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書山有路勤為徑,學海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區的她考研考博-英語-天津輕工職業技術學院押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹慎購買!第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓練(共50題)1.單選題

Heisso____thathebuiltaporchforhishouselastsummerduringhisvacation.

問題1選項

A.productive

B.snobbish

C.authoritative

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.productive高效的;多產的B.snobbish勢利的

C.authoritative權威的D.versatile多才多藝的

【答案】D

【考查點】語義銜接

【解題思路】根據后文“去年夏天度假時還為自己的房子建了一個門廊”可知,他會修建門廊,體現出他的多才多藝,D選項versatile“多才多藝的”最符合前后語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項productive“高效的;多產的”,側重于指生產商品或種植農作物的產量高,不符合前后語義銜接;

B選項snobbish“勢利的”,不符合前后語義銜接;

C選項authoritative“權威的”,不符合前后語義銜接。

【句意】他多才多藝,去年夏天度假時還為自己的房子建了一個門廊。

2.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased(

),awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項manipulation“操作,處理”;B選項reproduction“繁殖,生殖”;C選項circulation“(報紙、雜志的)發行量,銷售量,流通,傳播”;D選項penetration“穿透,滲透”。根據newspapers(報紙)可知C選項符合語境。句意:美國報紙的新技術革命帶來了更多的發行量、廣泛的出版物和擴大了報紙的就業機會。

3.單選題

Inadivorce,themotherusuallyisgranted()ofherchildren.

問題1選項

A.support

B.retention

C.perseverance

D.custody

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項support“支持;供養;支持者”;B選項retention“保留;扣留,滯留”;C選項perseverance“堅持不懈;不屈不撓”;D選項custody“保管;監護;拘留;撫養權”。句意:在離婚中,母親通常獲得子女的撫養權。由關鍵詞“divorce離婚”可知“撫養權”符合語境,因此D選項正確。

4.單選題

Theclassactionhasbeenfiledwithacourtafterthecommunity’sconference.

問題1選項

A.suit

B.activity

C.report

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。Classaction在句中表示“集體訴訟,共同訴訟”,action表示訴訟有關的行動,A選項suit“訴訟”;B選項activity“活動”;C選項report“報告”;D選項examination“考試,檢查”。句意:集體訴訟經集體商議后被提交給法院。根據句意A項正確。

5.單選題

Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor(1)toconsidertheroleofgovernment.Governmenthasapowerful(2)ontheeconomyinatleastfourways:

DirectServices.Thepostalsystem,forexample,isafederalsystem(3)theentirenation,asisthelargeandcomplexmilitaryestablishment.Conversely,theconstructionand(4)ofmosthighways,the(5)oftheindividualstates,andthepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment,areprimarily(6)forbycountyorcitygovernments.Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation(7)arealsotheresponsibilitiesoflocalgovernment.

RegulationandControl.Thegovernmentregulatesandcontrolsprivate(8)inmanyways,forthe(9)ofassuringthatbusinessservesthebest(10)ofthepeopleasawhole.Regulationisnecessaryinareaswhereprivateenterpriseisgranteda(11),suchasintelephoneorelectricservice,orinotherareaswherethereislimitedcompetition,aswithrailroadsorairlines.Publicpolicypermitssuchcompaniestomakeareasonable(12),butlimitstheirabilitytoraiseprices(13),sincethepublicdependsontheirservices.Oftencontrolis(14)toprotectthepublic,asforexample,whentheFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof(15)infood.Inotherindustries,governmentsetsguidelinestoensurefaircompetitionwithoutusingdirectcontrol.

StabilizationandGrowth.Branchesofgovernment,includingCongressandsuchentitiesastheFederalReserveBoard,attempttocontroltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflationanddepression,by(16)taxrates,themoneysupply,andtheuseofcredit.Theycanalso(17)theeconomythroughchangesintheamountofpublicspendingbythegovernmentitself.

DirectAssistance.Thegovernmentprovidesmanykindsofhelpto(18)andindividuals.Forexample,tariffs(19)certainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;importsaresometimestaxedsothatAmericanproductsareableto(20)betterwithcertainforeigngoods.Governmentsupportsindividualswhocannotadequatelycareforthemselves,bymakinggrantstoworkingparentswithdependentchildren,byprovidingmedicalcarefortheagedandtheindigent,andthroughsocialwelfaresystem.

問題1選項

A.economy

B.horror

C.magnifier

D.element

問題2選項

A.elevation

B.emotion

C.effect

D.election

問題3選項

A.dripping

B.serving

C.diverging

D.clamping

問題4選項

A.clearance

B.combustion

C.commence

D.maintenance

問題5選項

A.commonplace

B.responsibility

C.conductivity

D.consequence

問題6選項

A.consoled

B.compacted

C.paid

D.bracketed

問題7選項

A.services

B.boycotts

C.budgets

D.charters

問題8選項

A.banquet

B.boom

C.arena

D.enterprise

問題9選項

A.assertion

B.purpose

C.asset

D.assumption

問題10選項

A.admiration

B.interests

C.adoption

D.accuracy

問題11選項

A.monopoly

B.acceptance

C.abolition

D.morality

問題12選項

A.proximity

B.blend

C.breast

D.profit

問題13選項

A.fairly

B.unfairly

C.friendly

D.unnecessarily

問題14選項

A.exercised

B.broadened

C.bankrupted

D.exemplified

問題15選項

A.faculty

B.quantity

C.quality

D.fragment

問題16選項

A.applauding

B.assessing

C.ascending

D.adjusting

問題17選項

A.affect

B.accommodate

C.adhere

D.affirm

問題18選項

A.beverage

B.businesses

C.bondage

D.botany

問題19選項

A.perplex

B.permit

C.perturb

D.plunder

問題20選項

A.compensate

B.confront

C.console

D.compete

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

第6題:C

第7題:A

第8題:D

第9題:B

第10題:B

第11題:A

第12題:D

第13題:B

第14題:A

第15題:C

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:B

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】1.考查邏輯關系。element“元素、要素”;magnifier“放大鏡”;horror“恐怖”;economy“經濟”。文章開頭第一句就講到消費者與生產者會對經濟產生影響,由此可以推出文章接下來要講另一個影響因素,只有D符合題意。

2.考查詞匯辨析。elevation”海撥,提高”;emotion“情感、情緒”;election“選舉”;powerfuleffect“強大的影響力”,選項C符合題意。

3.考查邏輯關系。drip”滴下”;diverge“偏離、分叉”;clamp“夾住”。郵政系統屬于服務行業,故選擇B“服務”。

4.考查名詞詞義辨析。clearance“清除”;combustion“燃燒、氧化”;commence“開始,著手”;maintenance“維修;維護”高速公路除了建設,還需要對其進行保養,才保證正常使用。選項D符合題意。

5.考查名詞詞義辨析。commonplace“老生常談、司空見慣的事”;conductivity“導電性”;consequence“結果,后果”。高速公路建設與保養問題,涉及一個歸屬與責任權的問題,句中提到individualstates(各個州)。由此可知選B(責任)符合題意。

6.考查動詞詞義辨析。console“安慰”;compact“壓縮、壓緊”;bracket“把...歸入同一類”。句中提到thepubliceducationalsystems,despitealargefundingrolebythefederalgovernment(公共教育系統大多數的資金由聯邦政府提供)。由此可知,接下來繼續談論費用的承擔問題。選項C(支付)符合題意。

7.考查固定搭配。boycott“聯合抵制”;budget“預算”;charter”憲章、特許狀”;

service“局、部”。Policeandfireprotectionandsanitation

Services(警察局、消防部門、衛生局)。故選擇A。

8.考查名詞詞義辨析。banquet“宴會”;boom“興旺,繁榮”;arena“舞臺”;enterprise“企業”。文章是講政府在經濟中發揮的作用,推動經濟的發展很大程度上取決于企業的發展,句中business:此處理解為企業。選項D符合題意。

9.考查名詞詞義辨析。assertion“斷言、聲明”;asset“資產,財產”;assumption“假定,假設”。政府實施對企業的管理是為了達到某一目的,故選擇B(目的,企圖)。

10.考查名詞詞義辨析。admiration”欽佩,贊賞”;adoption“采用,收養”;accuracy“精確度,準確性”。政府指導企業的發展,讓企業在盈利的同時,也需要滿足全社會的利益,故選擇B(利益)。

11.考查名詞詞義辨析。acceptance“接受”;abolition”廢除,廢止”;morality“道德,品行”。企業為了個人利益難免會壟斷某個行業,Regulationisnecessaryinareas:政府在某些行業采取調控是有必要的。故得知選擇A(壟斷)。

12.考查名詞詞義辨析。proximity“接近,鄰近”;blend“混合”;breast“胸懷,乳房”。

企業要生存就必須盈利,故選擇D(利潤)。

13.考查副詞詞義辨析。fairly“公平地”;friendly“友好的”;unnecessarily“不必要地”。企業為了賺得更多的利潤,會打價格戰,會惡意提高價格,故選擇B(不公平地)。

14.考查動詞詞義辨析。broaden“擴大,變寬”;bankrupt“破產”;exemplify”例證,例示”。control此處理解為調控,而這一行為是需要實施,故選擇A(運用,執行)。

15.考查名詞詞義辨析。faculty“科,系”;quantity“量,數量”;fragment“碎片,片段”。theFoodandDrugAdministrationbansharmfuldrugs,orrequiresstandardsof65infood:食品藥品管理局禁止生產有害藥品,提出食品加工的質量標準,由此可知選擇C(質量)。

16.考查動詞詞義辨析。applaud“贊同,鼓掌”;assess“評定,估計”;ascend“上升,攀登”。...controltheextremesofboomandbust,ofinflation...:調控經濟過熱和過度衰退,抑制通貨膨脹。要解決這些問題需要采用一些經濟手段,如:調整稅率,貨幣發行量(themoneysupply),故選擇D(調整)。

17.考查名詞詞義辨析。accommodate“適應,調解”;adhere“堅持”;affirm“肯定,斷言”。運用經濟手段(調整稅率、貨幣發行量),會對經濟產生一定影響,故選擇A(影響)。

18.考查名詞詞義辨析。beverage“飲料”;bondage“束縛,奴役”;botany“植物學”。individual:個人,政府要保證個體利益也需要照顧全局,由此可以得知選擇B(企業)。

19.考查動詞詞義辨析。Perplex“困惑,為難”;perturb“擾亂”;plunder”搶奪,搶劫”。tariffscertainproductstoremainrelativelyfreeofforeigncompetition;為了企業的更好的發展,可以允許減免某些企業的稅收,故選擇B(允許)。

20.考查動詞詞義辨析。compensate“補償、賠償”;confront“面對,遭遇”;console“安慰,慰藉”。...Americanproducts...withcertainforeigngoods(美國產品、外國產品),可得知國內產品與外國產品為了爭得市場,必然存在競爭,故選D(競爭)。

6.單選題

Thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,butnot(

)extensivedamagehadbeencaused.

問題1選項

A.before

B.since

C.after

D.as

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞辨析。before“在…之前”;since“自…以來”;after“在…之后”;as“因為”。句意:盡管這場火災最終得到了控制,但仍然造成了大量的損害。由butnot轉折否定關系可知火災已經造成了大量損害,大量損害發生在前,火災控制在后。故A項正確。

7.單選題

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Einbox28ontheAnswerSheet.(

問題1選項

A.Environmentalmanagement

B.Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply

C.Soilerosion

D.Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward

E.Farmsubsidies

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。根據文章第一段,可知文章的主要內容為政府在農業方面的相關政策對農業環境的影響。緊接著下文運用很多國家的例子說明了政府運用各種不同的政策來減少農業活動對環境帶來的各種破壞,使土壤和環境得到保護。分別討論了在富裕的國家和貧窮的國家,相關政策對環境保護帶來的影響和效果。可判斷出本文內容主要是圍繞環境管理開展的。Environmentalmanagement“環境管理”;Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply“增加世界糧食供應”;Soilerosion“土壤侵蝕”;Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward“化肥和殺蟲劑——未來之路”;Farmsubsidies“農業補貼”。選項A符合題意。

8.單選題

Peoplehadbeenconsciousoftheproblembefore,butthebookmadethemawareofits().

問題1選項

A.manuscript

B.multitude

C.masterpiece

D.magnitude

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項manuscript“手稿;原稿”;B選項multitude“大量;群眾”;C選項masterpiece“杰作”;D選項magnitude“大小;重要”。句意:人們以前只是注意到了這個問題,但是這本書讓她們意識到了問題的……。空格內是對問題的一個概括。問題一般可分為大問題和小問題,因此D選項符合題意。

9.單選題

Thisriverissowidethatitisimpossibletobuilda(

)underitwithoutmoderntechnology.

問題1選項

A.canal

B.tunnel

C.channel

D.cable

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。canal“運河,管道”;tunnel“隧道”;channel“通道,海峽”;cable“纜繩,電纜”。句意:這條河這么寬,要在它地下修建一條隧道沒有現代技術是不可能實現的。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Lastyear,thecrimerateinChicagohassharply(

).

問題1選項

A.descended

B.slipped

C.lessened

D.declined

【答案】D

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。descend“下降,下傾(數量)”;slip“使滑動”;lessen“使變小,使減輕”;decline“下降,拒絕”。句意:去年,芝加哥的犯罪率急劇下降。因此選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Anarrowhasasharp,pointedheadwithwhichitperforatesitstarget.

問題1選項

A.facestoward

B.follows

C.pierces

D.fliestoward

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞義辨析。perforate表示“穿過,穿孔”。A項facetoward“正對著”,B項follow“跟隨”,C項pierce“刺穿,穿破”,D項flytoward“飛向”;句意:箭頭前端很尖銳,可以用它來刺穿目標物。根據句意該題選C。

12.單選題

Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeveruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages.

Peopleoncethoughtofthelanguagesofbackwardgroupsasundeveloped.Whileitispossiblethatlanguageingeneralbeganasaseriesofgruntsandgroans,itisafactestablishedbythestudyof“backward’languagesthatnospokentongueanswersthatdescriptiontoday.Mostlanguagesofuncivilizedgroupsarebyourmostseverestandards,extremelycomplex.TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers.Eveninthisaspect,twothingsaretobenoted.First,alllanguagesseemtopossessthemachineryforvocabularyexpansion,eitherbyputtingtogetherwordsalreadyinexistenceorbyborrowingthemfromotherlanguagesandadaptingthemtotheirownsystem.Second,theobjectsandactivitiesrequiringnamesanddistinctionsin“backward”languages,whiledifferentfromtheWest,areoftensurprisinglynumerousandcomplicated.AWesternlanguagedistinguishesmerelybetweentwodegreesofremoteness(“this”and“that”).ButsomelanguagesoftheAmericanIndiansdistinguishbetweenwhatisclosetothespeaker,ortothepersonaddressed,orremovedfromboth,oroutofsight,orinthepast,orinthefuture.

1.Everygroupofhumanbeingshas(

).

2.“Backward”languagesfallbehindWesternlanguagesin

).

3.Alllanguages,whethercivilizedornot,havetheirown

).

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Theauthor’sattitudeshowninthispassagetoward“backward”languagesis(

).

問題1選項

A.itsownsetofideas,beliefsandwaysoflife

B.anextremelycomplexanddelicatelanguage

C.itsownelegantmusic,literature,andotherarts

D.theprocessofgrowingcropsorraisinganimals

問題2選項

A.waystotransferideas

B.formstosatisfyneeds

C.abilitiestoanswerdescription

D.systemstoexpandvocabulary

問題3選項

A.waystotransferideas

B.formstosatisfyneeds

C.abilitiestoanswerdescription

D.systemstoexpandvocabulary

問題4選項

A.Anthropologistshavenothingtodowithlinguists.

B.Linguistshavenothingtodowithanthropologists.

C.Thestudyoflanguagescastslightuponthestudyofcultures.

D.Thestudyofculturescastsnolightuponthestudyoflanguages.

問題5選項

A.restrained

B.subjective

C.objective

D.resolute

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.細節事實題。題目問的是“每個群體都有……”。文章第一段第一句提到“文化是一個特定群體的所有傳統、習俗、信仰和生活方式的總和”(Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customs,beliefsandwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings),由此可知每個群體都有自己的思想、信仰和生活方式,選項A符合題意。

2.細節事實題。題目問的是“落后群體的語言在哪方面落后于西方語言”。文章第二段第四句提到“它們與西方語言的區別不在于發音模式或者語法結構,而在于它們的詞匯”(TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers),由此可知選項D符合題意。

3.細節事實題。題目問的是“無論是開化的還是未開化的語言,都有自己的……”。文章第二段第四句話提到“它們與西方語言的區別不在于發音模式或者語法結構,這些通常能滿足所有語言要求”(TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds),由此可知,無論是何種語言,都能滿足交流要求,選項B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。題目問的是“下列哪項隱含在文章內容中”。文章第一段最后一句提到“對于專業的人類學家來說,一種文化并不比另一種文化具有內在優越性,正如同對于專業的語言學家而言,語言之間也沒有內在的層次之分”(Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages),由此可知,人類學與文化之間是有一定聯系的,因此選項A,B,D都可以排除,選項C符合題意。

5.觀點態度題。題目問的是“作者對‘落后’語言的觀點是……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“對于專業的人類學家來說,一種文化并不比另一種文化具有內在優越性,正如同對于專業的語言學家而言,語言之間也沒有內在的層次之分”(Totheprofessionalanthropologist,thereisnointrinsicsuperiorityofonecultureoveranother,justastotheprofessionallinguist;thereisnointrinsichierarchyamonglanguages);第二段第四句提到“它們與西方語言的區別不在于發音模式或者語法結構,而在于它們的詞匯”(TheydifferfromWesternlanguagesnotintheirsoundpatternsorgrammaticalstructures,whichusuallyarefullyadequateforalllanguageneeds,butonlyintheirvocabularies,whichreflecttheobjectsandactivitiesknowntotheirspeakers),所以作者對它的態度是客觀的,選項C符合題意。

13.單選題

Avirtualanchorite,he(

)tohisself-sufficiency.

問題1選項

A.adheres

B.confirms

C.conforms

D.admonishes

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。adhere“堅持;依附”,為不及物動詞,一般與to構成adhereto“堅持;粘附”;confirm“確認;證實”,為及物動詞;conform“使遵守;使一致”。句意:作為隱士的他堅持自給自足。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Shecontrivedtogetaglimpseofthelightoftruthhereandthere,andhopedthat()raymightsufficetoguideher.

問題1選項

A.scant

B.scarce

C.meager

D.sparse

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項scant“不足的,缺乏的”,強調的是勉強足夠的;B選項scarce“缺乏的,稀有的”,強調的是“稀缺、珍貴”;C選項meager“貧乏的”,多指收入微薄;D選項sparse“稀疏的,稀少的”,強調人煙稀少,資源匱乏。句意:她設法在各處瞥見一點真理的光芒,希望那微弱的光芒足以引導她。這里強調的是勉強足夠的,所以選項A更符合語境。

15.單選題

Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened(

)asuddenloudnoise.

問題1選項

A.therewas

B.therehavingbeen

C.beingthere

D.shouldtherebe

【答案】D

【解析】句意:如有突然的巨響,那么這些動物確實有可能受驚。

語法題。考查虛擬語氣。該句屬于與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣,主句部分為could+動詞原形,從句部分應該為should+動詞原形或wereto+動詞原形,當省略引導詞if后需采用倒裝,將should提前。

16.單選題

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

問題1選項

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項glanced“瞥閃,瞥見,掃視,匆匆一看(強調主動的加以注意瞥了一眼);瀏覽;斜擊某物后斜彈開來;反光;輕擦(球);(板球)斜擊”;B選項glimpsed“瞥見(強調被動的,比如某個東西在眼前閃了一下,不是主動去看)”;C選項glared“怒目而視,瞪眼看;發出刺眼的光”;D選項scribbled“亂畫;潦草地書寫;寫作(非正式);粗疏(羊毛)”。句意:他離開辦公室前___手表。本句表達“主動地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A選項正確。

17.不定項選擇題

OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-byeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone’sside,orthatinItalyand

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