高三語法復習之

定語從句

AttributiveClause定義定語從句（AttributiveClauses）通常皆放在它所修飾名、代詞之后，這種名、代詞就叫做先行詞。引導定語從句關聯詞為關系代詞和關系副詞。定語從句是由關系代詞和關系副詞引導從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句某個名詞性成份，定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。關系代詞指代范圍主格賓格全部格人whowhomwhose=ofwhom物whichwhichwhose=ofwhich人或物thatthat——asas——such…asthesame…as——關系代詞HeistheprofessorthenameofwhomwasJackson.

whowasnamedJackson.

whosenamewasJackson.

(who/whom/that)Jacksonmet.Thenovelwhich/thatwasreadbyyoubelongstoyou.(which/that)youread

whosecoverwasbrokenthecoverofwhichwasbrokenAsisknowntoall,ChinaisintheeastofAsia.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Iwanttoreadsuchabookasyouread

thesamebookas

whom,that,which在從句中作賓語常可省略。

關系副詞指代范圍連接詞

時間when=適當介詞+which狀語地點where=適當介詞+which狀語原因why=for+which狀語方式that=inwhich可省略狀語關系副詞Thatisthedaywhen=onwhichhewentcollege.

(which/that)hewenttocollegeon.

which/thatmustberememberedbyus.Thisistheplacewhere=inwhichheusedtolive.(which/that)heusedtolivein.(which/that)hevisitedbefore.Idon’tbelievethereason

why=forwhichhewaslateforschool.

(which/that)hewaslateforschoolfor.

(which/that)hegaveme.

Idon’tliketheway(that=inwhich)hespoketohismother.表示時間、地點、原因先行詞作定語從句謂語動詞主語、賓語時，應用that或which，作賓語時可省略，如每一大句第三個句子。介詞與關系代詞1.名（代）詞+介詞+關系代詞（在句中普通做主語），慣用此結構代詞有one,both,all,some,most,several,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,none,half等Ipickeduptheapples,someofwhichwerebad.Ihaveseenmanyforeigners,mostofwhomarefromEurope.2.數量詞或形容詞最高級+of+關系代詞Hehastencousins,threeofwhomareclever.50percenttheyoungestofwhomisclever.介詞與關系代詞3.介詞+關系代詞（在句中作狀語）a.依據定語從句謂語選擇適當介詞b.依據先行詞選取關系代詞，whom指人或which指物c.短語動詞不能拆開，如:lookfor,lookafter等ThisisthegirlfromwhomIlearnedthenews.Isthistheknifewhichyouarelookingfor?4.介詞+which+名詞（在句中作狀語），此結構可轉換為and+介詞+that/this+名詞結構Tomspent4yearsincollege,duringwhichtime/andduringthistimehelearnedFrench.

介詞與關系代詞5.介詞短語+關系代詞（在劇中普通作狀語），此結構可于介詞+whose+名詞結構轉換Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhich/inwhosefront/andinitsfrontthereisariver.6.介詞+whom+主、謂結構介詞+which+主、謂結構（介詞)+whose+名詞+主、謂結構=and+介詞+形容詞性物主代詞+名詞+主謂結構（介詞）+which+名詞+主、謂結構=and+介詞+this或that+名詞+主、謂結構Heisthepersontowhomyoucanturnforhelp.Thepencilwithwhichhewaswritingbroke.Heisthemanfromwhosehouse/andfromhishousethepictureswerestolenItoldhimtogotoadoctor,whichadvice/andthisadvicehetook.只用that定語從句當先行詞為1.all,few,little,much,none,some,(…)thing時2.形容詞最高級、序數詞、數詞（所修飾）時3.人、物并用時4.every,no,any,juet,only,very,right等修飾時5.為疑問代詞時Anythingthatcanburnisasourceofheatenergy.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thefirstthing(that)weshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.Icanseethetwothatareplayinginthegarden.Hetalkedaboutthingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.Thereisnodifficulty(that)wecan’tsmoothaway.WhoisthemanthatisstandingbesideTom?只用that定語從句當主句是以who，which開頭特殊疑問句時Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasnotworthreading?句中有which防止重復Hebuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.therebe句型ThereisabookinthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.關系代詞在句中作表語Chinaisnotacountrythatitusedtobe.只用who不用that定語從句先行詞為one，ones，anyone，those時Anyonewhodoesthatmustbemad.Thosewhodaretobreakthelawmustbepunished.therebe句型Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.先行詞是人，而后面有一個較長修飾語時Imetafriendofmineintheparkyesterdaywhohadgotthegoldmetal.關系代詞as使用方法可位于句首（中、尾），位置靈活

Asweallknow,TaiwanbelongstoChina.Taiwan,as/whichweallknow,belongstoChina.TaiwanbelongstoChina,as/whichweallknow.常作主動語態賓語Ourteam,aswehadexpected,defeatedtheirs.常作被動語態主語

Asisannouncedinthepapers,Chinahassentupanothersatellite.慣用于beknown(expected,announced,reported,shown)等結構中只能指代主句整個概念，不能指代單個先行詞關系代詞as使用方法能夠引導（非）限定性定語從句HeisanAmerican,asIknowfromhisaccent.引導限制性定語從句常和thesame，such，so，as等連用Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.thesame…as指不一樣人或物thesame…that指同一個人或物ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.(是兩本書)ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.(是同一本書)關系代詞which使用方法可位于句中（尾），不能位于句首做主動主語+謂語+賓語結構中主語和賓語Thesportsmeetwasputoff,whichastonishedus.做主動主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語結構中主語和賓語；做被動語態主語Thehonestboytoldalie,whichhefoundstrange.可指代主句整個概念，也可指代單個先行詞Shemarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.可引導（非）限制性定語從句對主句內容起消極作用，或用于否定意義從句Ilostmywatch,whichisnotfoundyet.關系代詞which使用方法作關系形容詞作定語+名詞=andthis（that，these，those）+名詞Hewillcome,inwhichcase/andinthiscaseI’llaskhimtohelp.做介詞賓語代替事物Thisisthedictionarytowhichhefrequentlyreferredbefore.先行詞本身是that時Thatwhichyouborrowedfrommewasn’tarealdiamondnecklace.指人“性質，身份”而不是指人時Helookedlikeanhonestman,whichhewas.指前面形容詞時Heisalwayscheerful,whichishisfinesttrait.有時指它前面賓語從句Hetoldme,whichwasbelievable,whodidallthis.有時泛指下文所指話時

Theastronautswent,andwhichismoreamazing,landedonthemoon.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句區分限定性定語從句是先行詞不可缺乏定語，假如省去，主句意思就不完整或不明確。非限定性定語從句只是對先行詞做附加說明，假如省去，主句意思依然清楚。限定性定語從句與主句之間不能用逗號分開；非限定性定語從句與主句之間要用逗號分開 Shehasasonwhoisadoctor.(不止一個)Shehasason,who(=andhe)isadoctor.(僅有一個)限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句區分限定性定語從句能夠用that引導；非限定性定語從句不用that引導，應用whichThatistheinterestingnovelthat/whichyouareeagertoread.Ireadaninterestingnovel,whichwasaboutthelongMarch.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句區分限定性定語從句關聯詞作賓語可省略，非限定性定語從句關聯詞作賓語時不能省略，介詞后關聯詞也不能省略Iwillneverforgetthedays(that/which)wespenttogether.Heistheman(whom/that)youcanturntoforadvice.Heisthemantowhomyoucanturnforhelp.(不能省)Hismother,whomheloveddearly,diedin1818.(不能省)限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句區分限定性定語從句普通只修飾先行詞；非限定性定語從句能夠修飾先行詞，也能夠修飾其前面整個句子或句子一部分Ihavefinishedthenovelthatyoulentmeyesterday.Shefailedintheexamagain,whichmadehermotherveryangry.HewillmakeatriptoSuzhou,whichisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.歷屆高考單項選擇試題Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,__forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.whenIsthisthereason__atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained歷屆高考單項選擇試題Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers__shehadwipedherhands.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.thatWhatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut__hesaidit.