新疆的宗教信仰自由狀況FreedomofReligiousBeliefinXinjiang中華人民共和國國務院新聞辦公室TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople’sRepublicofChina2016年6月June2016目錄Contents前言Foreword一、新疆的宗教歷史I.HistoryofReligionsinXinjiang二、保障公民宗教信仰自由權利II.ProtectingCitizens’FreedomofReligiousBelief三、滿足信教公民正常宗教需求III.SatisfyingBelievers’NormalReligiousRequirements四、依法管理宗教事務IV.ManagingReligiousAffairsinAccordancewiththeLaw五、開展宗教對外交流V.InternationalReligiousExchanges六、防范和打擊宗教極端VI.PreventingandCombatingReligiousExtremism七、發揮宗教界的積極作用VII.ActiveRoleofReligiousCircles結束語Conclusion前言Foreword新疆維吾爾自治區（簡稱新疆）地處中國西北，千百年來，這里就是一個多民族聚居、多宗教并存的地區。目前，新疆主要有伊斯蘭教、佛教、基督教、天主教和道教等。TheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion(Xinjiangforshort)islocatedinnorthwestChina.Forthousandsofyearsithasbeenamulti-ethnicregionofmultiplereligions.Atpresent,themajorreligionsinXinjiangareIslam,Buddhism,Protestantism,CatholicismandTaoism.歷史上，新疆的宗教關系十分復雜。新中國成立以前，不同宗教之間、同一宗教的不同教派之間發生過多次沖突，甚至在局部地區爆發了長達數十年的宗教戰爭和數百年的教派紛爭。宗教戰爭和沖突，不僅對經濟社會造成嚴重破壞，也給人民帶來深重災難，使人們失去信仰自由。Historically,religiousrelationsinXinjiangwereverycomplicated.BeforethePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949manyconflictshadoccurredbetweendifferentreligionsordifferentsectsofthesamereligion;someareasevenexperienceddecadesofreligiouswarsandcenturiesofsectarianstrife.Religiouswarsandconflictsnotonlycausedseriousdamagetotheeconomyandsociety,butalsobroughtgravedisasterstothepeople.Asaresult,peoplelostfreedomoffaith.1949年新中國成立后，新疆各族人民真正獲得了宗教信仰自由的權利。中央政府和新疆地方各級政府全面落實民族區域自治制度，貫徹實施宗教信仰自由政策，不斷完善宗教事務管理法律法規，新疆各宗教迎來了和諧共處的歷史新階段。AfterthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded,peopleofallethnicgroupsinXinjianggainedthefreedomofreligiousbelief.ThecentralgovernmentandlocalgovernmentsatalllevelsofXinjianghavefullyimplementedthesystemofregionalethnicautonomyandthepolicyonthefreedomofreligiousbelief,andconstantlyimprovedlawsandregulationsontheadministrationofreligiousaffairs.AllreligionsinXinjianghavethusreachedanewhistoricalstageatwhichtheycoexistinharmony.為了讓國際社會了解新疆宗教信仰自由的真實狀況，這里作些介紹和說明。ToletthepeoplesoftherestoftheworldknowtherealsituationofreligiousfreedominXinjiang,thispaperherebymakesabriefintroductionandexplanation.一、新疆的宗教歷史I.HistoryofReligionsinXinjiang新疆的宗教發展演變是一個長期的歷史過程。不晚于新石器時期，新疆遠古居民就產生了原始宗教觀念。公元前4世紀起，祆教（即瑣羅亞斯德教）、佛教等相繼傳入新疆，逐步形成了多種宗教并存的格局，并延續至今。TheevolutionofreligionsinXinjiangwasalonghistoricalprocess.TheancientresidentsofXinjiangdevelopedprimitivereligiousideasasearlyasintheNeolithicPeriod.FromthefourthcenturyBC,Zoroastrianism,BuddhismandsomeotherfaithswereintroducedintoXinjiangoneafteranother.Graduallytherecameintobeingapatternwhereinavarietyofreligionscoexisted,whichcontinuestoday.新疆的宗教發展演變，大致經歷了四個階段，即原始宗教階段、佛教為主要宗教的多種宗教并存的形成階段、伊斯蘭教與佛教并立為主要宗教的多種宗教并存的演變階段、伊斯蘭教為主要宗教的多種宗教并存的發展階段。TheevolutionofreligionsinXinjiangwentthroughfourstages:thestageofprimitivereligion,theformationstageforthecoexistenceofavarietyofreligionswithBuddhismasthemajorone,theevolutionstageforthecoexistenceofmanyreligionswithIslamandBuddhismasthetwomajorones,andthedevelopmentstageforthecoexistenceofavarietyofreligionswithIslamasthemajorone.公元前4世紀以前，新疆流行的是原始宗教。至今新疆許多民族都還程度不同地保留著原始宗教的觀念及遺俗。此后，祆教經中亞傳入新疆。約公元前1世紀佛教傳入新疆后，逐漸形成了以佛教為主要宗教的多種宗教并存格局。4世紀至10世紀，祆教流行于新疆各地，吐魯番地區尤為盛行，當時的高昌地方政權為此專門設置了管理機構。這一時期，佛教進入鼎盛階段，塔里木盆地周緣各綠洲佛寺林立，僧尼眾多，形成了于闐、疏勒、龜茲、高昌等著名佛教中心。道教于5世紀前后傳入新疆，主要盛行于吐魯番、哈密等地，至清代傳播至新疆大部分地區。摩尼教和景教（基督教聶斯脫利派）于6世紀相繼傳入新疆。9世紀中葉，信奉摩尼教的回鶻人進入吐魯番地區，建造寺院，開鑿洞窟，翻譯經典，繪制壁畫。10世紀至14世紀，景教隨著許多地方回鶻等民族改信而興盛，當時的疏勒、葉爾羌、于闐、輪臺、高昌、哈密、阿力麻里（今霍城縣境內）等地都是傳教區。BeforethefourthcenturyBCprimitivereligionwaspracticedinXinjiang.ManyethnicgroupsofXinjiangstillretainsomeconceptsandpracticesofprimitivereligiontodifferentdegrees.Later,ZoroastrianismwasintroducedintoXinjiangviaCentralAsia.AroundthefirstcenturyBCBuddhismwasintroducedintoXinjiang,andgraduallyapatterncameintobeingwhereinmanyreligionscoexistedwithBuddhismasthemajorone.Fromthefourthtothe10thcenturyZoroastrianismbecameprevalentthroughoutXinjiang,particularlyintheTurpanarea.Forthis,thelocalauthoritiesofGaochangsetupaspecialadministrativeagency.DuringthissameperiodBuddhismreacheditspeak.InoasesontheperipheryoftheTarimBasinBuddhisttemplesaroseingreatnumbers,withamultitudeofmonksandnuns.Khotan,Kashgar(Shule),Kucha(Qiuci),GaochangandotherfamousBuddhistcenterstookshape.TaoismwasintroducedintoXinjiangaroundthefifthcentury,becomingprevalentmainlyinTurpanandKumul(Hami).ItspreadtomostpartsofXinjiangintheQingDynasty(1644-1911).ManichaeismandNestorianismwereintroducedintoXinjiangoneaftertheotherinthesixthcentury.Inthemiddleoftheninthcentury,theHuihupeople,whobelievedinManichaeism,enteredtheTurpanarea,wheretheybuilttemples,dugcaves,translatedscripturesandpaintedfrescoes.Fromthe10thtothe14thcentury,NestorianismflourishedastheHuihupeopleandsomeotherethnicpeoplesconvertedtoitinmanypartsofXinjiang.AtthattimeNestorianismwaspreachedinKashgar,Yarkant,Khotan,Bugur(Luntai),Gaochang,Hami,Almaliq(nowinHuochengCounty),andafewotherplaces.9世紀末10世紀初，伊斯蘭教傳入新疆南部，新疆原有宗教格局再次發生變化。喀喇汗王朝接受伊斯蘭教后，于10世紀中葉向信仰佛教的于闐王國發動了40余年的宗教戰爭，11世紀初攻滅于闐，將伊斯蘭教強制推行到這一地區。由此形成了南疆以伊斯蘭教為主、北疆以佛教為主，伊斯蘭教與佛教并立的格局。這一階段早期，祆教、景教、摩尼教等宗教亦比較盛行。但隨著伊斯蘭教的不斷傳播，這些宗教日趨衰落。Inthelateninthandearly10thcenturies,IslamwasintroducedintosouthernXinjiang,changingthereligiouspatternofXinjiangagain.AftertheKara-KhanidKhanateacceptedIslam,inthemid-10thcenturyitlaunchedareligiouswaragainsttheBuddhistKingdomofKhotan,whichlastedmorethan40years.Intheearly11thcenturytheKara-KhanidKhanateconqueredKhotanandimposedIslaminthatregion.Thereafter,IslamdominatedsouthernXinjiangwhileBuddhismdominatednorthernXinjiang,thetwocoexisting.IntheearlyperiodofthisstageZoroastrianism,NestorianismandManichaeismwerealsoverypopular.ButwiththespreadofIslam,thesereligionsgraduallydeclined.14世紀中葉東察合臺汗國時期，統治者以戰爭等強制手段，將伊斯蘭教逐漸推行到塔里木盆地北緣、吐魯番盆地和哈密一帶。至16世紀初，新疆形成了以伊斯蘭教為主要宗教、多種宗教并存的格局，原來當地居民信仰的祆教、摩尼教、景教等逐漸消失，佛教、道教仍然存在。17世紀初，衛拉特蒙古人接受了藏傳佛教。約自18世紀始，基督教、天主教、東正教相繼傳入新疆。新疆以伊斯蘭教為主要宗教、多種宗教并存的格局延續至今。TherulersoftheEasternChagataiKhanateinthemid-14thcenturyspreadIslamtothenorthernedgeoftheTarimBasin,TurpanBasinandHamiareabywarlikeandothercompulsorymeans.Bytheearly16thcenturymanyreligionscoexistedinXinjiang,withIslamasthepredominantone.Zoroastrianism,ManichaeismandNestorianismgraduallydisappeared,althoughBuddhismandTaoismclungon.Intheearly17thcenturytheOiratMongolsacceptedTibetanBuddhism.Beginninginthe18thcentury,Protestantism,CatholicismandtheEasternOrthodoxChurchwereintroducedintoXinjiangonebyone.Apatternfeaturingcoexistenceofmultiplereligions,withIslamastheprincipalone,continuestodayinXinjiang.新疆的宗教歷史表明：一教或兩教為主、多教并存是新疆宗教歷史的基本特點，交融共存是新疆宗教關系的主流；宗教必須與其所處時代和人文環境相適應，實現本土化，才能得以延續；不同宗教間的戰爭和同一宗教不同教派的紛爭，致使人們沒有自由選擇宗教信仰的權利。ThereligioushistoryofXinjiangshowsthatcoexistenceofmultiplereligionswithoneortwodominantwasabasiccharacteristic,andblendingandcoexistencemadeupthemainstreamreligiousrelationshipsofXinjiang.Areligionshouldadaptitselftothetimesandhumanenvironment,andachievelocalization,sothatitcancontinue.Historyshowsthatwarsbetweendifferentreligionsanddisputesbetweendifferentsectsofthesamereligiondeprivepeopleofthefreechoiceofreligion.二、保障公民宗教信仰自由權利II.ProtectingCitizens’FreedomofReligiousBelief尊重和保護宗教信仰自由是中國政府一項長期的基本國策。《中華人民共和國憲法》明確規定：“中華人民共和國公民有宗教信仰自由”“任何國家機關、社會團體和個人不得強制公民信仰宗教或者不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民和不信仰宗教的公民”“國家保護正常的宗教活動。任何人不得利用宗教進行破壞社會秩序、損害公民身體健康、妨礙國家教育制度的活動”。Respectforandprotectionoffreedomofreligiousbeliefisalong-termbasicnationalpolicyoftheChinesegovernment.TheConstitutionofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaclearlystipulates:“CitizensofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaenjoyfreedomofreligiousbelief.”“Nostateorgan,publicorganizationorindividualmaycompelcitizenstobelievein,ornotbelievein,anyreligion;normaytheydiscriminateagainstcitizenswhobelievein,ordonotbelievein,anyreligion.”“Thestateprotectsnormalreligiousactivities.Noonemaymakeuseofreligiontoengageinactivitiesthatdisruptpublicorder,impairthehealthofcitizensorinterferewiththeeducationalsystemofthestate.”中華人民共和國國務院頒布的《宗教事務條例》和新疆制定的《新疆維吾爾自治區宗教事務條例》，體現了“公民有宗教信仰自由”“國家保護正常的宗教活動”的憲法精神，信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，完全由公民自主選擇，任何組織和個人不得強制公民信仰宗教或不信仰宗教，不得歧視信仰宗教的公民或不信仰宗教的公民。沒有公民因信仰宗教或不信仰宗教而受到歧視和不公正待遇。新疆的相關法規規章，對宗教團體、宗教活動場所、宗教教職人員、宗教活動、宗教財產等作出了規定。公民宗教信仰自由權利與公民義務相統一，公民無論是否信仰宗教，都必須履行憲法和法律規定的義務。侵犯公民宗教信仰自由權利要承擔相應的法律責任。TheRegulationsonReligiousAffairspromulgatedbytheStateCouncilofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,andtheRegulationsofXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegiononReligiousAffairspromulgatedbythelocalgovernmentofXinjiangbothreflecttheaboveprinciplesoftheConstitutionthat“citizensenjoyfreedomofreligiousbelief”andthat“thestateprotectsnormalreligiousactivities.”Itisacompletelyindependentchoiceofcitizenstobelievein,ornotbelievein,anyreligion.Noorganizationorindividualmaycompelcitizenstobelievein,ornotbelievein,anyreligion;normaytheydiscriminateagainstcitizenswhobelievein,ordonotbelievein,anyreligion.Nocitizensuffersdiscriminationorunfairtreatmentforbelievingin,ornotbelievingin,anyreligion.RelevantrulesandregulationsofXinjiangalsohaveprovisionsonreligiousgroups,venuesforreligiousactivities,clericalpersonnel,religiousactivities,religiouspropertyandrelatedmatters.Citizens’freedomofreligiousbeliefandtheirobligationsareunified;citizenswhobelieveinordonotbelieveinanyreligionmustfulfilltheobligationsprescribedbytheConstitutionandthelaw.Anyonewhoinfringesuponcitizens’freedomofreligiousbeliefshallbearthecorrespondinglegalliability.法律保護正常的宗教活動。公民在宗教活動場所內以及按照宗教習慣在自己家里進行的一切正常的宗教活動，如禮拜、封齋、拜佛、祈禱、講經、講道、誦經、燒香、彌撒、受洗、受戒、終傅、追思、過宗教節日等，都由宗教團體和公民自理，受法律保護，任何組織和個人不得加以干涉。為保障順利完成朝覲功課，新疆實行有組織、有計劃的朝覲政策。自1996年以來，每年安排包機組織信教群眾前往沙特阿拉伯麥加朝覲，政府對朝覲人員的醫療、翻譯等給予資助，并做好隨團服務保障，確保朝覲活動安全有序。Thelawprotectsnormalreligiousactivities.Allnormalreligiousactivities,includingattendingreligiousservices,fasting,worshipingBuddha,praying,preaching,recitingscriptures,burningincense,attendingMass,beingbaptizedorordained,observingextremeunction,holdingmemorialceremonies,andcelebratingreligiousfestivals,thatbelieversconductatvenuesforreligiousactivitiesorintheirownhomesinaccordancewithcustomaryreligiouspractices,areexclusiveaffairsofreligiousgroupsandthebelieversthemselves.Theseactivitiesareprotectedbylaw,andnoorganizationorindividualmayinterferewiththem.ToensuresuccessfulpilgrimagesforbelieversinIslam,Xinjiangadoptsapolicyoforganizedandplannedpilgrimages.Since1996theXinjianggovernmenthasarrangedcharterflightseveryyeartotakebelieversinIslamtoMeccainSaudiArabia.TheXinjianggovernmentfundsmedicalcareandinterpretationforpilgrims,andoffersotherservicestoensuresafeandorderlypilgrimages.充分尊重信教公民的宗教感情、信仰需求。齋月期間，清真餐館歇業或開業完全由業主自行決定，不受干涉。有吃齋飯傳統的清真寺和一些信教公民免費為封齋者提供開齋飯。各地加強服務保障，確保齋月期間各項宗教活動有序進行。2015年7月3日正值齋月，和田地區發生6.5級地震，政府在積極做好救援安置工作的同時，及時搭建臨時宗教活動場所，保障災區信教公民禮拜、封齋等正常宗教生活。17日晚（開齋節前夜），新疆主要領導與伊斯蘭教界人士、各族穆斯林群眾代表共進開齋飯，共迎開齋節，受到社會各界廣泛關注和好評。Citizens’religiousfeelingsandneedsarefullyrespected.DuringtheholyIslamicmonthofRamadanwhethertocloseoropenhalal(Muslimfood)restaurantsiscompletelydeterminedbytheownersthemselveswithoutinterference.Therearemosqueswithatraditionofhavingiftar(theeveningmealwhenMuslimsendtheirdailyRamadanfastatsunset)andanumberofreligiousbelieversprovidefreeiftartofastingpeople.LocalgovernmentsensurethatallreligiousactivitiesduringRamadangooninanorderlymanner.OnJuly3,2015,duringRamadan,a6.5-magnitudeearthquakeoccurredinHotanPrefecture.Thegovernmentcarriedoutrescueworkwhileatthesametimepromptlysettinguptemporarysitestoensureprayer,fastingandothernormalreligiouslifeforreligiousbelieversinthedisaster-hitareas.OntheeveningofJuly17(theeveofEidal-Fitr,festivalofbreakingofthefast),principalPartyandgovernmentleadersofXinjianghadiftarwithIslamicpersonagesandMuslimrepresentativesofallethnicgroupstowelcomeEidal-Fitr,attractingwideattentionandpraisefromallsectorsofsociety.信教公民的習俗得到充分尊重。《中華人民共和國民族區域自治法》《中華人民共和國刑法》《中華人民共和國民法通則》《中華人民共和國教育法》《中華人民共和國勞動法》《中華人民共和國廣告法》和《新疆維吾爾自治區清真食品管理條例》《新疆維吾爾自治區民族團結進步工作條例》等一系列法律法規，對保護信教公民習俗作出了具體規定，如清真食品的生產、加工、儲運和銷售，特需食品供應，清真飯館、清真食堂開設等。各族人民在春節、古爾邦節、肉孜節等重大傳統節日，都能享受到法定的節日假期和特需食品的供應。為有土葬習俗的少數民族劃撥公墓專用土地。對帶有宗教色彩的傳統習俗，如起名、站禮、送葬、過乃孜爾等，予以尊重。Thecustomsofreligiousbelieversarefullyrespected.Statelaws,includingtheLawonRegionalEthnicAutonomy,CriminalLaw,GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw,EducationLaw,LaborLaw,andAdvertisingLaw,andlocalregulations,includingtheRegulationsoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegiononAdministrationofMuslimFoodandtheRegulationsofXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionontheWorkofEthnicUnityandProgresscontainspecificprovisionsontheprotectionofreligiouscustoms,includingproduction,processing,storage,distributionandsellingofhalalfood,supplyofspecialfood,settingupofhalalrestaurantsandhalalcanteens.DuringtheSpringFestival,Eidal-Adha(CorbanFestival),Eidal-Fitrandothermajortraditionalfestivals,allethnicgroupscanenjoystatutoryholidaysandbesuppliedwithspecialfoodstuffs.Specialcemeteryareasareallocatedforsomeethnic-minoritygroupswhotraditionallyburytheirdeadintheground.Traditionalpracticesofareligiousnature,suchasnamingachild,funeralpray,burial,andholdingNazer(memorialactivities),arerespected.宗教文化遺產得到有效保護。新疆現有喀什艾提尕爾清真寺、昭蘇圣佑廟、克孜爾千佛洞等109處宗教文化古跡被列入自治區級以上文物保護單位，其中，全國重點文物保護單位46處，自治區級文物保護單位63處。中央政府撥專款對列入國家和新疆文物保護單位的喀什艾提尕爾清真寺、伊寧拜圖拉清真寺、和田加曼清真寺、烏魯木齊洋行清真寺和喀什香妃墓等進行修繕。新疆出資維修吐魯番蘇公塔、昭蘇圣佑廟等28所寺廟。《先知傳》《金光明經卷二》《彌勒會見記》等多部宗教類古籍被列入《國家珍貴古籍名錄》。撥專款保護和整理歷史流傳下來的《古蘭經》《穆圣傳》等古籍。涉及宗教的非物質文化遺產也得到有效保護和傳承。Religiousandculturalheritagesareeffectivelyprotected.Atotalof109religiousandculturalsitesinXinjiang,includingIdKahMosqueinKashgar,ShengyouLamaseryinZhaosuandtheKizilGrottoes,havebeendesignatedasculturalrelicssitesundertheprotectionoftheautonomousregionandthestate.Amongthe109sites,46arekeyculturalrelicssitesundertheprotectionofthestate,and63areundertheprotectionoftheautonomousregion.Thecentralgovernmenthasallocatedspecialfundstorenovateculturalrelicprotectionsitesatthestateandautonomous-regionlevels,includingtheIdKahMosqueinKashgar,BaytullaMosqueinYining,JiamanMosqueinHotan,YanghangMosqueinUrumqiandtheTomboftheFragrantImperialConcubine(ApakHojaMazzar)inKashgar.TheXinjianggovernmenthasfundedtherenovationandrepairof28temples,includingSulayman’sMinaretinTurpanandShengyouLamaseryinZhaosu.Manyancientreligiousbooks,includingtheBiographyoftheProphet(Qissasulanbiya),VolumeIIoftheGoldenLightSutra(SuvaraprabhasaSutra),andMaitrisimitNomBitig,havebeenincludedintheCatalogofNationalRareBooksofChina.Specialfundshavebeenallocatedtoprotectandeditsomebooks,suchastheKoranandTheProphetMuhammad:ABiography,whichhavebeenpasseddownfromhistory.Intangibleculturalheritageitemsrelatingtoreligionarealsoundereffectiveprotectionandinheritance.保障宗教界參政議政權利。各級人民代表大會和政治協商會議對宗教信仰自由政策和法律法規的貫徹執行情況實施監督檢查。在各級人民代表大會、政治協商會議中，新疆宗教界有1436人擔任代表、委員，通過人民代表大會、政治協商會議，履行參政議政權利，就政府相關工作特別是宗教方面的工作提出意見、建議或議案、提案。Religiouspersonages’righttoparticipateinthedeliberationandadministrationofstateaffairsisprotected.People’scongressesandcommitteesoftheChinesePeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC)atalllevelssuperviseandinspecttheimplementationofthepolicyofreligiousfreedomandtheenforcementofpertinentlawsandregulations.Amongpeople’scongressesandtheCPPCCcommitteesatalllevels,1,436religiousbelieversfromXinjiangserveasdeputiesandmemberstofulfilltherighttoparticipateinthedeliberationandadministrationofstateaffairsthroughthetwoorgans,raisingviewsandrecommendationsorsubmittingproposalsandmotionsongovernmentwork,especiallyreligiouswork.三、滿足信教公民正常宗教需求III.SatisfyingBelievers’NormalReligiousRequirements新疆堅持管理與服務并重的理念，在依法管理宗教事務的同時，努力滿足信教公民的正常宗教需求。TheXinjianggovernmentattachesequalimportancetoadministrationandservices.Whilelegallyadministratingreligiousaffairs,itendeavorstosatisfybelievers’normalreligiousrequirements.新疆現有清真寺、教堂、寺院、道觀等宗教活動場所2.48萬座，宗教教職人員2.93萬人。其中，清真寺2.44萬座，教職人員2.9萬名；佛教寺院59座，教職人員280名；道教宮觀1座，教職人員1名；基督教教堂（聚會點）227個，教職人員26名；天主教教堂（聚會點）26個，教職人員27名；東正教教堂（聚會點）3座，教職人員1名。有新疆伊斯蘭教經學院、新疆伊斯蘭教經文學校等宗教院校8所。宗教團體112個，其中自治區級宗教團體2個，即自治區伊斯蘭教協會、佛教協會，自治區伊斯蘭教協會還設有教務指導委員會；地、州、市伊斯蘭教協會14個，佛教協會3個，基督教三自愛國運動委員會1個；縣、市伊斯蘭教協會88個，佛教協會2個，基督教三自愛國運動委員會2個。Xinjiangnowhas24,800venuesforreligiousactivities,includingmosques,churches,lamaseriesandtemples,with29,300clericalpersonnel.Amongthese,24,400mosqueshave29,000clericalpersonnel;59Buddhisttempleshave280clericalpersonnel;oneTaoisttemplehasonecleric;227Protestantchurches(meetinggrounds)have26clericalpersonnel;26Catholicchurches(meetinggrounds)have27clericalpersonnel;andthreeOrthodoxchurches(meetinggrounds)haveonecleric.Thereareeightreligiouscolleges,includingtheXinjiangIslamicInstituteandXinjiangIslamicSchool.Therearealso112religiousorganizations,amongwhich,attheautonomousregionlevel,therearetwoorganizations,namely,anIslamicassociationwithacommitteeforIslamicaffairs,andaBuddhistassociation;atthelevelofprefecturesandprefecture-levelcitiesthereare14Islamicassociations,threeBuddhistassociationsandoneProtestantThree-selfPatrioticMovementcommittee;andatthelevelofcountyandcounty-levelcitiesthereare88Islamicassociations,twoBuddhistassociationsandtwoProtestantThree-selfPatrioticMovementcommittees.加強教職人員培養培訓。通過教職人員帶培、經文學校（班、點）學習、經學院學習等途徑，培養后備教職人員。建立和完善培訓體系，對在職教職人員進行系統培訓。開設教職人員解經骨干培訓班、宗教活動場所民主管理組織負責人培訓班等，提升宗教團體自我管理水平。自2001年始，國家宗教事務局已舉辦12期伊斯蘭教解經骨干培訓班，為新疆培訓教職人員500多人次。新疆佛教協會定期舉辦教職人員佛學知識培訓班。政府經常組織教職人員赴內地學習交流，開闊視野，提升素養。中央政府支持新疆伊斯蘭教經學院擴建校舍，改善教學環境，擴大招生規模。Thetrainingofclericalpersonnelhasbeenstrengthened.Traineeclericalpersonnelstudyunderclericalpersonnel,atscriptureschools(classesorworkshops),atcolleges,andbyothermeans.Atrainingsystemhasbeenestablishedandimprovedtoprovidesystematictrainingprogramsforin-serviceclericalpersonnel.Trainingcoursesonscriptureinterpretationorforpeopleinchargeofmanagementandorganizationofvenuesforreligiousactivitiesareruntoenhancethelevelofself-managementofreligionsorganizations.Since2001theStateAdministrationforReligiousAffairshasheld12trainingclassesonIslamicscriptureinterpretation,trainingmorethan500clericalpersonnelforXinjiang.TheXinjiangBuddhistAssociationholdsregulartrainingclassesonBuddhistknowledgeforclericalpersonnel.ThegovernmentofXinjiangregularlyorganizesclericalpersonneltogotoinlandprovincesforstudyandexchanges,soastobroadentheirhorizonandenhancetheircapabilities.ThecentralgovernmenthelpstheXinjiangIslamicInstitutetoextendbuildings,improvetheteachingconditionsandexpandenrollment.不斷拓寬獲得宗教知識的途徑。已翻譯出版發行維吾爾、漢、哈薩克、柯爾克孜等多種文字版的《古蘭經》《布哈里圣訓實錄精華》等宗教經典書籍，編輯發行《新編臥爾茲演講集》系列及《中國穆斯林》雜志，總量達176萬余冊。出版發行佛教、基督教等宗教經典。僅2014年至2015年，新疆發行的民族文字版的伊斯蘭教類出版物43種100萬余冊，其中新版維吾爾文《古蘭經》23萬余冊、《伊斯蘭教基礎知識讀本》2.9萬余冊。中國伊斯蘭教協會網站專門開設維吾爾語網頁。新疆伊斯蘭教協會成立《新疆穆斯林》雜志社，創辦維吾爾、漢、哈薩克三種文字版雜志，免費發放給清真寺和教職人員；開辦維吾爾、漢兩種文字版的“新疆穆斯林網”網站。宗教團體舉辦信教公民宗教知識、禮儀培訓班。Channelsforbelieverstogainreligiousknowledgehavebeenexpanded.Religiousclassicsandbookshavebeentranslatedandpublished,includingtheKoranandSelectionsfromAl-SahihMuhammadIbn-Ismailal-Bukhari,intheUygur,HanChinese,KazakandKirgizlanguages.TheNewCollectionofWaez’sSpeechesseriesandthemagazineChina’sMuslimsarecompiledandpublished,withatotalcirculationofover1.76million.ReligiousclassicsonBuddhismandChristianityarepublishedanddistributed.From2014to2015,Xinjianghasdistributed43Islamicpublicationsindifferentlanguagesofminorityethnicgroups,totalingoveronemillioncopies,includingover230,000copiesofnewKoranandover29,000copiesofBasicKnowledgeofIslam,bothintheUygurlanguage.TheChinaIslamicAssociationprovidesaUygur-languageversionofitswebsite.TheXinjiangIslamicAssociationpublishesthemagazineXinjiangMuslimsintheUygur,HanChineseandKazaklanguages,providingfreecopiestomosquesandclericalpersonnel.Ithasalsoopenedthe“XinjiangMuslims”websiteintheUygurandHanChineselanguages.Religiousorganizationsholdtrainingclassesonreligiousknowledgeandetiquetteforbelievers.四、依法管理宗教事務IV.ManagingReligiousAffairsinAccordancewiththeLaw新疆依照法律法規，按照“保護合法、制止非法、遏制極端、抵御滲透、打擊犯罪”的原則，對宗教事務進行管理，保護宗教信仰自由，保障正常宗教活動有序進行。Inaccordancewithlawsandregulationsandtheprincipleof“protectingthelegal,stoppingtheillegal,containingtheextreme,resistinginfiltration,andcombatingcrimes,”Xinjiangmanagesreligiousaffairs,protectspeople’sfreedomofreligiousbelief,andensuresthatnormalreligiousactivitiesproceedinanorderlyway.新疆先后頒布和修訂《新疆維吾爾自治區宗教活動場所管理暫行規則》《新疆維吾爾自治區宗教活動管理暫行規定》《新疆維吾爾自治區宗教教職人員管理暫行規定》《新疆維吾爾自治區宗教事務條例》等法規規章，明確了宗教團體、宗教活動場所、宗教教職人員的權利和義務。新疆還將不斷完善宗教事務管理法規規章，進一步提高宗教工作法治化水平。Xinjianghaspromulgatedandamendedaseriesofregulations,includingtheProvisionalRegulationsoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionontheAdministrationofSitesforReligiousActivities,theProvisionalRegulationsoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionontheAdministrationofReligiousActivities,theProvisionalRegulationsoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionontheAdministrationofReligiousPersonnelandtheRegulationsoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegiononReligiousAffairs,whichdefinetherightsandobligationsofreligiousorganizations,venuesforreligiousactivitiesandreligiouspersonnel.Xinjiangwillfurtherimproveitsrulesandregulationsontheadministrationofreligiousaffairsandtheruleoflawinitsworkinthisregard.宗教活動場所的管理。在新疆，宗教活動場所依法向政府履行登記手續，一經登記，便獲得合法地位。政府頒發《土地使用證》《房屋產權證》《宗教活動場所登記證》。宗教活動場所享有成立民主管理組織、管理內部事務、組織開展宗教活動、接受捐贈、管理使用財產、依法興辦社會公益事業等權利。宗教活動場所的合法權益受法律保護，任何組織和個人不得侵犯和干預。進入宗教活動場所的組織和個人，必須遵守宗教活動場所管理制度，尊重宗教教職人員和信教公民。通過宗教活動場所的依法管理和信教公民的自我管理，保證宗教活動場所活動安全有序、管理規范、環境整潔。Administratevenuesforreligiousactivities.VenuesforreligiousactivitiesinXinjianghavetogothroughgovernmentregistrationformalitiesinaccordancewiththelawbeforetheygetlegalstatus.Thegovernmentissuestheland-usecertificate,housing-ownershipcertificateandregistrationcertificateforeachsuchvenue.Thevenuesenjoytherighttoestablishdemocraticmanagementorganizations,managetheirinternalaffairs,organizeandconductreligiousactivities,receivedonations,manageanduseproperty,andinitiatepublicwelfareprograms.Thelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthevenuesareprotectedbylaw,andnoinfringementorinterventionbyanyorganizationorindividualisallowed.Anyonethatentersthevenuesmustfollowtheadministrationregulationsandrespectthereligiouspersonnelandbelievers.Throughtheadministrationofthevenuesinaccordancewiththelawandtheself-managementofreligiousbelievers,activitiesinthevenuesareheldinasafeandorderlyway,andthevenuesareproperlymanagedandenjoyacleanenvironment.宗教活動的管理。在新疆，正常宗教活動受法律保護，信教公民的集體宗教活動必須在依法登記的宗教活動場所內進行。宗教活動應當遵守社會秩序、工作秩序、生活秩序和公共場所的相關規定。宗教團體負責協調解決宗教內部事務，政府不予干涉。Administratereligiousactivities.NormalreligiousactivitiesinXinjiangareprotectedbylaw.Itisrequiredthatgroupactivitiesofreligiousbelieversbecarriedoutinlawfullyregisteredvenues.Religiousactivitiesmustcomplywiththeregularorderofsociety,workandlife,aswellastheregulationsgoverningpublicplaces.Religiousorganizationsareresponsibleforcoordinatinginternalreligiousaffairs,andthegovernmentshouldnotinterfere.宗教教職人員的管理。在新疆，依照法律法規和宗教傳統，教職人員享有主持宗教活動、宗教儀式等權利，可以接受社會和個人的捐贈。除宗教團體外，其他任何組織或者個人不得委派、指定、聘任或者撤換教職人員。教職人員必須履行公民義務，維護國家統一、民族團結和社會穩定。Administrateclericalpersonnel.Inaccordancewithlaws,regulationsandreligioustraditions,clericalpersonnelinXinjiangenjoytherighttopresideoverreligiousactivitiesandceremonies,andmayreceivesocialandindividualdonations.Noorganizationorindividualotherthanareligiousgroupisallowedtoappoint,designate,employ,dismissorreplacereligiouspersonnel.Clericalpersonnelmustfulfilltheircivicobligations,andupholdnationalunification,ethnicunityandsocialstability.規范行政管理部門的行政行為。在新疆，縣級以上政府宗教事務部門依法對本行政區域內宗教事務進行管理，其他行政管理部門在各自法定職責范圍內負責與宗教事務有關的行政管理工作。國家有關部門和新疆通過舉辦培訓班等方式，提高宗教事務部門工作人員依法管理宗教事務的能力和水平。對侵犯宗教團體、宗教活動場所、教職人員和信教公民合法權益的，承擔相應的法律責任；構成犯罪的，追究刑事責任。各級人民代表大會常務委員會對宗教事務依法管理情況進行監督。Regulateactivitiesofadministrativedepartments.InXinjiang,religiousaffairsdepartmentsatthecountylevelorabovemanagethereligiousaffairsoftheirrespectiveadministrativeregionsinaccordancewiththelaw,andotheradministrativedepartmentsareinchargeofadministrativeworkrelatedtoreligiousaffairswithintheirrespectivestatutoryduties.RelevantdepartmentsofthestateandlocalgovernmentinXinjiangprovidetrainingsessionsforfunctionariesofreligiousaffairsdepartmentstoimprovetheircapabilitiesinadministratingreligiousaffairs.Thosewhohaveviolatedthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofreligiousorganizations,venuesforreligiousactivitiesorclericalpersonnelorbelieverswillbearduelegalresponsibilities,andthosewhohavecommittedcrimeswillbeheldcriminallyresponsible.Standingcommitteesofthepeople’scongressesatalllevelssupervisetheadministrationofreligiousaffairsinaccorda