英語語言學考研試題精品考研試題四英語語言學考研試題精品考研試題四英語語言學考研試題精品考研試題四英語語言學考研試題精品考研試題四編制僅供參考審核批準生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:江蘇大學2004年考研試題I.Multiplechoice(10%)

1.____________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.

a.Chomsky

b.Saussure

c.Bloomfield

d.JohnLyons

2.Theminimalindependentunitoflanguageis_________.

a.phoneme

b.wordc.morpheme

d.affix

3.____________isnotanEnglishconsonant.

a.Labio-dentalplosive

b.Alveolarnasal

c.velarstopd.Dentalfricative

4.__________isnotadistinctivefeatureinEnglishphonology.

a.Nasalityb.Voicing

c.Aspiration

d.rounding

5.Thechoiceofanallophoneinagivenphoneticcontextis______.

a.random

b.predictable

c.variable

d.independent

6.Siteandsightare____________.

a.orthographyb.homography

c.homophony

d.hyponymy

7.Kodakisa(n)____________.

a.coinageb.blendingc.acronym

d.clipping

8.____________isaphenomenonthatinsomespeechcommunitiestwovarietiesofalanguageexistsidesbyside,witheachhavingadifferentroletoplay.

a.Bilingualism

b.Diglossia

c.Pidgind.Creole

9.TheIndirectSpeechActwasdevelopedby__________.

a.JohnAustin

b.Levinson

c.JohnLyons

d.JohnSearle.

10.Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshis_________.

a.registerb.linguisticrepertoire

c.idiolectd.dialect

II.

Definethefollowingterms(30%)

1.arbitrariness2.evocative

3.competence4.mannersofarticulation

5.distinctivefeatures

6.stem

7.idiom

8.endocentric

9.hyponymy

10.soundwriting

11.acronym12.ideolect

language14.illocutionaryactauthority

III.Justifythefollowingclaimsorstatements.(20%)

1Theviolationofoneormoreoftheconversationalmaxims(oftheCPPrinciple)can,whenthelistenerfullyunderstandsthespeaker,createconversationalimplicature,ahumorsometimes.

2

Dualityandculturaltransmissionaretwomostimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage.

3.Chomsky's'competence'and'performance'aresimilarinmeaningtoSaussure's'langue'and'parole'.

IV.Makeyourcriticalremarksonthefollowing:(20％):

1It'sabitcoldinhere.

2JohnmarriedFred'ssister

3Hedrankanotherglassofbeer

4Thelecturercontinuedspeaking.

5Peterhasstoppedbeatinghiswife

V.

Giveoneconcepttocoverthefollowingstatement(6%)

1)Humanlanguagecanbeusedtorefertorealorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture.

Itcanevenbeusedtotalkaboutlanguageitself.

2)Acompetentnativespeakerisabletoutteranygrammaticalsentencethathehasneversaidbeforeorunderstandanythathehasneverheardbefore.

3)Chomskybelievesthatanyonewhoknowsalanguagehasinternalizedasetofrulesaboutthesequencespermittedinhislanguage.

4)Chomskyismuchinterestedinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweenlanguagesratherthantheirdifferences.

5)Roughlyfrom1930to1960somelinguistsgavepre-eminencetotheempiricalorobservationalaspectintheirinvestigationofmeaning.

Theybelievedthemeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage.

6)Since1960's,somemodernlinguistshaveviewedtheprimaryfunctionoflanguageasthecommunicationofideasandassumedthedataneededaboutlanguagecanbesuppliedbydirectresorttointuition.

VI.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly(20%)

1.

DoyoupreferdescriptivelinguisticstoprescriptivelinguisticsGiveyourreasons.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenbroadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription

3.Howisaphonemedifferentfromaspeechsound

4.Whyisspeechpriortowriting

5.Whycan’twedoawaywithChinesecharacters

VII.Foreachoftheunderlinedconstructionsorwordgroups,dothefollowing:(8%)

a.Statewhetheritisheadedornon-headed.

b.Ifnon-headed,stateitsheadword.

c.Namethetypeofconstructions.

1.Ducksquack.

2.Isawabridgedamagedbeyondrepair.

3.Heenjoysclimbinghi