住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-對外經濟貿易大學考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

由于消費支出占國家總產出的大約三分之二，所以恢復消費者信心是格林斯潘和國會的當務之急。

許多美國企業(yè)，尤其是飛機和其他髙價值工業(yè)的機械和設備制造商堅持認為，這些法規(guī)對抵制歐盟實施的經WT0批準的出口增值稅退稅來說是必要的。

當一個WT0成員國政府就某一爭端提出投訴而且該投訴政府認為其利益正受到另一成員政府行為的損害吋，爭端解決機構(DSB)才了解到該事件。

在過去五年里，歐洲的商業(yè)及企業(yè)環(huán)境也發(fā)生了可觀的變化；私募股權投資公司已經成為新的投資來源，它的出現(xiàn)提高了就業(yè)率，同吋也創(chuàng)造了新的價值。

韋爾奇并非出身富貴之門，也決非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奮斗脫穎而出。

【答案】Becausetheconsumptionexpensetakesupabouttwothirdsofthewholenation’sgrossoutput,it’surgentforGreenspanandtheparliamentarytorecovertheconsumptionconfidence.

ManyAmericanindustries,especiallythemanufacturersoftheairindustryandotherhigh-interestmachineryandequipmentindustries,insistthattheserulesbeessentialtoresistthedrawbackofexportvalue-addedtaxissuedbytheEUandsanctifiedbyWTO.

OnlywhenamembergovernmentofWTOappealstocertaindisputeandcomplainsthatitsinterestisbeingunderminedbyanothermembergovernment,willtheDSBgettoknowtheissue.

Inthepastfiveyears,considerablechangeshavetakenplaceintheEuropeanbusinessandindustryenvironment;theprivatestockequitycorporations,whoseappearanceincreasedtheemploymentrateandcreatednewwealth,havebecomethenewsourceofinvestment.

Welchwasnotbornrich,nordidhebecomefamousovernight.Heoutstoodbyhisownstriving.

2.問答題

Thenewconflictismoredangerousthanthetraditionalonebetweenmanandhisfellowman,(A)wherethe(B)protagonistsatleastsharedacommonlanguage,but(C)whileitcomestothereactionsoftheecosystemstothe(D)onslaughtofmoderntechnology,thereisnocommonlanguage.

【答案】C；“while”改為“when”。

【解析】考查從句引導詞。句意：這種新的沖突比傳統(tǒng)的人與人之間的沖突更危險，在傳統(tǒng)的沖突中，主人公們至少有一種共同的語言，但在當涉及到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對現(xiàn)代技術沖擊的反應時，卻沒有共同的語言。句中的“while”引導時間狀語從句，表示“當……的時候”，而“while”引導的時間狀語從句中謂語部分需為延續(xù)性動詞，為進行時態(tài)，“when”引導的時間狀語從句既可以用延續(xù)性動詞也可以用短暫性動詞，既可以用一般時態(tài)也可以用進行時態(tài)，所以將“while”改為“when”。

3.單選題

Thereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtheydevelopedisunknown.Theyprobablycameaboutjusttogivechildrensomethingtodo.

Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysplayedwithsomekindsoftoysandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheirplayaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingprepared,eveninplay,tostepintotherolesandresponsibilitiesoftheadultworld.

Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,China,JapanandamongtheArcticpeoples,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheirsurroundings.Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.

Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.Theprogressfromthewheeltotheoxcarttotheautomobileisadirectlineofascent.Theprogressfromarattle（拔浪鼓）usedbyababyin3,000BCtooneusedbyaninfanttoday,however,isnotcharacterizedbyinventiveness.Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.

1.Thereasonwhythetoysmostboysplaywitharedifferentfromthosethatgirlsplaywithisthat

（

）.

2.Oneaspectof“theuniversalityoftoys”liesinthefactthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor’sviewonthehistoricaldevelopmentoftoys?

4.Regardedasakindofartform,toys

（

）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofarattletoshowthat（

）.

問題1選項

A.theirsocialrolesarerigidlydetermined

B.mostboyswouldliketofollowtheirfathers’professions

C.boysliketoplaywiththeirfatherswhilegirlswiththeirmothers

D.theylikechallengingactivities

問題2選項

A.technologicaladvanceshavegreatlyimprovedthedurabilityoftoys

B.theimprovementofcraftsmanshipinmakingtoysdependsontheeffortsofuniversities

C.theexplorationoftheuniversehasledtothecreationofnewkindsoftoys

D.thebasiccharacteristicsoftoysarethesametheworldover

問題3選項

A.Thecraftsmanshipintoy-makinghasremainedessentiallyunchanged.

B.Toyshaveremainedbasicallythesameallthroughthecenturies.

C.Thetoyindustryhaswitnessedgreatleapsintechnologyinrecentyears.

D.Toysareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinshapingachild’scharacter.

問題4選項

A.followadirectlineofascent

B.alsoappealgreatlytoadults

C.arenotcharacterizedbytechnologicalprogress

D.reflectthepaceofsocialprogress

問題5選項

A.intoy-makingthereisacontinuityintheuseofmaterials

B.eventhesimplesttoyscanreflecttheprogressoftechnology

C.itoftentakesalongtimetointroducenewtechnologyintotoy-making

D.evenasimpletoycanmirrortheartistictastesofthetime

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined”在社會角色被嚴格定位的社會里，可知男孩和女孩玩得玩具不同，在于他們的社會角色被嚴格區(qū)分，因此選A。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing....Nearlyeverycivilizationhaddolls,littleweapons,toysoldiers,tinyanimalsandvehicles.”玩具在世界各地的發(fā)展和他們對現(xiàn)在的持久性的普遍性是驚人的。……幾乎每個文明都有娃娃，小武器玩具兵，小動物和車輛。可知玩具的基本特性是相同的，因此選D。

3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句“Whatisremarkableaboutthehistoryoftoysisnotsomuchhowtheychangedoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.”玩具歷史引人注目的不在于它們在幾個世紀中發(fā)生了怎樣的變化，而在于它們在多大程度上保持不變。可知B選項“幾個世紀以來，玩具基本上保持不變”符合題意。

4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Becausetoyscanbegenerallyregardedasakindofartform,theyhavenotbeensubjecttotechnologicalleapsthatcharacterizeinventionsforadultuse.”由于玩具通常可以被視為一種藝術形式，因此它們沒有受到技術飛躍的影響，而這些技術是成人發(fā)明的特征。可知玩具不受技術進步影響，不以技術進步為特征，因此選C。

5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Eachrattleistheproductoftheartistictastesofthetimesandsubjecttothelimitationsofavailablematerials.”每一個撥浪鼓都是時代藝術品味的產物，但受現(xiàn)有材料的限制。可知作者使用撥浪鼓的例子是為了說明即使是一個簡單的玩具也能夠反應所處時代的品味，因此選D。

4.問答題

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwent

A

formorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographic

B

patterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahigherrateandata

C

youngeragethantheirEuropeancounterparts.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;wenton

【解析】考查固定搭配。goon意為“持續(xù)”，此處為過去式。

5.翻譯題

MacroeconomicPolicy

IftheGreatDepressionsparkedtheformulizationofmacroeconomicpolicy,thecurrentGlobalFinancialAndEconomicCrisisiswritingthenextchapterHadtherebeenapolicyinventoryfortheGreatDepression,providingtheopportunitytoobservetherangeofpoliciesfollowed,therangeofcountriesimplementingthesepolicies,andtherangeoftheimpact,formalizationoflessonslearnedintheformofmacroeconomictheorywouldhavetokenplacemoreeasilyandmoreconsistentlybybeingabletoseethelargerpicture.Thisthenshouldbethemodestgoalofpolicyinventory——totrytocapturethewhole,theglobalmacropracticesacross77countries,toaidformalizationofmacroeconomicpracticeandtheory.Whatisnotcoveredadequatelybythepolicyinventoryatthemacrolevelisimpact,forwhichamoredetailedfollow-upstudyisrecommended.

Asaresultoftheneedforatrulyglobalviewoftheproblem,thissurveyhasobservedtheentiresampleofcountries,dividingthesampleintotwocategories:high-incomecountries,andlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Threeparticularityimportantfactorsinthepolicyinventorycanbeusedtoanalyzethepolicyresponsesutilizedduringthecrisisyears.

【答案】宏觀經濟政策

如果大蕭條引發(fā)了宏觀經濟政策的制定，那么在存在一個庫存策略的前提下，目前的全球金融和經濟危機將會使大蕭條進入一個新的階段，使我們能夠有機會觀察由此帶來的政策相關的范圍，包括國家實施這些政策的范圍和影響范圍，由于能夠看到更宏觀的藍圖，在宏觀經濟理論中學到的形式的經驗教訓將更容易，更一致的發(fā)生。這應該是政策庫存的適度目標，試圖掌握77個國家的全球宏觀實踐，以幫助宏觀經濟實踐和理論的形式化。在宏觀層面上，政策庫存的影響沒有充分覆蓋，對于這種影響，后續(xù)有一個更詳細的研究建議。

由于需要真正全面地看待這一問題，這項調查觀察了整個國家的樣本，將樣本分為兩類：高收入國家和中低收入國家。庫存策略中的三個特別重要的因素可以用來分析危機期間的政策反應。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

20年來，中國從工業(yè)化、城鎮(zhèn)化加快發(fā)展的國情出發(fā)，不斷豐富可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內涵，積極應對國內外環(huán)境的復雜變化和一系列重大挑戰(zhàn)，實現(xiàn)了經濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、人民生活顯著改善，在控制人口總量、提高人口素質、節(jié)約資源和保護環(huán)境等方面取得了積極進展。同時，作為一個發(fā)展中國家，中國人口眾多、‘生態(tài)脆弱、人均資源占有不足，人均國內生產總值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22億貧困人口，資源環(huán)境對經濟發(fā)展的約束增強，區(qū)域發(fā)展不平衡問題突出，科技創(chuàng)新能力不強，改善民生的任務十分艱巨。

【答案】Overthepast20years,China,basedonitsnationalconditionsofbeingintheacceleratedindustrializationandurbanizationprocesses,hasenrichedtheconnotationsofsustainabledevelopment,activelyrespondedtothecomplexchangesintheenvironmentathomeandabroadandaseriesofmajorchallenges,andachievedsteadyandrapideconomicdevelopment,higherpeople’slivingstandards,andremarkableprogressinpopulationcontrol,populationqualityimprovement,resourcesconservationandenvironmentalprotection.Ontheotherhand,asadevelopingcountrywithalargepopulation,Chinaisfacedwithecologicalfragilityandinadequatepercapitaresources.Itspercapitagrossdomesticproduct(GDP)isstillrankedabout100thintheworldandtherearestill122millionpeoplelivinginpoverty.Moreover,giventhesevereresourcesandenvironmentconstrainsoneconomicdevelopment,pronouncedunevendevelopmentamongregions,andweakscientificandtechnologicalinnovationcapacities,Chinastillfacesandarduoustaskofimprovingpeople’slivelihood.

7.問答題

Thementakingpart,ontheotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.Thereisnothingabout

theirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentirelydifferentage.Thisillusioniscreatedby

A

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatmajorityofmenhavesuccessfullyresistedall

B

C

attemptstomakeitchangetheirstyleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.

D

【答案】試題答案：D;them

【解析】考查代詞。由“thegreatmajorityofmen”可知此處對應的代詞應用復數(shù)形式。

8.寫作題

MiltonMizneroncesaid,“Agoodlistenerisnotonlypopulareverywhere,butafterawhilehegetstoknowsomething.”

Listeningisnotthesimplethingitseemstobe.Listeningisparticipatinginatleastfiveimportantways.Youareagoodlistenerif

1.youcan“see”anideawhenyouhearit.

2.youcandistinguishbetweenessentialpointsanddetails.

3.youcandistinguishbetweenfactsandopinions.

4.youcandistinguishbetweeninformationandpersuasion.

5.andifyoucanthenmakeupyourownmindaboutwhathasbeensaid.

Youaretowriteacompositionof150wordsorsoaboutthepoweroflistening.Youshouldwriteaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Pleasewriteyourcompositionneatlyandclearlyonyouranswersheet.

Topic:ThePowerofListening

Outline

Ievaluateyourlisteningpower

IIjustifytheneedtoimprovelisteningpowereducationally,socially,politically,nationallyandinternationally

IIIdrawanaturalconclusion

Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.

Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.

【答案】Listeningisoneofthemostimportantskillsonecanpossess.Asforme,Ilistentoobtaininformation,tounderstandandtolearn.Ipreferreductivelistening,whichhelpsmereduceeverythingdowntowhatisrelevantanddiscardeverythingthat’snotrelevant.ThatmeanswhenIcommunicatewithothers,Iprefertolistenwithpurpose.Icanalwaysgetmyanswerafterconversation.Frommypointofview,thepoweroflisteningisthatyoumakeaconsciousefforttohearnotonlythewordsthatanotherpersonissaying,butmoreimportantly,trytounderstandthecompletemessagebeingsent.Iwillillustratemypointfromfollowingaspects.

Inclass,itissignificantforbothteacherandstudentstoactivelylisten.Listentothequestionsofstudentsmayhelpteacherfindanefficientwaytoimproveteachingskillandlistentothekeyinformationthatteacherdeliveredcouldhelpstudentsgainabundantknowledge.Insociety,listeningisalsoanindispensablewaytopromotemutualunderstandingandtrust.Thetwocountriesenjoyfirmandfriendlyrelationsifactivelisteningisconducted.Forexample,resultfromlisteningtoeachotherandofferingtimelyhelp,ChinaandPakistanenjoytraditionalfriendship.Ontheotherside,AmericafailedtolistentotheappealandsuggestionsofChina,thetradedisputeswouldnevercease.

Inaword,listeningisacrucialskillthatneedstobelearnedandpracticedfromallaspectsofourdailylife.

9.問答題

GNPbecomesanobsoletemeasureofprogressinasocietystrivingtomeetpeople’sneedsasefficientlyaspossibleandwiththeleastdamagetotheenvironment.Whatcountsisnotgrowthinoutput,butthequalityofservicesrendered.(1)Bicyclesandlightrail,forinstance,arelessresources-intensiveformsoftransportationasautomobilesare，andcontributelesstoGNR.(2)Butshifttomasstransitandcyclingformostpassengertripswouldenhanceurbanlifebyeliminatingtrafficjams，reducingsmog，andmakecitiessaferforpedestrians.(3)GNPwouldgoup，butoverallwell-beingwouldincrease—underscoringtheneedfornewindicatorsofprogress.

Likewise,investinginwater-efficientappliancesandirrigationsystemsinsteadofbuildingmoredamsanddiversioncanalswouldmeetwaterneedswithlessharmtotheenvironment.(4)Sincemassivewaterprojectsconsumeresourcesthanefficiencyinvestmentsdo,GNPwouldtendtodecline.Butqualityoflifewouldimprove.(5)ItbecomesclearlythatstrivingtoboostGNPisofteninappropriateandcounterproductive.AsecologistandphilosopherGarrettHardinputsit.(6)“ForastatesmantotrytomaximizetheGNPisaboutassensibleasforacomposerofmusictotrytomaximizethenumberofnoteinasymphony.’’

Abandoninggrowthasanoverridinggoaldoesnotmeanforsakingthepoor.(7)Risingincomesandmaterialconsumptionareessentialtoimprovingwell-beinginmanyoftheThirdWorld.(8)Butcontrarytothatpoliticalleadersimply,globaleconomicgrowthascurrentlypursuedisnotthesolutiontopoverty.Despitethefivefoldriseinworldeconomicoutputsince1950,1.2billionpeople—morethanever—liveinabsolutepovertytoday.Moregrowthofthesortengineeredinrecentdecadeswillnotsavethepoor,onlyanewsetofprioritiescan.

Formidablebarriersstandinthewayofshiftingfromgrowthtorealprogressasthecentralgoalofeconomicpolicy.(9)Visionthatgrowthconjuresupofanexpandingpieofrichesisapowerfulandconvenientpoliticaltoo!Becauseitallowsthetoughissuesofincomeinequalityandskewedwealthdistributiontobeavoid.(10)Peopleassumethatasfarasthereis—growth,thereishopethatthelivesofthepoorcanbebetteredwithoutsacrificesfromtherich.Thereality,however,isthatachievinganenvironmentallysustainableglobaleconomyisnotpossiblewithouttherichlimitingtheirconsumptioninordertoleaveroomforthepoortoincreasetheirs.

【答案】1.考查比較級。此句表示自行車和輕軌，與汽車相比，對國民總收入的貢獻也較小，因此用比較級than，less...than意為“比……少”。

試題答案：as改成than

2.考查語法一致原則。此處是由and連接的并列結構，其動詞形式應與前面的“eliminatingtrafficjams，reducingsmog”保持一致。

試題答案：make改成making

3.考查上下文語義。由句中的連詞but可知此處表示轉折關系，因此國民生產總值會上升，但整體福利會下降。

試題答案：increase改成decrease

4.考查比較級。由句中的than以及句意（由于大面積水域工程消耗的資源比有效投資消耗的資源多）可知consume后面需要加“more”，修飾resources。

試題答案：在consume后面加“more”

5.考查系動詞。句中的become屬于狀態(tài)變化類系動詞，后面接形容詞接表語。

試題答案：clearly改成clear

6.考查名詞復數(shù)。thenumberof后面接名詞的復數(shù)形式。

試題答案：note改成notes

7.考查不定式。由句中的不定式to可知后面接動詞原形。

試題答案：improving改成improve

8.考查關系代詞。what在句中充當介詞to的賓語，也充當imply的賓語。

試題答案：that改成what

9.考查固定搭配。conjureupsth.outof意為“使某物突然或意外出現(xiàn)”。

試題答案：在up后而加“out”

10.考查固定搭配。aslongas意為“只要”。

試題答案：far改成long

10.填空題

Anyparentwithachild（

）theagesof3and11cantellyou

（

）technologyhascreptintonearly

（

）

aspectsofplaytimeandnearlyeverytypeoftoy.TheHyperDash,introducedrecentlyfromWildPlanet,isa

（

）

inpoint."It'stheperfectblendoftechnology,learningandexercise,"saysaneducationalpsychologist.WildPlanethas

（

）unveiledayoungerversionofHyperDash,forkids3to5,

（

）

AnimalScramble,whichisdue

（

）

storesinSeptember.In

（

）

,thefirmwillsoonreleaseHyperJump.“Playandtechnologyare

（

）

,”saysClaireGreenofthenonprofitParents'ChoiceFoundation,"there's

（

）puttingthegeniebackinthebottle."

【答案】考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)空格后的“theagesof3and11”可知此處是表示年齡在3歲到11歲之間，故填between（在……之間）。

試題答案：between

考查關系代詞。連接詞that引導賓語從句在句中無詞義，不充當句子成分。

試題答案：that

考查不定代詞。根據(jù)“nearlyeverytypeoftoy（幾乎所有類型的玩具）”可知前面表示的是“全面，各個方面”，故填all。

試題答案：all

考查固定搭配。acaseinpoint表示“一個恰當?shù)睦印保颂幈硎尽癏yperDash玩具就是一個恰當?shù)睦印薄?/p>

試題答案：case

考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)空格前has與空格后unveiledayoungerversionofHyperDash可知此處使用的現(xiàn)在完成吋態(tài)，already一般用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中。

試題答案：already

考查上下文語義。此處表示公布的這款玩具被叫作AnimalScramble。

試題答案：called

考查介詞搭配。根據(jù)空格前due（預期到達的）與空格后stores可退出此處表示“預期到達商店”，故填in。

試題答案：in

考查固定搭配。inaddition意為“另外”。

試題答案：addition

考查上下文語義。根據(jù)前文中的It'stheperfectblendoftechnology,learningandexercise（它是技術、學習和鍛煉的完美融合）可推測此時表示“游戲和技術被融合在一起”，用blended的被動形式。

試題答案：blended

考查固定句型。there’snodoing意為“不能……，無法……”。

根據(jù)第19題的分析“游戲和技術被融合在一起”和空格后“puttingthegeniebackinthebottle（將精靈放回到瓶子里）”可推測“游戲和技術被融合在一起，（我們）不可能將精靈放回到瓶子里”，故填no，來表示否定。

試題答案：no

11.問答題

Ambition,(A)asopposedtomerefantasizingaboutdesires,impliesworkanddisciplinetoachievegoals,personalandsocialofakind(B)societycansurvivewithout.Ambition(C)isintimatelyconnectedwithfamily,formenandwomennotonlyworkpartyfortheirfamilies,but(D)harborsomeoftheirmostardentambitionsfortheirchildren.

【答案】B；改成societycannotsurvivewithout。

12.問答題

Eachyear,afewso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydownonthelawand

A

womenaroundtheworldruntoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableand

B

dictatorial.Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;

C

zipsareinandbuttonsareout.

D

【答案】試題答案：A;去掉on

【解析】考查固定搭配。laydown意為“制定”，介詞on在此處是多余的。

13.單選題

IfEnglandhadwontheRevolutionaryWar,thewholehistoryoftheEnglish-speaking

A

B

C

worldhadbeendifferent.

D

問題1選項

A.hadwon

B.the

C.English-speaking

D.hadbeen

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。if引導的虛擬語氣，對過去情況假設，主句：主語＋would/should/might/couldhave＋動詞過去分詞，從句：had＋動詞過去分詞。

試題答案：D;wouldhavebeen

14.問答題

Careerplanningdoesnot(A)guaranteethatalltheproblems,difficulties,or(B)decision-makingsituations(C)facingyouinthefuturewillbesolvedormade(D)moreeasily.

【答案】C；“facing”改為“thatface”。

【解析】考查從句。句意：職業(yè)規(guī)劃并不能保證你更容易解決未來所面臨的問題和困難，或者幫助你更輕松地做出抉擇。現(xiàn)在分詞“facing”在句中作后置定語，可以表主動表進行，等同于“thatyouarefacing”，而句中并沒有體現(xiàn)出進行時態(tài)，所以將“facing”改為“thatface”，其中“that”引導定語從句，修飾先行詞“decision-makingsituation”，表示“你所面臨的抉擇困境”。

15.問答題

FromitsorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthroughtheeighteenthand

A

B

nineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularintheUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In

C

D

1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationappearedinnewspapersandmagazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewtheirportraitsofimportantfiguresprimarilytoentertain.

【答案】試題答案：C;countries

【解析】考查名詞單復數(shù)。由“theeighteenthandnineteenth（十八世紀和十九世紀）可知此處對應的名詞應用復數(shù)形式”，country的復數(shù)形式為countries。

16.單選題

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

問題1選項

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

問題2選項

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

問題3選項

A.Thegovernmentshouldchargecarbonemissionssoastoencouragecompaniestoadoptnewtechnology.

B.Thegovernmentsshouldrewardutilitiesthatinvestinthetechnologiestoreducecarbonemission.

C.Thegovernmentshouldmakelong-timeeffortstoencouragepeopletoplantmoretrees.

D.Thegovernmentshouldpayforlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.”可知美國政府對全球變暖問題沒有積極主動地采取相應措施。第三段中提到“Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration’spolicyiscounterproductive.”雖然美國各州和國會的行動正朝著正確的方向推進，但政府在政策上的模糊性卻產生了相反的效果。”可知美國政府在全球變暖這個問題上什么也沒做，因此選B。

2.細節(jié)事實題。文章第三段中提到“UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.”到目前為止，美國公司還沒有捕捉獲碳排放的動力。可知B選項“公司在采用新技術方面沒有很強的積極性。”因此B選項符合題意。A選項“現(xiàn)有的技術只能處理大規(guī)模的碳排放”；C選項“政府對使用煤炭和石油的政策是產生相反的效果”；D選項“公司不愿意卷入政治問題”。

3.推理判斷題。文章最后一段的大意為：現(xiàn)在是美國政府為碳排放定價的時候了，使投資于技術使碳排放減少的公用事業(yè)將看到他們的努力得到回報。這一舉措不僅會降低全球變暖帶來的風險，而且對恢復美國的環(huán)保信譽也有很大幫助。因此A選項“政府應該征收碳排放，以鼓勵公司采用新技術。”符合題意。

17.問答題

Anotherbenefitofthestudyofhistoryisthebroadrangeofhumanexperiencewhichis

A

covered.Warandpeacearecertainlycoveredlikearenationalandinternationalaffairs.However,

B

mattersofculture(art,literature,andmusic)arealsoincludedinhistoricalstudy.Humannatureisanimportantpartofhistory:emotionslikepassion,greed,andinsecurityhaveinfluencedtheshapingofworldaffairs.Anyonewhothinksthatthestudyofhistoryisboringhasnotreally

C

D

studiedhistory.

【答案】試題答案：B;as

【解析】考查連詞倒裝。由系動詞are被提到主語之前，可知此處用連詞as（如何……一樣）構成倒裝。

18.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.

Winnershavedifferentpotentials.Achievementisnotthemostimportantthing.Authenticityis.Theauthenticpersonexperiencestherealityofhimselfbyknowinghimself,beinghimself,andbecomingacredible,responsiveperson.Heactualizeshisownunprecedenteduniqueness,andappreciatestheuniquenessofothers.

Globalvaluechains,orGVCs,arenotanewphenomenon,buttheyhaveexpandedanddeepenedsignificantlyinrecentyears,offeringgreateropportunitiesfordevelopingcountriestointegrateintotheglobaleconomyatlowercosts.Improvementsincommunicationtechnologyanddecliningtransportationcostsworldwidehavemadeiteasierto“unbundle”tasksinternationally.

【答案】勝利者具備不同的潛力，成就不是最重要的方面，而是真誠。真誠的人了解自我，保持自我，從而體驗到真實的自我，成為一個可信、感性的人。他實現(xiàn)了自己前所未有的特性，并贊賞他人的獨特之處。

全球價值鏈，簡稱GVC，并不是一種新現(xiàn)象，但是，近年來，它們已大大擴大和深化，為發(fā)展中國家以更低的成本融入全球經濟提供了更多的機會。全球通信技術的進步和運輸成本的下降使國際上更容易“分解”各項任務。

19.單選題

AnneWhitney,asophomore（大學二年級學生）atColoradoStateUniversity,firsthadaproblemtakingtestswhenshebegancollege.“Iwasalwayswellpreparedformytests.SometimesIstudiedforweeksbeforeatest.YetIwouldgointotakethetest,onlytofindIcouldnotanswerthequestionscorrectly.Iwouldblankoutbecauseofnervousnessandfear.Icouldn’tthinkoftheanswer.MylowgradesonthetestsdidnotshowwhatIknewtothetea