1、Learning About LanguageBuild up yourvocabulary1 Find the words from the previous pages with the following prefixes or suffixes. Then add two more words for each prefix or suffix, and explain their meanings.PrefixWordsPrefixWordsre-micro-dis-trans-remove, recycle, revive（使）復蘇discover, discount, disap

2、pearmicroscope,microwave,microbe 微生物transform, translate, transplant移栽，移植前綴釋義單詞 re-reviewreturn dis-disagree micro-microscope trans-transporttransnational跨國的；超越國界的again 再、重新、重復back 回，向后opposite of; not不、無、相反small (一般用于科技術語)微，小change 轉變；轉移across, over, beyond, 穿、越、超SuffixWordsSuffixWords-ory-ial-ion-

3、ologycontradictory, sensory, theoryinfection, intervention, conclusionsubstantial, official, commercialepidemiology, physiology, psychology后綴釋義單詞 -orysensory(感覺的；感官的)factory -ioneducation -ialbeneficial -ologysociology社會學形容詞和名詞后綴:作為形容詞主要表示“有行為特點的”，做為名詞表示相關的場所名詞后綴：表性質、狀態、程度形容詞后綴 ：屬于的,有性質的，具有的science,

4、 study科學；學問2. Make phrases by combining the words in the left box with those on the right. Then complete the sentences using these phrases.1. Many scientists _ the view that it is human activity that has caused global warming.2. He was to _ the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road

5、.subscribe suspect blame link to of forsubscribe toblame for3. The man _ being behind the robbery was seen crossing the street.4. Since heart disease is often _ our lifestyle choices, we need to make healthy living an important part of our lives.suspected oflinked tosubscribe suspect blame link to o

6、f forIt is not unusual for an athlete to be well-known while he is active, and quickly forgotten when his athletic career is over.2. Im sure shell deal with the changes very well because shes very adaptable.3. Replace the underlined parts with suitable words from the box.a household namehandleraw, a

7、 household name, substantial, statistics, handle3. He was ready to serve dinner to his friends when he realised that he had forgotten to turn on the oven and the meat was not cooked yet.4. He used his great influence to change the thinking of the scientific community on this issue.5. Scientists have

8、 collected more data than expected to prove the theory.rawsubstantialstatisticsraw, a household name, substantial, statistics, handleUK scientists believe they may have found a way to fight the common cold. It blocks a key protein in the bodys cells that is to _ for the spread of cold-causing virus.

9、 4. Read this passage about medical science. Complete it using the correct forms of the words below.blameinfection, multiple, decrease, severe, transform, proof, blame, substantialTargeting the host rather than the _ was a bit non-traditional but made sense because it was tricky to target the virus.

10、 Cold-causing virus are not only of _ kinds, they also _ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develop resistance to medicine. infectionmultipleinfection, multiple, decrease, severe, transform, proof, blame, substantialtransformResearchers are working on making a form of medicine that can be taken direc

11、tly into ones lungs, to _ the chance of side effects.Though these scientists have made _ advances in their research, further _ is needed to make sure such drugs are not so _ that they harm the body. decreaseinfection, multiple, decrease, severe, transform, proof, blame, substantialsubstantialproofse

12、vere1. Underline all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their functions.StructureOne theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. It seemed that the woman lik

13、ed the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 無詞義，不充當成分無詞義，不充當成分無詞義，不充當成分無詞義，不充當成分表語從句在句中作表語的從句稱為表語從句。表語從句和主語指同一內容，它對主語進行解釋、說明，使主語的內容具體化。e.g. The question is who broke the vase.

14、 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.表語從句由從屬連詞、連接代詞或連接副詞來引導。連接詞連詞that, whether連接代詞what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever連接副詞when, where, how, why其他連接詞as if / though, because連系動詞be, feel, seem, look, appear, sound, remain, prove可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1. 狀態系動詞：b

15、e 2. 感官系動詞：feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell 3. 持續系動詞：stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4. 變化系動詞：become ,get , grow , turn , go , come, run, fall5. 終止系動詞：prove, turn out 是起來保持變得證明是結果是表語從句要點歸納1. 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。 eg. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of

16、 pleasure.2. that引導表語從句時，在句中只起連接作用，不充當句子成分，無實際意義，一般不能省略。 eg. The trouble is that I have lost his address.3. whether引導表語從句時，起連接作用，意為“是否，空間，到底”，在句中不作任何成分。 if不能引導表語從句。 eg. The question is whether your uncle will offer help to us.4. 連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose等除在句中起連接作用外，在從句中還充當主語、賓語、表語或定語，本身具有詞義。

17、 eg. My hometown is no longer what it used to be. The problem is who we can get to replace her.5. 連接副詞where, when, why, how等除在句中起連接作用，在從句中還充當地點、時間、原因、方式狀語，本身具有詞義。 eg. The question is when they will start the project. The question is how he did it.6. That is because .指原因或理由； That is why .則指由于某種原因所造成的

18、后果。 eg. Bruce did not watch the game last night. That was because he had to help his little sister with her homework. Bob had seen the film before. That was why he did not see it yesterday.(強調原因）（強調結果）That/It is /was why 那是的原因That/It / is/ was because 那是因為 主語一般不用reasonHe was ill. Thats because he wa

19、s sent to the hospital. He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 注意：4. 使用虛擬語氣的表語從句 在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動詞需用“should+動詞原形” 表示，should 可省略。常見的詞有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.as if / though引導表語從句時，在句子中不充當任何成分，但有意義。譯為：似乎，好像。as i

20、f/as though 引導的表語從句常跟在look, seem, sound, feel等后面語氣： 若表示真實情況，用陳述語氣。 若表示非真實情況，用虛擬語氣。He looks as if he were a rich man.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.小結：1. 表語從句的構成:引導詞+簡單句2. 引導詞: 連詞：that, whether, as ,as if 連接代詞：who, what, which連接副詞：when, where, how ,why 3. 4個注意點:if 不引導表語從句主語為reason時，引

21、導詞用that語序that引導表語從句時不能省略2. Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.EXAMPLEWhat was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.1. What was Snows discovery in two pa

22、rticular streets in London? Snows discovery in two particular streets in London was that _.more than 500 people died in ten days2. What was Snow determined to find out during the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London? What Snow was determined to find out was why _ _.3. What were the exact places Snow m

23、arked on the map? The exact places Snow marked on the map were where _.the cholera outbreak was so severeall those who died had livedin the particular streets 4. What was the finding that Snow announced? Snows finding was that _.the pump water carried cholera germs3. David is talking to Maria about

24、their scientific research project. First complete Davids lines (A-E), using the words in the box. Then put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.as if, that, what, who, when, how, why, whose, which, whetherA. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was _ happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.B. Yes, it is. And it seemed _ all the theories were useful, but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.whatas ifthatas if, that, what, who, when, how, why, whose