertinganimage(focusedonaspecialphotoconductiveplatewithinacamera)intoelectronicimpulses,whichcanbesentthroughawireorcable.Theseimpulses,whenfedintoareceiver(televisionset),canthenbeelectronically（3）intothatsameimage.

Televisionismorethanjustanelectronicsystem,however.Itisameans