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PassageThirty-twopeoplewatchedkittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.Shewastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Wasthisingunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?Notso,sayscientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethereasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwostepsbeforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddle-agedmanfalltotheside-walk.Ishehavingaheartattack?Isheinacoma(昏迷)fromdiabetes(糖尿病)?Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakintheairconditioning?Isitsteampipes?Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It'snotalwayseasytotellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportant,thepersonfacedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemusthelp,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotdependsonhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobetested.Somecamealone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.Thereceptioniststartedthemoffonthetests.Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtaindividedthetestingroomandtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentsheardascream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandacryforhelp.Allofthishadbeenpre-recordedonatape-recorder.Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedtohelp.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutoftenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroups,nonehelped.Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatotherswillact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeoplebotheredbysituationswherepeopleareintrouble?Yes.Scientistsfoundthatthepeoplewereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfelttheotherperson'strouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbytheactionsofthosetheywerewith.1.Thepurposeofthispassageis.A)toexplainwhypeoplefailtoactinemergenciesB)toexplainwhenpeoplewilactinemergenciesC)toexplainwhatpeoplewilldoinemergenciesD)toexplainhowpeoplefeelinemergencies2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,hemustbeclearthatthereisarealemergency.B)Whenapersontriestohelpothers,heshouldknowwhetherheyareworthhishelp.C)Apersonmusttakethefullresponsibilityforthesafetyofthoseinemergenciesifhewantstohelp.D)Apersonwithaheartattackneedsthemost.3.Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeoplewillactinemergencieswhen.A)theyareinpairsB)theyareingroupsC)theyarealoneD)theyarewiththeirfriends4.Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.A)theyareafraidofemergenciesB)theyarereluctanttogetthemselvesinvolvedC)otherswillactiftheythemselveshesitateD)theydonothaveanydirectresponsibilityforthosewhoneedhelp5.Theauthorsuggeststhat.A)weshouldn'tblameapersonifhefailstoactinemer